List of titular churches
In the Catholic Church, a member of the clergy who is created a cardinal is assigned a titular church in Rome, Italy. These are Catholic churches in the city, under the Diocese of Rome, that serve as honorary designations symbolising the relationship of cardinals to the pope, the bishop of Rome.[1] According to the 1983 Code of Canon Law, a cardinal may assist his titular church through counsel or through patronage, although "he has no power of governance over it, and he should not for any reason interfere in matters concerning the administration of its good, or its discipline, or the service of the church".[2]
There are two ranks of titular churches: titles and deaconries. A title (Latin: titulus) is a titular church that is assigned to a cardinal priest (a member of the second order of the College of Cardinals), whereas a deaconry (Latin: diaconia) is normally assigned to a cardinal deacon (a member of the third order of the college).[2] If a cardinal priest or a cardinal deacon is later appointed a cardinal bishop (a member of the first order of the college), he is typically transferred from his titular church to the vacant title of a suburbicarian diocese in the vicinity of Rome.[lower-alpha 1] Patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches who are created cardinal bishops are not assigned titles of suburbicarian dioceses.[2]
A cardinal may request that he be transferred to another titular church in a consistory; in addition, when a cardinal deacon opts to become a cardinal priest (usually after ten years), he may request either that his deaconry be elevated pro hac vice ('for this occasion') to a title or that he be transferred from his deaconry to a vacant title.[2] Other churches in Rome can also be established as new titular churches. Occasionally, a titular church may be held in commendam ('in trust') by a cardinal who has been transferred to a different titular church or to a suburbicarian diocese.[5]
As of 13 January 2021, there are 237 current titular churches, 168 of which are titles and 69 of which are deaconries. Additionally, there are 25 historical titular churches that have been suppressed (indicated with italics below, where the church's status as a title or as a deaconry has been removed or transferred to another church; this includes those that were later re-established as titular churches of another rank) and 7 suburbicarian dioceses. Currently, 18 titular churches (10 titles and 8 deaconries) are vacant. The statuses of 59 titular churches (45 titles, 13 deaconries and 2 suppressed deaconries)[lower-alpha 2] as basilicas are also indicated.
Location key
In the tables below, the locations given indicate either the historical non-administrative subdivision of Rome (if located within the city) or the comune (if located outside the city) in which a particular titular church or a particular cathedral of a suburbicarian diocese is situated. Locations in the former case contain a one-letter abbreviation denoting the type of subdivision; outwards from historic centre of Rome, the subdivision types are generally arranged as follows, as depicted in the map:
- Rione (R.), plural rioni
- Quartiere (Q.), plural quartieri
- Suburbio (S.), plural suburbi
- Zona (Z.), plural zone
Locations for suburbicarian dioceses also contain a two-letter abbreviation denoting either the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital (RM) or the Province of Rieti (RI); both are provinces of the Italian region of Lazio. The city of Rome itself is a comune of the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital.
Titles
As of 13 January 2021, there are 168 titles, 10 of which are vacant.
Deaconries
As of 28 November 2020, there are 69 deaconries, 8 of which are vacant.
Suppressed titular churches
There are 25 suppressed titular churches, 15 of which were titles and 10 of which were deaconries. All suppressed titular churches are extant and functional as regular Catholic churches, unless otherwise indicated.
