List of heads of state of Sudan

This article lists the heads of state of Sudan since the country's independence in 1956.

President of the Republic of the Sudan
رئيس جمهورية السودان
Incumbent
Eleven-member
Sovereignty Council
(collective presidency)
since 20 August 2019
ResidenceRepublican Palace
Khartoum, Sudan
Term length39 months[1]
Formation17 November 1958
21 August 2019 (under the current constitution and in current form)
First holderFive-member Sovereignty Council (collective presidency)
Salary29,320 USD annually[2]
Websitewww.presidency.gov.sd/eng/
Sudan
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Sudan

Member State of the Arab League

Constitution
  • 4 August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration (2019–2022)
Executive
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Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Elections
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Related topics

History of the office

Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six individuals (and three multi-member sovereignty councils) have served as head of state of Sudan, currently under the title President of the Republic of the Sudan. Prior to independence, Sudan was governed as a condominium by Egypt and the United Kingdom, under the name Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. As such, executive power was vested in a dyarchy consisting of both countries' heads of state – at the time of independence, the Queen of the United Kingdom (Elizabeth II) and the Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council (headed by Gamal Abdel Nasser). Immediately following independence, the role of head of state was filled by a five-member Sovereignty Council, with rival nationalist factions unable to agree on a single candidate. In November 1958, General Ibrahim Abboud led a military coup d'état, assuming the role of head of state as Chairman of the Supreme Council. Assuming the title of president in 1964, he resigned later that year due to general discontent around the rule of the military regime. Abboud was succeeded by a senior civil servant, Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, who served as acting president for 18 days before transferring executive authority to a Committee of Sovereignty.

Ismail al-Azhari, the leader of the National Unionist Party, was made president in July 1965, and ruled with limited power until he was deposed in 1969. The military officers responsible for the coup established the National Revolutionary Command Council, chaired by Jaafar Nimeiry. Nimeiry, the leader of the newly formed Sudanese Socialist Union, assumed the position of president in 1971, and subsequently established a one-party state, which existed until 1985, when a group of military officers overthrew his government and established the 1985 Transitional Military Council, led by Field Marshal Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab. Ahmed al-Mirghani succeeded to the relatively powerless position of Chairman of the Supreme Council in 1986, after multi-party election held that year. He was deposed in a 1989 military coup led by Lieutenant-General Omar al-Bashir. Al-Bashir served as head of state, under the title of Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation from 1989 to 1993 and as president from 1993 to 2019 (and from 1996 as the leader of the National Congress Party). Al-Bashir was removed from power by the Sudanese Armed Forces on 11 April 2019, amid ongoing protests after holding the office for nearly 30 years. Lieutenant-General Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf took control of Sudan without becoming head of state, established the 2019 Transitional Military Council, but resigned the following day in favor of Lieutenant-General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan.[3]

Titles of heads of state

Heads of State of Sudan (1956–present)

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969)

No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Elected Term of office Political party
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Sovereignty Council[lower-alpha 1] — 1 January 1956 17 November 1958 2 years, 320 days Multipartisan
2 Ibrahim Abboud
(1900–1983)		 — 17 November 1958 16 November 1964[lower-alpha 2] 5 years, 365 days Military
— Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa
(1919–2006)
Acting President		 — 16 November 1964 3 December 1964 17 days National Umma Party
3 First Committee of Sovereignty[lower-alpha 3] — 3 December 1964 10 June 1965 189 days Multipartisan
4 Second Committee of Sovereignty[lower-alpha 4] — 10 June 1965 8 July 1965 28 days Multipartisan
5 Ismail al-Azhari
(1900–1969)		 — 8 July 1965 25 May 1969[lower-alpha 5] 3 years, 321 days Democratic Unionist Party

Democratic Republic of the Sudan (1969–1985)

6 Jaafar Nimeiry
(1930–2009)		 1971[lower-alpha 6]
1977
1983		 25 May 1969 6 April 1985[lower-alpha 7] 15 years, 316 days Military /
Sudanese Socialist Union
7 Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
(1934–2018)		 — 6 April 1985 10 October 1985[4] 187 days Military

Republic of the Sudan (1985–present)

