List of state leaders in the 1st century

This is a list of state leaders in the 1st century (1–100 AD).

State leaders in the 1st century BC – State leaders in the 2nd century AD – State leaders by year

Africa

Africa: East

Ethiopia

• Kingdom of Aksum (complete list) –

• Zoskales, King (c.100)

Africa: Northeast

Nubia

• Kush (complete list) –

• Natakamani, King (c.1 BC–c.20 AD)
• Amanitore, Queen Co-regent (c.1 BC–?)
• Shorkaror, King (c.20–30)
• Pisakar, King (mid 1st century)
• Amanitaraqide, King (mid 1st century)
• Amanitenmemide, King (mid 1st century)
• Amanikhatashan, Queen Regent (c.62–c.85)
• Teritnide, King (late 1st century)
• Teqerideamani I, King (late 1st–early 2nd century)

Africa: Northwest

Morocco

• Mauretania (complete list) –

• Juba II, client King under Rome (25 BC–23 AD)
• Ptolemy, client King under Rome (20–40)

Americas

Americas: Mesoamerica

Maya civilization

• Tikal (complete list) –

• Yax Ehb Xook, Ajaw (c.90)

Asia

Asia: Central

Mongolia

• Xianbei state –

• Bianhe, Chieftain (c.49)
• Yuchoupen, Chieftain (c.54)

Asia: East

China

• Western Han, China (complete list) –

• Ping, Emperor (1 BC–5 AD)
• Ruzi Ying, Emperor (6–8)

• Xin dynasty, China –

• Wang Mang, Emperor (9–23)

• Eastern Han, China (complete list) –

• Gengshi, Emperor (23–25)
• Guangwu, Emperor (25–57)
• Ming, Emperor (58–75)
• Zhang, Emperor (76–88)
• He, Emperor (89–105)

Korea

• Baekje (complete list) –

• Onjo, King (18 BC–28 AD)
• Daru, King (28–77)
• Giru, King (77–128)

• Dongbuyeo (complete list) –

• Daeso, King (7 BC–22 AD)

• Goguryeo (complete list) –

• Yuri, King (19 BC–18 AD)
• Daemusin, King (18–44)
• Minjung, King (44–48)
• Mobon, King (48–53)
• Taejodae, King (53–146)

• Silla (complete list) –

• Hyeokgeose, King (57 BC–4 AD)
• Namhae, King (4–24)
• Yuri, King (24–57)
• Talhae, King (57–80)
• Pasa, King (80–112)

Asia: Southeast

Cambodia

• Funan –

• Soma, Queen (late 1st century)
• Hùntián, King (1st/2nd century)

Vietnam

• Lĩnh Nam (complete list) –

• Trưng Trắc, Queen (40–43); Trưng Nhị, Vicereine (40–43)

Asia: South

India

• Indo-Greek Kingdom (complete list) –

• Strato II and Strato III, Kings of Eastern Punjab (25 BC–10 AD)

• Kushan Empire (complete list) –

• Heraios, Clan chief (c.1–c.30)
• Kujula Kadphises, Ruler/Emperor (c.30–c.80)
• Vima Takto, Ruler/Emperor (c.80–c.95)
• Vima Kadphises, Ruler/Emperor (c.95–c.127)

• Satavahana dynasty (Purana-based chronology)[1] –

• Satakarni III, King (1 BC–1 AD)
• Pulumavi I, King (1–36)
• Gaura Krishna, King (36–61)
• Hāla, King (61–66)
• Mandalaka aka Puttalaka or Pulumavi II, King (69–71)
• Purindrasena, King (71–76)
• Sundara Satakarni, King (76–77)
• Chakora Satakarni, King (77–78)
• Shivasvati, King (78–106)

• Northern Satraps (complete list) –

• Rajuvula, Great Satrap (c.10–25)
• Bhadayasa, Satrap (early 1st century)
• Sodasa, Satrap (early 1st century)

• Western Satraps (complete list) –

• Abhiraka, Satrap (1st century)

Pakistan

• Apracharajas (complete list) –

• Vijayamitra, Raja (12 BC–15 AD)
• Indravasu, Raja (c.15)
• Vispavarma, Raja (c.5/6–20)
• Aspavarman, Raja (c.15–45)[2]
• Sasan, Raja (c.45–50)[2]

• Indo-Parthian Kingdom (complete list) –

• Sarpedones, King (c.19–20)
• Gondophares, King (c.19–46)
• Gadana, King (46–55)
• Abdagases I, King (46–60)
• Sases, King (mid 1st-century)
• Ubouzanes, King (late 1st-century)
• Pacores, King (100–135)

• Indo-Scythians (complete list) –

• Zeionises, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)
• Kharahostes, Sub-king (c.10 BC–10 AD)

Sri Lanka

• Anuradhapura Kingdom (complete list) –

• Bhatikabhaya Abhaya, King (20 BC–9 AD)
• Mahadathika Mahanaga, King (9–21 AD)
• Amandagamani Abhaya, King (21–30)
• Kanirajanu Tissa, King (30–33)
• Chulabhaya, King (33–35)
• Sivali, King (35–35)
• Ilanaga, King (38–44)
• Chandamukha, King (44–52)
• Yassalalaka Tissa, King (52–60)
• Subharaja, King (60–66)
• Vasabha, King (66–110)

