List of premiers of New Brunswick

The Canadian province of New Brunswick was a British crown colony before it joined Canada in 1867.[1] It had a system of responsible government beginning in 1854, and has kept its own legislature to deal with provincial matters.[2] New Brunswick has a unicameral Westminster-style parliamentary government, in which the Premier is the leader of the party that has the confidence of the Legislative Assembly to form a government. The Premier is New Brunswick's head of government, and the Queen of Canada is its head of state and is represented by the Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick. The Premier picks a cabinet from the elected members to form the Executive Council of New Brunswick, and presides over that body.[3]

Members are first elected to the legislature during general elections. General elections must be conducted every five years from the date of the last election, but the Premier may ask for early dissolution of the Legislative Assembly. An election may also take place if the governing party loses the confidence of the legislature by the defeat of a supply bill or tabling of a confidence motion.[3]

New Brunswick has had 36 individuals serve as first minister. The province had five individuals as leaders while a colony, and 31 individuals after Canadian Confederation, of which two were from the Confederation Party, 11 from the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, 15 from the New Brunswick Liberal Association, one from the Anti-Confederation Party, and seven with unofficial party affiliations.

Premiers of New Brunswick

  Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick   New Brunswick Liberal Association   Unofficial affiliation

Premier (party)			Period	Parli- aments	Elections
Premiers of the Colony of New Brunswick (1854–1867)
	1st	Charles Fisher[4](1808-1880) (1st time of 2)	November 1, 1854 May 1856	16th	Elected June 1854
	2nd	John Hamilton Gray[5](1814-1889)	June 21, 1856 June 1857	17th	Elected June 24, 1856
	—	Charles Fisher[4] (2nd time of 2)	June 1, 1857 March 19, 1861	18th	Elected May 8, 1857 Resigned March 19, 1861
	3rd	Samuel Leonard Tilley (1818-1896)	March 19, 1861 March 1865		Designated March 19, 1861
				19th	Elected June 6, 1861
	4th	Albert J. Smith[6] (Anti-Confederation, unofficially) (1822-1883)	September 21, 1865 April 14, 1866	20th	Elected June 24, 1865 Resigned April 14, 1866
	5th	Peter Mitchell[7] (Confederation Party, unofficially) (1824-1899)	April 14, 1866 August 1867		Designated April 14, 1866
				21st ...	Elected May 1866 Resigned August 1867
Premiers of the province of New Brunswick since Confederation (1867–present)
	1st	Andrew R. Wetmore[8] (Confederation Party, unofficially) (1820-1892)	August 16, 1867 May 25, 1870	... 21st	Designated August 16, 1867 Resigned May 25, 1870
	2nd	George E. King[9] (1st time of 2) (1839-1901)	June 9, 1870 February 21, 1871		Designated June 9, 1870
				22nd	Elected June 29, 1870 Resigned February 21, 1871
	3rd	George L. Hathaway (1813-1872)	February 21, 1871 July 5, 1872		Designated February 21, 1871 Resigned July 5, 1872
	4th	George E. King[9] (2nd time of 2)	July 5, 1872 May 3, 1878		Designated July 5, 1872
				23rd	Re-elected June 4, 1874
	5th	John James Fraser[10](1829-1896)	June 1878 May 25, 1882	24th	Elected June 25, 1878 Resigned May 25, 1882
	6th	Daniel L. Hanington[11](1835-1909)	May 25, 1882 February 1883		Designated May 25, 1882
				25th	Elected June 15, 1882 Resigned February 1883
	7th	Andrew G. Blair[12] (Liberal, unofficially) (1844-1907)	March 3, 1883 July 17, 1896		Designated March 3, 1883
				26th	Re-elected April 26, 1886
				27th	Re-elected January 20, 1890
				28th	Re-elected November 22, 1892
				29th	Re-elected October 9, 1895 Resigned July 17, 1896
	8th	James Mitchell (Liberal, unofficially) (1843-1897)	July 17, 1896 October 29, 1897		Designated July 17, 1896 Resigned October 29, 1897
	9th	Henry R. Emmerson[13] (Liberal, unofficially) (1853-1914)	October 29, 1897 August 31, 1900		Designated October 29, 1897
