Marchantia berteroana

Marchantia berteroana is a liverwort species in the genus Marchantia.

Marchantia berteroana, male gametangium, known as an antheridiophore
Marchantia berteroana, with female gametangia known as archegoniophores.
Marchantia beteroana gemma cup

Marchantia berteroana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Marchantiophyta
Class:
Marchantiopsida
Order:
Marchantiales
Family:
Marchantiaceae
Genus:
Marchantia
Species:
M. berteroana
Binomial name
Marchantia berteroana

Description

Marchantia berteroana is a flat, thalloid liverwort, with thallus up to 2cm long and 1.2cm wide. The thallus colour can range from dark green to yellow with a glossy surface, and is attached to the ground via rhizoids. Under a lens, pores can be seen on the upper surface. The gametangia (sex organs) grow vertically from the thallus, the plant is dioicous so individual plants produce male or female gametangia.[1] The male gametangia are called an antheridiophores, they are short with a flat disc-like structure which is approximately 1cm wide. The female gametangia are called archegoniophores, they have a taller stem and an umbrella-like structure at the top, approximately 1cm wide, from which the common name is derived. They also reproduce asexually via gemma cups which form on the surface of the thallus, they are approx. 4mm wide and 3mm high.[2] Gemma cups appear on the thallus more commonly in winter[3] when rainfall is higher, as raindrops are required to disperse the gemmules.

M. berteroana contains the flavones isoscutellarein and hypolaetin 8-glucuronides.[4] The composition and amount of these chemicals changes seasonally depending on the reproductive state of the plant, when gametangia are present there is an absence of acacetin and its glycosides.[3]

Similar Species

Marchantia polymorpha is a similar in appearance, it can be distinguished from M.berteroana by the colour of the thallus, M. polymorpha is a dull green and often has a dark streak in the middle of the upper surface.[5] M. berteroana has brighter green thallus and usually no streaks on the upper surface. M. beteroana also has transparent scales on the underside of the thallus which help distinguish it from Marchantia foliacea which has dark purple/brown scales.[6]

Ecology

Distribution

Marchantia berteroana can be found in Australia, New Zealand, Southern Africa,[7] South America,[8] Antarctica[9] and, non-continental locations such as Papua New Guinea, Java, New Caledonia and various smaller islands.[10]

Habitat

M berteroana prefers moist environments such as near fresh water sources, waterfall splash zones and, forest floors.[11] It is also known to be one of the first colonising species after bushfire in Tasmanian mixed forests.[12][13]

Reproduction

See Marchantia

See also

References
  1. http://pza.sanbi.org/marchantia-berteroana
  2. http://www.terrain.net.nz/friends-of-te-henui-group/local-liverworts/marchantia-berteroana-umbrella-liverwort.html
  3. Markham, Kenneth R.; Moore, Noreen A.; Porter, Lawrence J. (January 1978). "Changeover in flavonoid pattern accompanying reproductive structure formation in a bryophyte". Phytochemistry. 17 (5): 911–913. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)88645-8.
  4. Markham, Kenneth R.; Porter, Lawrence J. (April 1975). "Isoscutellarein and hypolaetin 8-glucuronides from the liverwort Marchantia berteroana". Phytochemistry. 14 (4): 1093–1097. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(75)85194-6.
  5. https://www.utas.edu.au/dicotkey/dicotkey/Lworts/MARCHANTIACEAE/gMarchantia1.htm
  6. https://www.utas.edu.au/dicotkey/dicotkey/Lworts/MARCHANTIACEAE/sMarch_foliacea.htm
  7. http://pza.sanbi.org/marchantia-berteroana
  8. Luth, M., & Schafer-Verwimp, A. (2004). Additions to the Bryophyte Flora of the Neotropics. Tropical bryology, 7-17.
  9. Davey, Martin C. (3 February 1997). "Effects of physical factors on photosynthesis by the Antarctic liverwort Marchantia berteroana". Polar Biology. 17 (3): 219–227. doi:10.1007/s003000050125.
  10. https://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/bryogeography-aust-far-away.html
  11. http://pza.sanbi.org/marchantia-berteroana
  12. https://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/case-studies/fire-tasmania.html
  13. Duncan, Diana; Dalton, P.L. (18 July 2013). "Recolonisation by bryophytes following fire". Journal of Bryology. 12 (1): 53–63. doi:10.1179/jbr.1982.12.1.53.

"Marchantia berteroana" at the Encyclopedia of Life


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