Asia: West

• Kingdom of Commagene (complete list) –

• Antiochus III, King (12 BC–17 AD)
• Antiochus IV, King (38–72)

• Nabataean kingdom (complete list) –

• Aretas IV Philopatris, King (9/8 BC–39/40 AD)
• Malichus II, King (39/40–69/70)
• Rabbel II Soter, King (70/71–106)

• Osroene (complete list) –

• Abgar V, King (4 BC–7 AD, 13–50)
• Ma'nu IV, King (7–13 AD)
• Ma'nu V, King (50–57)
• Ma'nu VI, King (57–71)
• Abgar VI, King (71–91)
• Sanatruk, King (91–109)

• Parthian Empire (complete list) –

• Musa, Great Queen, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)
• Phraates V, Great King, Shah (2 BC–4 AD)
• Orodes III, Great King, Shah (4–6)
• Vonones I, Great King, Shah (6–12)
• Artabanus III, Great King, Shah (10–35)
• Tiridates III, Great King, Shah (35–36)
• Artabanus III, Great King, Shah (36–38)
• Vardanes I, Great King, Shah (40–47)
• Gotarzes II, Great King, Shah (40–51)
• Vonones II, Great King, Shah (51)
• Vologases I, Great King, Shah (51–78)
• Vardanes II, Great King, Shah (55–58)
• Vologases II, Great King, Shah (77–80)
• Pacorus II, Great King, Shah (78–105)
• Artabanus IV, Great King, Shah (80–90)

• Adiabene (complete list) –

• Izates I, client King under Parthia (?–20s AD)[3]
• Monobaz I, client King under Parthia (20s–c.36)[4]
• Heleni, Queen (c.30–c.58)
• Izates bar Monobaz, client King under Parthia (c.36–55/59)
• Vologases I, a Parthian rebel opposing Izates II (c.50)
• Monobaz II, client King under Parthia (55/59–late 60s/mid-70s)[4]
• Meharaspes, client King under Parthia (?–116)

• Characene (complete list) –

• Attambelos II, client King under Parthia (c.17/16 BC–8/9 AD)
• Abinergaos I, client King under Parthia (10/11–22/23)
• Orabazes I, client King under Parthia (c.19)
• Attambelos III, client King under Parthia (c.37/38–44/45)
• Theonesios II, client King under Parthia (c.46/47)
• Theonesios III, client King under Parthia (c.52/53)
• Attambelos IV, client King under Parthia (54/55–64/65)
• Attambelos V, client King under Parthia (64/65–73/74)
• Orabazes II, client King under Parthia (c.73–80)
• Pakoros II, client King under Parthia (80–101/02)

• Elymais (complete list) –

• Kamnaskires VII, client King under Parthia (c.28 BC–c.1 AD)[5]
• Kamnaskires VIII, client King under Parthia (c.1–c.15 AD)[6]
• Kamnaskires IX, client King under Parthia (c.15–c.25)[7]
• Orodes I, client King under Parthia (c.25–c.50)
• Orodes II, client King under Parthia (c.50–c.70)
• Phraates, client King under Parthia (c.70–c.90)[8]
• Orodes III, client King under Parthia (c.90–c.100)[9]
• Kamnaskires-Orodes, client King under Parthia (c.100–c.120)[10]

• Siraces –

• Zorsines, King (fl. 41–49)

Roman Asia

• Kingdom of Cappadocia (complete list) –

• Archelaus, client King under Rome (36 BC–17 AD)

• Judea: Herodian dynasty (complete list) –

• Herod the Great, client King under Rome (37–4 BC)
• Herod Archelaus, client Ethnarch of Judaea under Rome (4 BC–6 AD)
• Herod Antipas, client Tetrarch of Galilee under Rome (4 BC–39 AD)
• Philip the Tetrarch (or Herod Philip II), client Tetrarch of Iturea, Trachonitis, and Batanaea under Rome (4 BC–34 AD)
• Salome I, client Toparch of Jabneh under Rome (4 BC–10 AD)
• Herod Agrippa I

• client King of Batanaea under Rome (37–41)
• client King of Galilee under Rome (40–41)
• client King of all Judaea under Rome (41–44)

• Herod of Chalcis, client Tetrarch of Chalcis under Rome (41–48)
• Herod Agrippa II

• client Tetrarch of Chalcis under Rome (48–53)
• client Tetrarch of Batanaea under Rome (53–c.92)

• Aristobulus of Chalcis

• Client king of Armenia Minor under Rome (55–72)
• Client tetrarch of Chalcis under Rome (57–92)

• Kingdom of Pontus (complete list) –

• Pythodorida, client queen under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
• Polemon II, client King under Rome (38–64)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