				30th	Re-elected February 18, 1899 Resigned August 31, 1900
	10th	Lemuel J. Tweedie (Liberal, unofficially) (1849-1917)	September 1, 1900 March 2, 1907		Designated September 1, 1900
				31st	Re-elected February 28, 1903 Resigned March 2, 1907
	11th	William Pugsley (Liberal, unofficially) (1850-1925)	March 6, 1907 May 31, 1907		Designated March 6, 1907 Resigned May 31, 1907
	12th	Clifford W. Robinson (Liberal, unofficially) (1866-1947)	May 31, 1907 March 24, 1908		Designated May 31, 1907
	13th	John Douglas Hazen (Conservative, unofficially) (1860-1937)	March 24, 1908 October 10, 1911	32nd	Elected March 3, 1908 Resigned October 10, 1911
	14th	James Kidd Flemming[14] (Conservative, unofficially) (1868-1927)	October 16, 1911 December 6, 1914		Designated October 16, 1911
				33rd	Re-elected June 20, 1912 Resigned December 6, 1914
	15th	George Clarke[15] (Conservative, unofficially) (1857-1917)	December 6, 1914 February 1, 1917		Designated December 6, 1914
	16th	James A. Murray[16] (Conservative, unofficially) (1864-1960)	February 1, 1917 April 4, 1917		Designated February 1, 1917
	17th	Walter E. Foster[17] (Liberal, unofficially) (1873-1947)	April 4, 1917 February 1, 1923	34th	Elected February 24, 1917
				35th	Re-elected October 9, 1920 to a minority government Resigned February 1, 1923
	18th	Peter J. Veniot[18] (Liberal, unofficially) (1863-1936)	February 28, 1923 September 10, 1925		Designated February 28, 1923 to a minority government
	19th	John B. M. Baxter[19] (Conservative, unofficially) (1868-1946)	September 14, 1925 May 19, 1931	36th	Elected August 10, 1925
				37th	Re-elected June 19, 1930 Resigned May 19, 1931
	20th	Charles D. Richards[20] (Conservative) (1879-1956)	May 18, 1931 June 2, 1933		Designated May 18, 1931 Resigned June 2, 1933
	21st	Leonard P. D. Tilley[21] (Conservative) (1870-1947)	June 1, 1933 July 12, 1935		Designated June 1, 1933
	22nd	A. Allison Dysart[22] (Liberal) (1880-1962)	July 16, 1935 March 13, 1940	38th	Elected June 27, 1935
				39th	Re-elected November 20, 1939 Resigned March 13, 1940
	23rd	John B. McNair (Liberal) (1889-1968)	March 13, 1940 October 7, 1952		Designated March 13, 1940
				40th	Re-elected August 28, 1944
				41st	Re-elected June 28, 1948
	24th	Hugh John Flemming (Progressive Conservative) (1899-1982)	October 8, 1952 July 11, 1960	42nd	Elected September 22, 1952
				43rd	Re-elected June 18, 1956
	25th	Louis Joseph Robichaud (Liberal) (1925-2005)	July 12, 1960 November 11, 1970	44th	Elected June 27, 1960
				45th	Re-elected April 22, 1963
				46th	Re-elected October 13, 1967
	26th	Richard Bennett Hatfield (Progressive Conservative) (1931-1991)	November 11, 1970 October 27, 1987	47th	Elected October 26, 1970
				48th	Re-elected November 18, 1974
				49th	Re-elected October 23, 1978
				50th	Re-elected October 12, 1982
	27th	Francis Joseph McKenna[23] (Liberal) (b. 1948)	October 27, 1987 October 14, 1997	51st	Elected October 13, 1987
				52nd	Re-elected September 23, 1991
				53rd	Re-elected September 11, 1995 Resigned October 13, 1997
	28th	Joseph Raymond Frenette (Liberal) (1935-2018)	October 14, 1997 May 14, 1998		Designated October 14, 1997 Resigned May 14, 1998
	29th	Camille Thériault (Liberal) (b. 1955)	May 14, 1998 June 21, 1999		Designated May 14, 1998
	30th	Bernard Lord (Progressive Conservative) (b. 1965)	June 21, 1999 October 3, 2006	54th	Elected June 7, 1999
				55th	Re-elected June 9, 2003
	31st	Shawn Michael Graham (Liberal) (b. 1968)	October 3, 2006 October 12, 2010	56th	Elected September 18, 2006
	32nd	David Nathan Alward (Progressive Conservative) (b. 1959)	October 12, 2010 October 7, 2014	57th	Elected September 27, 2010
	33rd	Brian Alexander Gallant (Liberal) (b. 1982)	October 7, 2014 November 9, 2018	58th	Elected September 22, 2014
				59th	Re-elected September 24, 2018 to a minority government
	34th*	Blaine Higgs (Progressive Conservative) (b. 1954)	November 9, 2018		Designated November 9, 2018 to a minority government