(7) Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
(1934–2018)		 — 10 October 1985[4] 6 May 1986 208 days Military
8 Ahmed al-Mirghani
(1941–2008)		 — 6 May 1986 30 June 1989[lower-alpha 8] 3 years, 55 days Democratic Unionist Party
9 Omar al-Bashir
(born 1944)		 1996
2000
2010
2015		 30 June 1989 11 April 2019[lower-alpha 9] 29 years, 285 days Military /
National Congress Party
10 Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
(born 1957)		 — 11 April 2019 12 April 2019 1 day Military /
National Congress Party
11 Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
(born 1960)		 — 12 April 2019 20 August 2019 130 days Military
12 Sovereignty Council
[lower-alpha 10]		 — 20 August 2019 Incumbent 1 year, 165 days Multipartisan
(FFC and TMC)

Latest election
Main article: 2015 Sudanese general election
Candidate Party Votes %
Omar al-BashirNational Congress5,252,47894.05
Fadl el-Sayed ShuiabFederal Truth Party79,7791.43
Fatima Abdel MahmoudSudanese Socialist Democratic Union47,6530.85
Mohamed Elhassan MohamedNational Reform Party42,3990.76
Abdul Mahmoud Abdul Jabar RahamtallaUnion of the Nation's Forces41,1340.74
Hamdi Hassan AhmedIndependent18,0430.32
Mohamed Ahmed Abdul Gadir Al ArbabIndependent16,9660.30
Yasser Yahiya Salih Abdul GadirIndependent16,6090.30
Khairi BakhitIndependent11,8520.21
Adel Dafalla JabirIndependent9,4350.17
Mohamed Awad Al BarowIndependent9,3880.17
Asad Al Nil Adel Yassin Al SaafiIndependent9,3590.17
Alam Al Huda Ahmed Osman Mohamed AliIndependent8,1330.15
Ahmed Al Radhi Jadalla SalemIndependent7,7510.14
Isaam Al Ghali Tajj Eddin AliIndependent7,5870.14
Omar Awad Al Karim Hussein AliIndependent6,2970.11
Invalid/blank votes506,549–
Total6,091,412100
Registered voters/turnout13,126,98946.40
Source: NEC

Notes
  1. Members: Abdel Fattah Muhammad al-Maghrabi, Muhammad Ahmad Yasin, Ahmad Muhammad Salih, Muhammad Othman al-Dardiri and Siricio Iro Wani.
  2. Resigned after mass protests.
  3. Members: Abdel Halim Muhammad, Tijani al-Mahi, Mubarak Shaddad, Ibrahim Yusuf Sulayman and Luigi Adwok Bong Gicomeho.
  4. Members: Ismail al-Azhari, Abdullah al-Fadil al-Mahdi, Luigi Adwok Bong Gicomeho, Abdel Halim Muhammad and Khidr Hamad.
  5. Deposed in the 1969 coup d'état.
  6. Presidency referendum.
  7. Briefly interrupted during the 19–22 July 1971 coup d'état. Deposed in the 1985 coup d'état.
  8. Deposed in the 1989 coup d'état.
  9. Deposed in the 2019 coup d'état.
  10. Members:[5] Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, Yasser al-Atta, Shams al-Din Khabbashi, Salah Abdel Khaliq, Aisha Musa el-Said, Siddiq Tawer, Mohamed al-Faki, Hassan Sheikh Idris, Mohammed Hassan al-Ta'ishi[6] and Raja Nicola.

See also

References
  1. "Sudan: Civilian-majority ruling council sworn in". Deutsche Welle. 21 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. "The highest and lowest paid African presidents - Business Daily". Business Daily.
  3. El Sirgany, Sarah; Elbagir, Nima; Abdullah, Yasir (11 April 2019). "Sudan's President Bashir forced out in military coup". cnn.com. CNN. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
  5. "Sudan opposition coalition appoints five civilian members of sovereign council". Thomson Reuters. 2019-08-18. Archived from the original on 2019-08-18. Retrieved 2019-08-18.
  6. "FFC finally agree on nominees for Sudan's Sovereign Council". Sudan Tribune. 2019-08-20. Archived from the original on 2019-08-20. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
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