• Bosporan Kingdom (complete list) –

• Aspurgus, client King under Rome (8 BC–38 AD)
• Mithridates III, client King under Rome (38–46)
• Cotys I, client King under Rome (46–63)
• Incorporated as a part of the Roman Province of Moesia Inferior (63–68)
• Rhescuporis I, client King under Rome (68–90)
• Sauromates I, client King under Rome (90–123)

• Dacia (complete list) –

• Comosicus, King (44 BC–28 AD)[11]
• Scorilo, King (c.28–68 AD)[11]
• Duras, King (68–87)[12]
• Decebalus, King (87–106)[13][14]

• Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

• Rhoemetalces I, client King of Thrace under Rome (12 BC–12 AD)
• Rhescuporis II, client King of western Thrace under Rome (12–19)
• Cotys III, client King of eastern Thrace under Rome (12–18)
• Rhoemetalces II, client King of Thrace under Rome (19–38)
• Rhoemetalces III, client King of Thrace under Rome (38–46)

Europe: British Isles

• Brigantes –

• Cartimandua, Queen (43–69)
• Venutius, King (?–c.52, 69–?)
• Vellocatus, King (c.52–c.69)

• Cantiaci –

• Vodenos, King (?–15)
• Eppillus, King (15–?)

• Catuvellauni (complete list) –

• Tasciovanus, King (c.20 BC–9 AD)
• Cunobelinus, King (9–40 AD)
• Togodumnus, King (?–43)
• Caratacus, King (?–c.50)

• Corieltauvi –

• Volisios, King (c.45)
• Dumnocoveros, Sub-king under Volisios (c.45)
• Dubnovellaunus, Sub-king under Volisios (c.45)
• Cartivelios, Sub-king under Volisios (c.45)

• Iceni –

• Can, King (?–25)
• Antedios, King (25–40s)
• Prasutagus, King (47–60)
• Boudica, Queen (60–61)

• Regnenses –

• Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus, King (43–?)

Europe: Central

• Marcomanni (complete list) –

• Maroboduus, King (9 BC–19 AD)

Europe: Southcentral

• Roman Empire: Principate (complete list) –

• Augustus/ Octavian, Principate, Emperor (27 BC–14 AD)
• Tiberius, Principate, Emperor (14–37)
• Gaius "Caligula", Emperor (37–41)
• Claudius, Emperor (41–54)
• Nero, Emperor (54–68)
• Galba, Emperor (68–69)
• Otho, Emperor (69)
• Vitellius, Emperor (69)
• Vespasian, Emperor (69–79)
• Titus, Emperor (79–81)
• Domitian, Emperor (81–96)
• Nerva, Emperor (96–98)
• Trajan, Emperor (98–117)

• See also: List of Roman consuls

Europe: West

• Atrebates (complete list) –

• Tincomarus, client King of Thrace under Rome (c.20 BC–7 AD)
• Eppillus, client King of Thrace under Rome (8–15)
• Verica, client King of Thrace under Rome (15–40)

• Batavians –

• Gaius Julius Civilis, Leader (?–c.70)

Eurasia: Caucasus

• Kingdom of Armenia (complete list) –

• Ariobarzanes II, client King under Rome (2 BC–4 AD)
• Artavasdes III, client King under Rome (4–6)
• Tigranes V, client King under Rome (6–12)
• Interregnum under Parthia
• Artaxias III, client King under Rome (18–35)
• Arsaces I, client King under Parthia (35)
• Orodes, client King under Parthia (35, 37–42)
• Mithridates, client King under Rome (35–37, 42–51)
• Rhadamistus, client King under Rome (51–53, 53–54)
• Tiridates I, client King under Rome (53)

• Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli) (complete list) –

• Arshak II, King (20 BC–1 AD)
• Pharasmanes I, the Great, King (1–58 AD)
• Mihrdat I, King (58–106)

References

1. Rajesh Kumar Singh (2013). Ajanta Paintings: 86 Panels of Jatakas and Other Themes. Hari Sena. pp. 15–16. ISBN 9788192510750.
2. Salomon, Richard (1996). "An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (3). University of Washington. p. 418. JSTOR 605147.
5. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XII and XIII.
6. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires XIV and XV.
7. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Late Kamnaskires Successors types 1, 2 and 3.
8. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Phraates I, II and III.
9. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Orodes III and IV.
10. According to Pakzadian, 2007: Kamnaskires-Orodes I and II.
11. Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 72, "At least two of his successors Comosicus and Scorillo/Corilus/Scoriscus became high priests and eventually Dacian, Kings"
12. Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization by Ioana A Oltean, 2007, page 47
13. De Imperatoribus Romanis . Retrieved 2007-11-08. "In the year 88, the Romans resumed the offensive. The Roman troops were now led by the general Tettius Julianus. The battle took place again at Tapae but this time the Romans defeated the Dacians. For fear of falling into a trap, Iulianus abandoned his plans of conquering Sarmizegetuza and, at the same time, Decebalus asked for peace. At first, Domitian refused this request, but after he was defeated in a war in Pannonia against the Marcomanni (a Germanic tribe), the emperor was obliged to accept the peace."
14. De Imperatoribus Romanis . Retrieved 2007-11-08.