* The New Brunswick practice is to count George E. King as the 2nd and 4th Premier, making Blaine Higgs the 34th Premier.[24]

Living former premiers

As of February 2019, six former premiers are alive, the oldest being Frank McKenna (1987–1997, born 1948). The most recent former premier to die and the most recently serving premier to die was Ray Frenette (1997–1998), on July 14, 2018.

Name	Term	Date of birth
Frank McKenna	1987–1997	January 19, 1948
Camille Thériault	1998–1999	February 25, 1955
Bernard Lord	1999–2006	September 27, 1965
Shawn Graham	2006–2010	February 22, 1968
David Alward	2010–2014	December 2, 1959
Brian Gallant	2014–2018	April 27, 1982

Deputy Premier

Name	Term of Office		Notes
Aldéa Landry	1987	1991
Marcelle Mersereau	1994	1995
Ray Frenette	1995	1997	Became premier
Alan R. Graham	1997	1998
Doug Tyler	1998	1999
Dale Graham	1999	2006
Donald Arseneault	2006	2010
Paul Robichaud	2010	2014
Stephen Horsman	2014	2018
Robert Gauvin	2018	2020

See also

• Leader of the Opposition (New Brunswick)

References

General

• "New Brunswick by the numbers". CBC. August 25, 2006. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
• "Premiers of New Brunswick". The Legislative Library of New Brunswick. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
• Doyle, Arthur T. (1984). Elections in New Brunswick, 1784-1984. Fredericton: Brunswick Press. ISBN 0-88838-391-6.

Specific

1. "Canadian Confederation". Library and Archives Canada. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on June 22, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
2. "Responsible Government". Library and Archives Canada. May 2, 2005. Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
3. "The Legislative Process". Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
4. "Fisher, Charles (Hon.)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
5. "John Hamilton Gray" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
6. "Albert J. Smith" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
7. "Peter Mitchell" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
8. "Andrew R. Wetmore" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
9. "King, George Edwin (Hon.)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
10. "John James Fraser" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
11. "Daniel L. Hanington" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
12. "Andrew G. Blair" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
13. "Henry R. Emmerson" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
14. "James Kidd Flemming" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
15. "George J. Clarke" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
16. "James A. Murray" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
17. "Walter E. Foster" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
18. "Peter J. Veniot" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
19. "Baxter, John Babington Macaulay Sr" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
20. "Richards, Charles Dow" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
21. "Tilley, Leonard Percy DeWolfe" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
22. "Dysart, Albert Allison" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
23. "McKenna, Francis Joseph (Frank)" (PDF). Government of New Brunswick. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 19, 2008. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
24. "Shawn Graham Bios". Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick. August 26, 2010. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved March 19, 2011.

External links

• New Brunswick Office of the Premier