List of state leaders in 1856

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1856.

Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
• Kingdom of Buganda –
  1. Suna II (1836–1856)
  2. Muteesa I (1856–1884)
• Bunyoro – Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852–1869)
• Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
• Kingdom of Dahomey –
  1. Ghezo (1818–1856)
  2. Glele (1856–1889)
• Dosso Kingdom – Zarmakoy Kassam (1856–1865)
• Ethiopian Empire – Tewodros II (1855–1868)
• Geledi Sultanate – Ahmed Yusuf (1848–1878)
• Kingdom of Jimma – Abba Rebu (1855–1859)
• Kingdom of Kaffa -
• Kingdom of Kongo - Henrique III (1842-1857)
• Leqa Neqemte - Bekere Godana (1841-1868)[1]
• Liberia
  • President -
    1. Joseph Jenkins Roberts (1848–1856)
    2. Stephen Allen Benson (1856–1864)
• Kingdom of Madagascar – Ranavalona I (1828–1861)
• Mthwakazi - Mzilikazi, King 1823-1868
• Kingdom of Rwanda – Kigeli IV (1853–1895)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph – Ali bin Bello I (1842–1859)
  • Grand Vizier – Abd al-Qadir (1842–1859)
• Toucouleur Empire – El Hadj Umar Tall, Caliph (1850–1864)
• Unyanyembe - Ifundikila (1840-1858)
• Warsangali Sultanate – Gerad Aul (1830–1870)
• Yeke Kingdom - Msiri (1856-1891)
• Sultanate of Zanzibar – Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid (1856–1870)
• Zulu – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)

Asia

• Emirate of Afghanistan – Dost Mohammad Khan (1843–1863)
• China
  • Qing dynasty – Xianfeng Emperor (1850–1861)
  • Taiping Heavenly Kingdom – Hong Xiuquan (1851–1864)
• Empire of Japan
  • Monarch – Kōmei (1846–1867)
  • Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Iesada (1853–1858)
  • Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Tai (1848-11 March 1879)
• Joseon (Korea) – Cheoljong (1849–1864)
• Mughal Empire – Bahadur Shah II (1837-1857)
• Sultanate of Oman – Thuwaini bin Said (1856–1866)
• Rajpipla State - Verisalji II (1821-1860)
• Siam – Mongkut (1851–1868)
• Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) – Tự Đức, Emperor (1847–1883)

Europe

• Principality of Abkhazia – Mikhail (1822–1864)
• Kingdom of Belgium
  • Monarch – Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
  • Cabinet Chief – Pieter Dedecker (1855–1857)
• Kingdom of Denmark
  • Monarch – Frederick VII (1848–1863)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Peter Georg Bang (1854–1856)
    2. Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ (1856–1857)
• Second French Empire – Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
• German Confederation – Franz Joseph of Austria, President (1850–1866)
  • Austrian Empire – Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
  • Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
    • Monarch – William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
    • Prime Minister – Mathias Simons (1853–1860)
  • Kingdom of Prussia –
    • Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1840–1861)
    • Minister President – Otto von Manteuffel (1850–1858)
  • Kingdom of Bavaria – Maximilian II (1848–1864)
  • Kingdom of Saxony – Johann (1854–1873)
  • Kingdom of Hanover – George (1851–1866)
  • Kingdom of Württemberg – William (1816–1864)
• Kingdom of Greece –
  • Monarch – Otto (1832–1862)
  • Prime Minister – Dimitrios Voulgaris (1855–1857)
• Kingdom of Hungary – Franz Joseph I of Austria (1848–1916)
• Duchy of Lucca – Charles II, Duke of Parma (1824–1847)
• Duchy of Massa and Carrara – Francis V, Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara (1846–1859)
• Duchy of Modena – Francis V (1846–1859)
• Principality of Moldavia –
  1. Grigore Alexandru Ghica, Voivod of Moldavia (1849–1853, 1854–1856)
  2. Teodor Balş, Princely Lieutenant of Moldavia (1856–1857)
• Principality of Monaco
  1. Florestan I (1841–1856)
  2. Charles III (1856–1889)
• Principality of Montenegro – Danilo I (1852–1860)
• Kingdom of the Netherlands
  • Monarch – William III (1849–1890)
  • Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers -
    1. Floris Adriaan van Hall (1853–1856, 1860–1861)
    2. Justinus van der Brugghen (1856–1858)
• Sweden–Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway – Kingdom of Sweden–Norway
  • Monarch – Oscar I (1844–1859)
  • Governor -
    1. Severin Løvenskiold, Governor of Norway (1841–1856)
    2. vacant from 1856 until abolished in 1873
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Sultan – Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)
  • Grand Vizier -
    1. Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1855–1856)
    2. Mustafa Reşid Pasha (1856–1857)
• Papal States – Pope Pius IX (1846–1870)
• Duchy of Parma – Roberto I (1854–1859)
  • Regent – Louise, Dowager Duchess of Parma(1854–1859)
• Congress Poland – Alexander II of Russia (1853–1861)
• Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
  • Monarch – Pedro V (1853–1861)
  • President of the Council of Ministers -
    1. Duke of Saldanha (1851–1856)
    2. Marquess of Loulé (1856–1859)
• Russian Empire – Alexander II (1855–1881)
• Sardinia-Piedmont – Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia-Piedmont (1849–1878*) *King of Italy beginning in 1861
  • Prime Minister – Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour (1852–1861)
  • Savoy
• Kingdom of Spain – Isabella II (September 29, 1833 – 1868)
• Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway – Oscar I (1844–1859)
• Switzerland – Jakob Stämpfli, President (1856)
• Kingdom of Tavolara – Paolo I (1845–1886)
• Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Leopold II (1824–1848, 1849–1859)
• Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand II (1830–1859)
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  • Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1855–1858)
• Principality of Wallachia –
  1. Barbu Dimitrie Stirbey, Voivod of Wallachia (1849–1853, 1854–1856)
  2. Alexandru Dimitrie Ghica, Princely Lieutenant of Wallachia (1856–1858)

