List of passive satellites

List of passive satellites is a listing of inert or mostly inert satellites, mainly of the Earth. This includes typically various reflector type satellites used for geodesy and atmospheric measurements

Starshine 2 deployed into space from Space Shuttle Endeavour, in 2001

PAGEOS test

Passive satellites

• Ajisai, Experimental Geodetic Payload[1]
• Beacon-C, Beacon Explorer C, BE-C, Explorer 27[2]
• BLITS[3]
• Calsphere satellites[4]
  • Calsphere
  • Calsphere 1A
  • Calsphere 2
  • Calsphere 3
  • Calsphere 4
  • Calsphere 4A
  • Calsphere 5[5]
• Dragsphere 1[6]
• Dragsphere 2[6]
• Enoch[7]
• Etalon[8]
  • Kosmos 1989
  • Kosmos 2024
• Explorer 9
• GFZ-1[9]
• Humanity Star[10]
• LAGEOS[11]
  • LAGEOS 1
  • LAGEOS 2, see STS-52
• LARES[12]
• Larets[13][14]
• LCS-1[15]
• PAGEOS
• PAMS-STU, see STS-77[16]
• POPACS[17]
• Reflector[18]
• PasComSat
• Rigid Sphere 1 (AVL-802H)[19]
• Rigid Sphere 2[20]
• Sfera[21]
• Starshine
  • Starshine 1,[22] see STS-96
  • Starshine 2, see STS-108
• Starlette[23]
• Stella[24]
• WESTPAC 1[25]

Mostly passive satellites

• Starshine 3, see Athena I[26]
• Echo project[27]
  • Echo 1 (Echo 1A)
  • Echo 2
• Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster

See also

• List of laser ranging satellites
• Lunar Laser Ranging experiment
• Balloon satellites
• Satellite geodesy

References

1. Kucharski, Daniel; Kirchner, Georg; Otsubo, Toshimichi; Kunimori, Hiroo; Jah, Moriba K.; Koidl, Franz; Bennett, James C.; Lim, Hyung-Chul; Wang, Peiyuan; Steindorfer, Michael; Sośnica, Krzysztof (August 2019). "Hypertemporal photometric measurement of spaceborne mirrors specular reflectivity for Laser Time Transfer link model". Advances in Space Research. 64 (4): 957–963. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2019.05.030.
2. Pearlman, M.; Arnold, D.; Davis, M.; Barlier, F.; Biancale, R.; Vasiliev, V.; Ciufolini, I.; Paolozzi, A.; Pavlis, E. C.; Sośnica, K.; Bloßfeld, M. (November 2019). "Laser geodetic satellites: a high-accuracy scientific tool". Journal of Geodesy. 93 (11): 2181–2194. doi:10.1007/s00190-019-01228-y.
3. Sośnica, Krzysztof; Jäggi, Adrian; Meyer, Ulrich; Thaller, Daniela; Beutler, Gerhard; Arnold, Daniel; Dach, Rolf (October 2015). "Time variable Earth's gravity field from SLR satellites". Journal of Geodesy. 89 (10): 945–960. doi:10.1007/s00190-015-0825-1.
4. "Calsphere 1, 2, 3, 4". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
5. "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1971-02-17. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
6. "Dragsphere 1, 2". Space.skyrocket.de. 2014-09-19. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
7. "Enoch - Gunter's Space Page". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
8. Lindborg, Christina. "Etalon". Russia and Navigation Systems. Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
9. "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1995-04-19. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
10. "Space-Spotting: How To See Humanity Star and Other Objects in Orbit". Popular Mechanics. 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2018-01-27.
11. Sośnica, Krzysztof (1 August 2015). "LAGEOS Sensitivity to Ocean Tides". Acta Geophysica. 63 (4): 1181–1203. doi:10.1515/acgeo-2015-0032.
12. Krzysztof, Sośnica (1 March 2015). "Impact of the Atmospheric Drag on Starlette, Stella, Ajisai, and Lares Orbits". Artificial Satellites. 50 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1515/arsa-2015-0001.
13. "Larets". space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
14. "Larets". ilrs.cddis.eosdis.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
15. "LCS 1". NSSDCA Master Catalog. NSSDCA. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
16. "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1996-05-22. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
17. "POPACS (Polar Orbiting Passive Atmospheric Calibration Sphere)". directory.eoportal.org. Retrieved 2020-07-18.
18. "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 2001-12-10. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
19. "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1971-08-07. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
20. "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1971-08-07. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
21. "Sfera-53 (TEKh-44, Vektor-T)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
22. "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1999-06-05. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
23. "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1975-02-06. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
24. "NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details". Nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. 1993-09-26. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
25. "WESTPAC 1". Space.skyrocket.de. 1995-12-02. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
26. "Starshine 3 (Starshine-OSCAR 43, SO 43)". Space.skyrocket.de. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
27. Donald H. Martin (2000). Communication Satellites. AIAA. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-884989-09-4.