Suppressed titles
Title | Location | Suppressed | Notes | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sant'Agnese in Agone | R. Parione 41.8988°N 12.4726°E |
5 October 1654 | Title transferred to Sant'Agnese fuori le mura; now the deaconry of Sant'Agnese in Agone | [280] |
Sant'Apollinare | R. Ponte 41.9010°N 12.4736°E |
13 April 1587 | Title transferred to San Biagio dell'Anello; now the deaconry of Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine | [281] |
Santa Barbara | R. Parione 41.8949°N 12.4738°E |
13 April 1587 | [281] | |
San Biagio dell'Anello | R. Sant'Eustachio | 17 October 1616 | Demolished; title transferred to San Carlo ai Catinari | [282][283] |
San Carlo ai Catinari | R. Sant'Eustachio 41.8943°N 12.4752°E |
6 October 1627 | Title transferred to San Carlo al Corso; now the deaconry of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari | [284] |
San Carlo al Corso | R. Campo Marzio 41.9054°N 12.4779°E |
5 September 1639 | Now the title of Santi Ambrogio e Carlo | [285] |
San Cesareo in Palatio | R. San Saba 41.8786°N 12.4970°E |
13 April 1587 | Now the deaconry of San Cesareo in Palatio | [281] |
San Ciriaco alle Terme Diocleziane | R. Castro Pretorio | 13 April 1587 | Demolished; title transferred to Santi Quirico e Giulitta | [281] |
Sant'Eufemia | R. Monti | 13 April 1587 | Demolished | [281] |
San Matteo in Merulana | R. Esquilino | 23 December 1801 | Demolished; title transferred to Santa Maria della Vittoria | [286] |
San Nicola fra le Immagini | R. Monti | 13 April 1587 | Demolished | [281] |
San Salvatore in Lauro | R. Ponte 41.9008°N 12.4695°E |
19 May 1670 | Title transferred to San Bernardo alle Terme; now the deaconry of San Salvatore in Lauro | [287] |
San Simeone Profeta | R. Ponte 41.9011°N 12.4707°E |
13 April 1587 | Deconsecrated | [281] |
San Tommaso in Parione | R. Parione 41.8986°N 12.4705°E |
18 December 1937 | Title transferred to Santa Maria in Vallicella | [288] |
San Trifone | R. Campo Marzio | 13 April 1587 | Demolished | [281] |
Suppressed deaconries
Deaconry | Location | Suppressed | Notes | Ref(s). |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sant'Adriano al Foro | R. Campitelli 41.8930°N 12.4854°E |
25 January 1946 | Deconsecrated; deaconry transferred to San Paolo alla Regola | [289] |
San Giovanni Battista Decollato | R. Ripa 41.8899°N 12.4818°E |
2013 | [lower-alpha 12] | |
Santa Lucia in Septisolio | R. Campitelli | 13 April 1587 | Demolished | [281] |
Santa Lucia in Silice[lower-alpha 13] | R. Monti 41.8947°N 12.4965°E |
13 April 1587 | [281] | |
Santa Maria ad Martyres (basilica) | R. Pigna 41.8986°N 12.4768°E |
26 May 1929 | Deaconry transferred to Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine | [290] |
Santa Maria in Portico Octaviae | R. Sant'Angelo | 26 June 1662 | Demolished; deaconry transferred to Santa Maria in Portico [Campitelli] | [291] |
Santa Maria Nuova (basilica) | R. Campitelli 41.8912°N 12.4888°E |
8 August 1661 | Deaconry transferred to Santa Maria della Scala; now the title of Santa Maria Nuova | [292] |
Sant'Onofrio | R. Trastevere 41.8973°N 12.4612°E |
13 April 1587 | Now the title of Sant'Onofrio | [281] |
Santi Sergio e Bacco | R. Campitelli | 13 April 1587 | Demolished | [281] |
San Teodoro | R. Campitelli 41.8905°N 12.4848°E |
2004 | Use of the church granted to the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Malta | [293] |
Suburbicarian dioceses
There are seven suburbicarian dioceses, in the vicinity of Rome, the titles of which are assigned to the six cardinal bishops (excluding cardinals who are additionally co-opted into the order and cardinals who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs). These do not form part of the Diocese of Rome, but are separate suffragan dioceses within its ecclesiastical province, with territory generally lying outside the city's boundaries. Suburbicarian dioceses are not titular churches per se, but are similar in function, in that they serve as honorary titular assignments for cardinals. Since 1914, the title of Ostia has been assigned ex officio to the dean of the College of Cardinals, in addition to that of his first suburbicarian diocese when originally appointed a cardinal bishop.[2][294] The respective patriarchates of the three current cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs are considered to be their titles.[lower-alpha 14][2][298]
As of 1 May 2020, there are no vacant titles of suburbicarian dioceses.
