List of the largest libraries in the United States

The size of libraries in the United States is determined by a number of metrics, including number of holdings (in terms of volumes or titles held), by circulation (i.e., library materials checked out or renewed); or by number of library visits.[1]

The Library of Congress is the largest library in the United States. Above, the Library of Congress' Thomas Jefferson Building.

The largest public library in the United States—and the second largest library in the world—is the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which is the de facto national library of the United States.[2] It holds more than 167 million items, including "more than 39 million books and other printed materials, 3.6 million recordings, 14.8 million photographs, 5.5 million maps, 8.1 million pieces of sheet music and 72 million manuscripts."[3] Other than the Library of Congress, the largest public library in the United States is the New York Public Library, while the largest research library in the United States is the Harvard Library.

Comparing the size of public libraries with research libraries (such as academic libraries) is complicated by the different definition of holdings or volumes used. The Association of Research Libraries uses the National Information Standards Organization definition of volume, which is "A single physical unit of any printed, typewritten, handwritten, mimeographed, or processed work, distinguished from other units by a separate binding, encasement, portfolio, or other clear distinction, which has been cataloged, classified, and made ready for use, and which is typically the unit used to charge circulation transactions."[4] In contrast, the Public Library Data Service Statistical Report (a publication of the Public Library Association, which is a division of the American Library Association) defines holdings as "the number of cataloged items (number of items, number of titles) plus paperbacks and videocassettes even if uncataloged."[4]

Largest public libraries by total collections

The American Library Association has published data on the size of 25 largest public libraries in the United States. These data are from the Institute of Museum and Library Services's Public Libraries Survey (PLS) for fiscal year 2016. The largest public libraries in the U.S. are far larger than the median public library in the country; almost four-fifths of U.S. public libraries serve areas with populations of fewer than 25,000.[1]

"Total collection" consists of print material, electronic books, audio materials, and video materials, each of which is a particular "data element" defined in the PLS. Print materials include printed books, serial music, and maps, including duplicates; electronic books include digital documents include e-books and digitized documents, including duplicates; "audio materials" include both physical audio files (such as cassette tapes, audioreels, CD-ROMs, and talking books) and downloadable units; and "video materials" similarly includes both physical video materials (such as videotape and DVD) and downloadable video files.[5]

Rank	Library	Area served	Total collection (FY 2016)
1	New York Public Library	Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island, New York	25,271,223
2	Public Library of Cincinnati and Hamilton County	Hamilton County, Ohio	11,721,430
3	Boston Public Library	Boston, Massachusetts	8,197,010
4	Los Angeles Public Library	Los Angeles, California	6,735,561
5	Chicago Public Library	Chicago, Illinois	5,949,251
6	County of Los Angeles Public Library	Los Angeles County, California	5,779,843
7	Queens Borough Public Library	Queens, New York	5,670,563
8	San Diego Public Library	San Diego, California	5,272,779
9	Dallas Public Library	Dallas, Texas	5,155,647
10	Hennepin County Library	Hennepin County, Minnesota	4,895,312
11	Dayton Metro Library	Dayton, Ohio	4,719,674
12	Detroit Public Library	Detroit, Michigan	4,394,193
13	King County Library System	King County, Washington	3,967,872
14	Cleveland Public Library	Cleveland, Ohio	3,946,416
15	Cuyahoga County Public Library	Cuyahoga County, Ohio	3,661,264
16	Brooklyn Public Library	Brooklyn, New York	3,660,532
17	Miami-Dade Public Library System	Miami-Dade County, Florida	3,626,153
18	Allen County Public Library	Allen County, Indiana	2,450,882
19	Hawaii State Public Library System	Hawaii	3,403,577
20	City of St. Louis Municipal Library District	St. Louis, Missouri	3,281,380
21	Broward County Libraries Division	Broward County, Florida	3,194,345
22	San Francisco Public Library	City and County of San Francisco, California	3,122,259
23	Houston Public Library	Houston, Texas	3,084,633
24	Las Vegas-Clark County Library District	Clark County, Nevada	3,041,019
25	Atlanta Fulton Public Library System	Atlanta, Georgia	2,951,414

Largest research libraries

The Association of Research Libraries (ARL), a consortium of U.S. and Canada research libraries, reports statistical data on its 124 members (of which 114 are academic libraries within universities and 10 are non-academic research libraries). The ten non-university institutions in the ARL are the Boston Public Library, National Research Council Canada National Science Library, Center for Research Libraries, Library of Congress, National Agricultural Library, National Archives, National Library of Medicine, New York Public Library, New York State Library, and Smithsonian Libraries.

