Llangennech derailment

On 26 August 2020 a freight train carrying diesel fuel and gas oil in tank wagons derailed at Morlais Junction, Llangennech, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Some of the derailed wagons caught fire, leading to an evacuation of people living nearby. There was widespread contamination from the spilled fuel. The clean-up operation was described by Natural Resources Wales as the most challenging since the Sea Empress oil spill in 1996. The accident was caused by defective brakes on a wagon causing an axle to seize, which in turn caused deformation of the track under the train as it travelled over a set of points.

A train of tank wagons, behind a Class 60 locomotive, similar to that involved in the accident
Details
Date	26 August 2020 ~23:15 BST (22:15 UTC)
Location	Llangennech, Carmarthenshire
Country	United Kingdom
Line	Swansea District Line
Operator	DB Cargo
Service	6A11 21:52 Robeston to Theale
Incident type	Derailment and fire
Cause	Defective brakes on a wagon causing axle seizure which led to track deformation under the train
Statistics
Trains	1
Crew	2
Injured	0
Damage	2 wagons damaged beyond repair, 250 metres (270 yd) track destroyed. Severe contamination of local area by oil.

Accident

At about 23:15 BST (22:15 UTC), the 6A11 21:52 Robeston Sidings (Milford Haven) - Theale freight train derailed and caught fire at Morlais Junction, near Llangennech, Carmarthenshire.[1][2][3] The train, operated by DB Cargo, comprised a Class 60 locomotive 60062 Stainless Pioneer and 25 tank wagons,[3] each carrying up to 100 tonnes of diesel and gas oil. The third to twelfth wagons derailed.[2] The train was travelling at 48 kilometres per hour (30 mph) at the time of the derailment.[4] There were no injuries reported amongst the two train crew.[5] Following the accident, the locomotive and first two wagons stopped 180 metres (200 yd) from the burning wreckage. The locomotive was uncoupled from the wagons and moved to safety.[4] Class 66 locomotive 66004 moved the wagons at the tail of the train away from the scene of the fire.[3] A large number of emergency services and local authority personnel attended the scene. The British Transport Police, Dyfed-Powys Police, Carmarthenshire County Council, Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service and Natural Resources Wales (NRW) all sent personnel.[6] Fourteen fire appliances, a foam tender and a high pressure pump attended the fire, which was expected to burn for several days. By the evening of 27 August, six of the appliances had been withdrawn.[7] The fire was extinguised at 08:30 on 28 August, having burnt for 33 hours.[8] Control of the site was then handed over to the British Transport Police (BTP) and Network Rail (NR).[9] Once BTP had established that the derailment was accidental, they passed control to the Office of Rail and Road (ORR).[10]

Dyfed-Powys Police set up a 800-metre (870 yd) radius exclusion zone, and about 300 local residents were evacuated from their homes.[11] They were later allowed to return.[5] The railway between Llanelli and Shrewsbury was closed. Buses were laid on to replace passenger trains between those stations, with journey taking more than 6 hours.[12] The A4138 road was closed, to be reopened by midday, and the B4297 was also closed.[5][11] Local road disruption was expected to last for several days. This was the first major accident involving a tanker train fire in the United Kingdom since the Summit Tunnel fire on 20 December 1984,[lower-alpha 1] and the second derailment and fire in two weeks, following the Stonehaven derailment.[1][14] The derailment destroyed track over a distance of 250 metres (270 yd) and also destroyed signalling cables in the area.[15] On 6 September, it was claimed by Member of the Senedd and Deputy Transport Minister Lee Waters that the railway could be closed until December 2020.[12] NR subsequently said the line would be closed until January 2021.[15]

NRW said a significant volume of diesel had been spilled.[lower-alpha 2] Some flowing into the River Loughor, the estuary of which is a designated SSSI and a wildlife conservation area.[8] Work to contain the spill commenced on 28 August. Local cockle and other shellfish picking was suspended following the spill on advice from the Food Standards Agency.[16] By 1 September, diesel had spread as far as Crofty, Glamorgan, about 4 ¹⁄₂ miles (7 km) from the site of the derailment.[17] Shellfish picking resumed in mid-October.[18] Work to remove 12,000 cubic metres (16,000 cu yd) of contaminated soil from the site began in December.[19]

The undamaged wagons were removed from the site on 31 August.[20] Those at the front of the train were taken to Margam, whilst those at the rear were taken to Llandeilo Junction.[3] Work to recover the derailed wagons started on 1 September, with the aim of recovering two wagons a day.[17] Two of the derailed wagons were cut up in situ. The rest were lifted by a rail crane and removed by road, with the last wagon being removed on 8 September.[15]

By 1 February 2021, the £60m clean-up operation was nearing completion, with the work scheduled to be complete by the end of February. NRW said that the recovery opeation was the most challenging event since the Sea Empress oil spill in 1996. Monitoring of the area affected by the oil spill would continue until 2026.[21]

Investigations

The BTP, ORR and Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) opened investigations into the accident.[5][22] The BTP ruled out criminal activity as a cause of the derailment.[10]

The damaged wheel, with flat spot and false flange. Note that the wagon is on its side.