Middle East and North Africa

• Kuwait – Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah (1814–1859)
• Sultanate of Morocco – Abd al-Rahman (1822–1859)
• Beylik of Tunis -
  • Monarch – Muhammad (II) ibn al-Husayn, Pasha-Bey of Tunisia (1855–1859)
  • Grand Vizier – Mustapha Khaznadar (1837–1873)
• Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848–1896)

North America

• Costa Rica – Juan Rafael Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849–1859)
• Dominican Republic –
  1. Pedro Santana Familias, President of the Dominican Republic (1844–1848, 1849, 1853–1856)
  2. Manuel de Regla Mota y Álvarez de Fuentes, President of the Dominican Republic (1856)
  3. Buenaventura Báez Méndez, President of the Dominican Republic (1849–1853, 1856–1858)
• El Salvador –
  1. José María San Martín y Fugón, President of El Salvador (1854–1856)
  2. Rafael Campo Pomar, President of El Salvador (1856–1858)
• Guatemala – José Rafael Carrera Turcios, Perpetual President of Guatemala (1844–1848, 1851–1865)
• Second Empire of Haiti – Faustin (1847*-1859) *Emperor from 1849
• Honduras –
  1. Francisco de Aguilar, Acting President of Honduras (1855–1856)
  2. José Santos Guardiola Bustillo, President of Honduras (1856–1862)
• Mexico: Ignacio Comonfort, President of Mexico (1855–1857)
• Miskito Nation – George Augustus Frederic II, King of the Miskito Nation (1842–1865)
• Nicaragua –
  1. Patricio Rivas, Provisional President of Nicaragua (1855–1856)
  2. William Walker, Provisional President of Nicaragua (1856–1857)
• United States: Franklin Pierce, President of the United States (1853–1857)

Oceania

• Kingdom of Hawaii – Kamehameha IV (1854–1863)
• Mangareva – Maputeoa, King of Mangareva (1830–1857)
• Tonga – Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)

South America

• Argentine Confederation – Justo José de Urquiza, President of the Argentine Confederation (1854–1860)
  • State of Buenos Aires – Pastor Obligado, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1853–1858)
• Bolivia – Jorge Córdova, President of Bolivia (1855–1857)
• Empire of Brazil –
  • Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
  • Prime Minister –
    1. Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná (1853–1856)
    2. Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Marquis of Caxias (1856–1857)
• Chile – Manuel Francisco Antonio Julián Montt Torres, President of Chile (1851–1861)
• Ecuador –
  1. José María Urvina, President of Ecuador (1851*-1856) *Supreme Chief (in rebellion) to 1852
  2. Francisco Robles Garcia, President of Ecuador (1856–1859)
• Republic of New Granada – Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen, Acting President (1855–1857)
• Paraguay – Carlos Antonio López, Perpetual Supreme Dictator (1844–1862)
• Peru – Ramón Castilla, President of Peru (1845–1851 and 1855–1862)
• Uruguay –
  1. Manuel Basilio Bustamante, President of Uruguay (1855–1856)
  2. José María Plá, President of Uruguay (1856)
  3. Gabriel Antonio Pereira, President of Uruguay (1856–1860)
• Venezuela – José Tadeo Monagas Burgos, President of Venezuela (1847–1851 and 1855–1858)

References

1. Ta'a, Tesema. "The Process of Urbanization in Wollega, Western Ethiopia: The Case of Neqemte." Journal of Ethiopian Studies 26, no. 1 (1993): 59-72. Accessed April 29, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/41966012. p. 63