Mankayan

Mankayan, officially the Municipality of Mankayan (Kankanaey: Ilin di Mankayan; Ilocano: Ili ti Mankayan; Tagalog: Bayan ng Mankayan), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Benguet, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 35,953 people. [3]

Mankayan
Municipality
Municipality of Mankayan
Seal
Motto(s): 
North to the Future of Benguet
Map of Benguet with Mankayan highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Mankayan
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 16°52′N 120°47′E
Country Philippines
RegionCordillera Administrative Region (CAR)
ProvinceBenguet
DistrictLone District
Founded1955
Barangays12 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Bayan
 • MayorFrenzel A. Ayong
 • Vice MayorJoseph Denver B. Tongacan
 • RepresentativeNestor B. Fongwan
 • Electorate20,852 voters (2019)
Area
 [2]
 • Total130.48 km2 (50.38 sq mi)
Elevation
1,338 m (4,390 ft)
Population
 (2015 census) [3]
 • Total35,953
 • Density280/km2 (710/sq mi)
 • Households
8,062
Economy
 • Income class1st municipal income class
 • Poverty incidence9.34% (2015)[4]
 • Revenue₱108,592,407.19 (2016)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
2608
PSGC
141111000
IDD : area code +63 (0)74
Climate typetropical rainforest climate
Native languagesKankanaey
Ibaloi
Ilocano
Tagalog

The municipality is known as a mining town, being the location of several mines, including the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company.[5][6]

Etymology

The name "Mankayan" is derived from Nancayan, the Hispanic term of the native name of the place, Nangkayang (which means "high up in the mountain").[5][6]

History

Pre-colonial period

Nangkayang was once a heavily-forested area. The natives of the surrounding settlements of Panat and Bag-ongan mined gold through the labon system, after its reported discovery in a river. Copper was later discovered by the end of the 16th century in Kamangga-an (location of present-day Lepanto).[6]

Spanish period

By the 1800s, the Spanish colonial government sent expeditions to survey the mines. On February 3, 1850, an expedition led by engineer Don Antonio Hernandez confirmed the presence of copper in Mankayan.

In 1852, Lepanto was established by the Spanish as a comandancia politico-militar,[6][7] composed of several rancherias which included Mankayan.[5]

Seven different mines were discovered in the Mankayan-Suyoc region during Admiral Pedro Durán de Monforte's 1667 expedition, and Simón de Anda's administration (1770-1776) mentioned Igorot copperware. In 1833, Galvey sent ore samples from Gambang ("copper"), Suyoc, and Mankayan, to the governor. The first Spanish mining claim on the Cordillera was made by Tomás Balbas y Castro on 26 March 1856,[8] and established a mining company called the Sociedad Minero-Metalurgica Cantabro Filipino de Mancayan.[5] The company ceased operations in 1875.[6]

American period

Under the American rule, Mankayan remained under the jurisdiction of Lepanto, and later Lepanto-Bontoc until the latter's dissolution. Mankayan was later annexed to the sub-province of Benguet as a municipal district in 1913.[5][6]

The mining boom in Mankayan began in 1933, with American Victor Lednickey establishing the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company on September 26, 1936.[5][6]

Second World War

In 1942, following the outbreak of the war, the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company, together with the Suyoc Consolidated Mining Company, were taken over by the Japanese Mitsui Mining Company, which renamed the mines into "Mitsui Mankayan Copper Mines". The Mitsui Company controlled the mines until 1945.[5][6][9]

Post-war era

After the war, the Lepanto Consolidated Mining Company resumed the mining operations.[5][6]

Mankayan was converted from a municipal district into a regular municipality on June 16, 1955, by virtue of Republic Act 1302.[10][11]

In 2018, in order to preserve the highly artistic gangsa-making intangible heritage of the Mankayan elders, the cultural masters of the town converged and began teaching the younger generations the process and importance of gangsa-making to their way of life, effectively preserving indigenous gong culture in the town.[12]

Geography

Mankayan is on the north-western tip of Benguet. It is bordered by Bakun on the west, Buguias on the southeast, Tadian and Bauko on the east, and Cervantes on the north-west.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 130.48 square kilometres (50.38 sq mi) [2] constituting 4.71% of the 2,769.08-square-kilometre- (1,069.15 sq mi) total area of Benguet.