On 21 September 2020, the RAIB released an update about their investigation. It had been found that at some point on the journey, the brakes on the third wagon had become applied. The leading axle of the front bogie had seized, causing a 230 mm (9-inch) flat spot to develop on one of the wheels, along with a false flange. As the train traversed a set of points, the wheel distorted the track under the train, causing the derailment.[4] The wagon had run for more than 12 miles (19 km) in this condition. The brakes had become applied due to a fault with the mounting of a relay valve on the wagon.[23] On 30 October 2017, the brakes on a wagon of a tanker train from Robeston had seized causing a severe flat spot, before the axle became free again. Track between Carmarthen Junction and the Llangyfelach Tunnel, a distance of 72.2 kilometres (44.9 mi), was severely damaged.[24] On 5 November, the RAIB released an Urgent Safety Advice notice relating to the maintenance of wagons used primarily for the carriage of dangerous goods.[23]

References

1. Hewitt, Sam. "Llangennech diesel train catches fire after derailing". The Railway Hub. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
2. "Derailment and fire involving a tanker train at Llangennech". Rail Accident Investigation Branch. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
3. Haigh, Philip (9 September 2020). "Residents evacuated as oil train fire closes Welsh lines". Rail. Peterborough: Bauer Media Group. pp. 6–7. ISSN 0953-4563.
4. "Derailment and fire involving a tanker train at Llangennech - updated 21/09/2020". Rail Accident Investigation Branch. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
5. "Llangennech diesel train catches fire after derailing". BBC News Online. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
6. "Homes evacuated after 'large diesel train' catches fire near Llanelli". Sky News. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
7. "Fire on derailed diesel freight train 'could burn for days'". Shropshire Star. MNA. 27 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
8. "Llangennech train fire: Environmental impact to be assessed". BBC News Online. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
9. "Train fire is now out, but now concerns surround pollution risk to Loughor Estuary". Pembrokeshire Herald. Herald News International Ltd. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
10. "Llangennech: 'No criminal intent' in train derailment that caused fire". BBC News Online. 30 August 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
11. "Major incident declared and homes evacuated after large diesel train catches fire in Llangennech". ITV News. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
12. "Llangennech rail crash could halt journeys for months". BBC News Online. 6 September 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
13. "Oil train fires". Rail. Peterborough: Bauer Media Group. 9 September 2020. p. 7. ISSN 0953-4563.
14. "Three dead after passenger train derails near Stonehaven". BBC News Online. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
15. High, Philip (23 September 2020). "Wagons and ballast removed after oil train derailment". rail. No. 914. Peterborough: Bauer Cosumer Media. p. 10. ISSN 0953-4563.
16. "Llangennech freight train fire and diesel spill". Natural Resources Wales. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
17. "Llangennech: Oil spill spreads for miles after train derailment". BBC News Online. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
18. "Llangennech oil spill: Cockle beds reopen after train crash". BBC News Online. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
19. "Work to remove diesel affected soils from the Llangennech fuel spill site has begun". Network Rail. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
20. "Clean up follows train derailment, as police rule out foul play". Pembrokeshire Herald. Herald News International Ltd. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
21. "Llangennech oil spill: Clean-up is 'biggest challenge since the Sea Empress'". BBC News Online. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
22. "Update into Llangennech train fire - Wales". British Transport Police. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
23. "Urgent Safety Advice 02/2020:Maintenance arrangements for wagons that primarily carry dangerous goods" (PDF). Rail Accident Investigation Branch. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
24. "Extensive track damage between Ferryside and Llangennech, Carmarthenshire 30 October 2017" (PDF). Rail Accident Investigation Branch. Retrieved 21 September 2020.

Notes

1. A fire occurred in one wagon of a tanker train that was derailed at Stewarton, Ayrshire on 27 January 2009 when a bridge collapsed under the train.[13]
2. 330,000 litres (73,000 imp gal) spilled, 116,000 litres (26,000 imp gal) burnt.[15]