MV Jupiter (1961)

MV Jupiter was a Greek-registered cruise ship that sank on 21 October 1988, within 40 minutes of leaving the Greek port of Piraeus. On board were 391 British schoolchildren and 84 adults on a study cruise and 110 crew. The disaster claimed the lives of one pupil, one teacher and two Greek crew members.

For other ships with the same name, see MV Jupiter.
History
Israel
Name: Moledet
Owner: ZIM Israel Navigation Company Ltd., Haifa
Port of registry: Haifa
Route: Haifa–Marseille
Builder: Ateliers et Chantiers de Bretagne, Nantes, France
Launched: 19 February 1961
Identification: Call sign: 4XXN
Fate: Sold, 28 September 1970
Greece
Name: Jupiter
Owner: Epirotiki Line
Acquired: 28 September 1970
In service: 7 May 1971
Identification: IMO number: 5239022
Fate: Sank, 21 October 1988
General characteristics (as built)[1]
Type: Passenger-cargo ship
Tonnage:
Length: 126.65 m (415 ft 6 in) o/a
Beam: 19.89 m (65 ft 3 in)
Draft: 6.45 m (21 ft 2 in)
Propulsion:
Speed: 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)

The ship

Jupiter was originally known as Moledet ("Fatherland") and was a passenger ship registered in the port of Haifa in 1961. The 7,810-tonne vessel was built for Zim (Israel Navigation Company Ltd) and sailed regular voyages around the Mediterranean.[1] In September 1970, Moledet was sold to Epirotiki Line, a Greek shipping company, and renamed Jupiter.[1]

Sinking of the Jupiter

On 21 October 1988, 391 schoolchildren aged 13–16 and their teachers boarded Jupiter at the Greek port of Piraeus at the start of a week-long educational cruise around the Mediterranean.[2]

Just 15 minutes after leaving port, the Jupiter was struck by an Italian freight ship, the Adige, that was entering port.[1] The collision tore a 4.5 metres (15 ft) by 12 metres (39 ft) hole in Jupiter's port side. Within 40 minutes (at 6:55 p.m.), the ship had sunk vertically and stern first in 82 metres (269 ft) of water.[2][3]

The lives of two passengers (a pupil and a teacher from the West Midlands) and two Greek crew members were lost. Around 70 people sustained injuries.[2][3]

Aftermath

In the immediate aftermath of the incident, the captain of the Italian ship was detained and Greek and Italian authorities each blamed the other party.[4] The subsequent court cases lasted almost eight years.[2]

The ship remained where she sank, 1.2 nautical miles from the port entrance at Piraeus. A significant oil leakage occurred in 1999, possibly following disturbance of the seabed by an earthquake, and was removed in a 43-day operation to protect the local marine environment.[5]

An Institute of Psychiatry report in 1999 focused on the experiences of the children and formed one of the largest studies of adolescent survivors of disasters when it was published.[2]

The impact on the young people was also recorded in a book called Jupiter’s Children, compiled by former schoolteacher and Jupiter survivor Mary Campion and published in 1998. Given the gravity of the incident, it was considered remarkable that all but one schoolchild survived, but in an interview in The Independent, Mary Campion suggested that their behaviour may have been a contributory factor: "Schoolchildren are accustomed to obeying orders and those aboard did so without argument. They are used to being in a crowd, being controlled by adults, without questioning at the time, and to moving frequently in a school day in large numbers without pushing, jostling or hurting each other."[2]

Writing in the newsletter of the group Disaster Action in 2010, Campion said that although the case had set a number of legal precedents in UK law and had changed safety regulations for passengers on ships, many of the survivors were suffering from post traumatic stress disorder in the aftermath and did not receive the treatment they needed. She added that a Facebook page for Jupiter Survivors established in 2009 had revealed that many people were still adversely affected two decades on.[6]

Trivia
  • The MV Adige was still in service as a car carrier until she was scrapped in 2001.

References
  1. "Hebrew Shipping Database - Moledet". Israeli National Maritime Museum. 2014. Archived from the original on 24 October 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  2. Tester, Nick (10 October 1998). "Forty minutes that changed everything". The Independent. London: INM. ISSN 0951-9467. OCLC 185201487. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
  3. "School cruise turned into fight for survival". Gravesend Reporter. 23 October 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  4. "Captain Accused of Ramming Cruise Ship". Deseret News. 23 October 1988. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
  5. Mamaloukas-Frangoulis, Vassilios; Polychronopoulos, Helen; Ploumitsakos, Kostas; Volakis, Stelios (March 2001). "The Successful Oil Removal Operation from the Sunken Vessel Jupiter in Greece". Proceedings of the 2001 International Oil Spill Conference (2): 1395–1397.
  6. "Newsletter" (PDF). Disaster Action. Spring 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 8, 2013.

Further reading
  • Campion, Mary (1998). Jupiter's Children. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-085323753-2.

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