Barangays

Mankayan is politically subdivided into 12 barangays.[13]

PSGC Barangay Population ±% p.a.
2015 [3] 2010 [14]
141111001 Balili 18.2% 6,537 6,236 ▴ 0.90%
141111002 Bedbed 2.9% 1,058 864 ▴ 3.93%
141111003 Bulalacao 8.9% 3,205 3,349 ▾ −0.83%
141111004 Cabiten 5.9% 2,129 1,854 ▴ 2.67%
141111005 Colalo 3.5% 1,268 1,232 ▴ 0.55%
141111006 Guinaoang 6.3% 2,249 1,855 ▴ 3.74%
141111008 Paco 16.0% 5,744 6,035 ▾ −0.94%
141111009 Palasaan 6.6% 2,358 2,348 ▴ 0.08%
141111010 Poblacion 7.2% 2,572 3,084 ▾ −3.40%
141111011 Sapid 9.0% 3,218 3,271 ▾ −0.31%
141111012 Tabio 10.7% 3,855 3,792 ▴ 0.31%
141111013 Taneg 4.9% 1,760 1,666 ▴ 1.05%
Total 35,953 35,586 ▴ 0.20%

Climate
Climate data for Mankayan, Benguet
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 20
(68)		 22
(72)		 23
(73)		 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 23
(73)		 23
(73)		 23
(73)		 23
(73)		 22
(72)		 21
(70)		 23
(73)
Average low °C (°F) 13
(55)		 14
(57)		 15
(59)		 17
(63)		 18
(64)		 18
(64)		 18
(64)		 18
(64)		 18
(64)		 17
(63)		 16
(61)		 15
(59)		 16
(61)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 35
(1.4)		 46
(1.8)		 63
(2.5)		 117
(4.6)		 402
(15.8)		 400
(15.7)		 441
(17.4)		 471
(18.5)		 440
(17.3)		 258
(10.2)		 94
(3.7)		 68
(2.7)		 2,835
(111.6)
Average rainy days 9.9 11.1 13.9 18.9 26.0 27.3 28.9 28.5 26.1 19.7 14.5 12.8 237.6
Source: Meteoblue [15]

Demographics
Population census of Mankayan
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 118—    
1918 2,977+24.01%
1939 6,865+4.06%
1948 5,742−1.97%
1960 13,812+7.59%
1970 21,780+4.65%
1975 24,123+2.07%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1980 25,684+1.26%
1990 32,889+2.50%
1995 34,699+1.01%
2000 34,502−0.12%
2007 34,563+0.02%
2010 35,586+1.07%
2015 35,953+0.20%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [3] [14] [16][17]

In the 2015 census, Mankayan had a population of 35,953. [3] The population density was 280 inhabitants per square kilometre (730/sq mi).

Education

Public schools

As of 2014, Mankayan has 35 public elementary schools and 9 public secondary schools.[18][19][20]

References
  1.  Municipality of Mankayan | (DILG)
  2. "Province: Benguet". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  3. Census of Population (2015). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  4. "PSA releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Quezon City, Philippines. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  5. "Municipality of Mankayan". Province of Benguet (official website). Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  6. "Municipality of Mankayan, Benguet". Department of the Interior and Local Government - Cordillera Administrative Region (official website). 29 April 2013. Archived from the original on 6 February 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  7. "History: Benguet Province". Province of Benguet (official website). Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  8. Scott, William (1974). The Discovery of the Igorots. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. pp. 57–60, 245–246. ISBN 9711000873.
  9. Bagamaspad, Anavic; Hamada-Pawid, Zenaida (1985). A People's History of Benguet. Baguio Printing & Publishing Company, Inc. p. 299.
  10. "R.A. No. 1302: An Act to Convert the Municipal District of Mankayan, Sub-province of Benguet, Mountain Province, into a Municipality". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  11. "R.A. No. 1302: An Act to Convert the Municipal District of Mankayan, Sub-province of Benguet, Mountain Province, into a Municipality". PhilippineLaw.info. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  12. http://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1004356
  13. "Municipal: Mankayan". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  14. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  15. "Mankayan: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  16. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
  17. "Province of Benguet". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  18. "Masterlist of Public Elementary Schools for the School year 2012- 2013". Department of Education (Philippines), July 15, 2013. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  19. "Masterlist of Secondary Schools (School Year 2013- 2014)". Department of Education (Philippines), July 4, 2013. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  20. "Masterlist of Public Schools SY 2013-2014". Department of Education (Philippines), 22 October 2014. Archived from the original (XLSX) on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
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