Notes
- On occasion, cardinal priests or cardinal deacons may also be "co-opted" as cardinal bishops, without being transferred from their titular churches, which effectively become equivalent to suburbicarian dioceses pro hac vice ('for this occasion') in their own right. This first occurred on 28 June 2018, with four titular churches becoming of suburbicarian rank, as a result of their associated cardinals being co-opted as cardinal bishops.[3] This procedure was used a second time on 1 May 2020, with one titular church becoming of suburbicarian rank.[4]
- The basilica of Santa Maria Nuova is both a title and a suppressed deaconry.
- For non-vacant titular churches or suburbicarian dioceses, this column indicates when it was assigned to its present cardinal; unless otherwise stated, this also corresponds to the date of the consistory in which the cardinal was created.
- Formerly known as Sant'Alessio
- Formerly known as Santi Filippo e Giacomo
- Formerly known as San Girolamo degli Schiavoni
- Formerly known as San Martino ai Monti
- Formerly known as San Vitale
- Formerly known as Sant'Agata alla Suburra
- Formerly known as Santa Maria d'Itria ai Tritone
- Formerly known as San Vito in Macello Martyrum and as Santi Vito e Modesto in Macello Martyrum
- No longer listed in the Annuario Pontificio since 2013
- Formerly known as Santa Lucia in Orphea
- As of 12 May 2019:
- Antonios Naguib, Patriarchate of Alexandria (Coptic), since 20 November 2010 (patriarch from 30 March 2006 to 15 January 2013)[49][295]
- Béchara Boutros Raï OMM, Patriarchate of Antioch (Maronite), since 24 November 2012 (patriarch since 15 March 2011)[64][296]
- Louis Raphaël I Sako, Patriarchate of Babylon (Chaldean), since 28 June 2018 (patriarch since 31 January 2013)[38][297]
- Formerly known as Ostia–Velletri (before split)
- Ex officio as Dean of the College of Cardinals
- Formerly known as Porto (before merger) and as Porto e Santa Rufina
- Formerly known as Sabina (before merger) and as Sabina e Poggio Mirteto
- Formerly known as Velletri (before merger) and as Velletri e Segni
- Created a cardinal on 21 October 2003; transferred from the deaconry of San Michele Arcangelo
- Of suburbicarian rank pro hac vice since 1 May 2020
- Of suburbicarian rank pro hac vice since 28 June 2018
- Held in commendam since 10 January 1994
- Created a cardinal on 21 February 1998; transferred from the deaconry of Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola
- Created a cardinal on 25 May 1985; transferred from the deaconry of Sant'Eugenio
- Created a cardinal on 25 May 1985; transferred from the deaconry of Gesù Buon Pastore alla Montagnola
- Originally created a cardinal in pectore on 21 February 1998
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 21 February 2011
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 19 May 2018; of suburbicarian rank pro hac vice since 28 June 2018
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 19 May 2018
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 20 May 2006
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 12 June 2014
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 20 June 2016
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 26 February 2002
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 9 January 1999
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 24 February 2009
- Elevated pro hac vice to a title on 1 March 2008
- Created a cardinal on 28 June 1991; transferred from the title of Santa Maria Nuova
- Created a cardinal on 21 October 2003; transferred from the deaconry (elevated pro illa vice to a title) of Santa Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana
- Created a cardinal on 21 February 2001; transferred from the title of Santi XII Apostoli
- Created a cardinal on 21 February 2001; transferred from the deaconry of Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore
- Created a cardinal on 22 February 2014; transferred from the deaconry of Santi Cosma e Damiano
- Created a cardinal on 25 May 1985; transferred from the deaconry (elevated pro illa vice to a title on 29 January 1996) of San Giovanni della Pigna
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External links
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