The following volume figures for the largest 20 U.S. and Canada research libraries by volume were reported in ARL Statistics, 2015-16, published in 2018. Some ARL member libraries include the holdings of law libraries, medical libraries, and branch campuses in their reported statistics; others do not.[6]

25 largest research libraries by volumes held

The following are the 25 ARL members with the largest number of volumes held.[7] ARL uses the ANSI/NISO Z39.7-2004 definition of "volume": "a single physical unit of any printed, typewritten, handwritten, mimeographed, or processed work, distinguished from other units by a separate binding, encasement, portfolio, or other clear distinction, which has been catalogued, classified, and made ready for use."[8] Microform, maps, and "electronic serials and other virtual serial volumes" are excluded from the volume count, but e-book units are included.[9]

Rank	Library	Institution	Volumes (2015-16)
1	Harvard Library	Harvard University	20,870,706
2	University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign University Library	University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign	14,569,260
3	University of Michigan Library	University of Michigan	14,194,430
4	Yale University Library	Yale University	13,889,206
5	Columbia University Libraries	Columbia University	13,594,821
6	University of California, Los Angeles Library	University of California, Los Angeles	12,421,635
7	University of California, Berkeley Libraries	University of California, Berkeley	12,022,996
8	University of Texas Libraries	University of Texas at Austin	11,524,951
9	University of Chicago Library	University of Chicago	11,253,997
10	Indiana University Libraries	Indiana University	10,369,750
11	Princeton University Library	Princeton University	10,336,123
12	University of Wisconsin–Madison	University of Wisconsin	10,061,485
13	Cornell University Library	Cornell University	9,575,046
14	Ohio State University Libraries	Ohio State University	9,397,540
15	UNC Chapel Hill Libraries	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill	9,197,350
16	University of Washington Libraries	University of Washington	9,021,092
17	Pennsylvania State University Libraries	Pennsylvania State University	8,068,792
18	Duke University Libraries	Duke University	8,047,108
19	University of Iowa Libraries	University of Iowa	7,799,303
20	The Penn Libraries	University of Pennsylvania	7,778,224
21	University of Arizona Libraries	University of Arizona	7,467,238
22	University of Minnesota Libraries	University of Minnesota	7,393,465
23	University of Pittsburgh Library System	University of Pittsburgh	7,373,565

25 largest research libraries by titles held

The following are the 25 ARL members with the largest number of titles held,[10] "including catalogued, locally digitized, and licensed" titles.[11] ARL follows the ANSI/NISO Z39.7-2004 definition of "title": "The designation of a separate bibliographic whole, whether issued in one or several volumes...Titles are defined according to the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. A book or serial title may be distinguished from other titles by its unique International Standard Book Number (ISBN) or International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)."[12] Multiple copies of the same work (for example, subscriptions to the same publication) are counted as a single title, but a serial title available in multiple formats (for example, print and online) are counted once for each available format.[13]

Rank	Library	Institution	Titles Held (2015-16)
1	Harvard Library	Harvard University	14,852,253
2	University of California, Los Angeles Library	University of California, Los Angeles	13,812,990
3	Yale University Library	Yale University	11,200,907
4	University of California, Berkeley Libraries	University of California, Berkeley	9,572,771
5	Columbia University Libraries	Columbia University	9,568,363
6	University of Michigan Library	University of Michigan	9,197,263
7	University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign University Library	University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign	8,857,980
8	University of California, Santa Barbara Library	University of California, Santa Barbara	8,147,213
9	University of Wisconsin–Madison	University of Wisconsin	8,125,395
10	Michigan State University Libraries	Michigan State University	7,800,120
11	Indiana University Libraries	Indiana University	7,784,339
12	Princeton University Library	Princeton University	7,759,990
13	Cornell University Library	Cornell University	7,571,682
14	University of Chicago Library	University of Chicago	7,408,866
15	University of Texas Libraries	University of Texas at Austin	6,642,492
16	Duke University Libraries	Duke University	6,348,148
17	Pennsylvania State University Libraries	Pennsylvania State University	6,318,518
18	Ohio State University Libraries	Ohio State University	6,300,022
19	University of British Columbia Library	University of British Columbia	6,079,421
20	University of Pittsburgh Library System	University of Pittsburgh	6,027,418
21	New York University Libraries	New York University	5,945,478
22	Northwestern University Library	Northwestern University	5,919,159
23	LSU Libraries	Louisiana State University	5,855,226
24	University of Iowa Libraries	University of Iowa	5,818,670

See also

• Books in the United States
• List of largest libraries

References

1. The Nation's Largest Public Libraries: Home, American Library Association (last accessed December 24, 2018).
2. James H. Billington, Library of Congress, Encyclopedia Britannica.
3. Fascinating Facts, Library of Congress (last accessed December 24, 2018).
4. The Nation's Largest Libraries: A Listing By Volumes Held (ALA Library Fact Sheet Number 22). American Library Association] (October 2012).
5. State Characteristics Data Element Definitions, Institute of Museum and Library Services (FY 2016).
6. Shaneka Morris & Gary Roebuck, ARL Statistics, 2015-16, Association of Research Libraries (2018).
7. Morris & Roebuck (2018), p. 46.
8. Morris & Roebuck (2018), p. 61.
9. Morris & Roebuck (2018), p. 61.
10. Morris & Roebuck (2018), p. 47.
11. Morris & Roebuck (2018), p. 60.
12. Morris & Roebuck (2018), p. 60.
13. Morris & Roebuck (2018), p. 60.