Marita Koch

Marita Koch (later Meier-Koch, born 18 February 1957) is a German former sprint track and field athlete. During her career she collected 16 world records in outdoor sprints as well as 14 world records in indoor events. Her record of 47.60 in the 400 metres, set on 6 October 1985, still stands.

Marita Koch
Koch in 1978
Personal information
Born (1957-02-18) 18 February 1957[1]
Wismar, Bezirk Rostock, East Germany[1]
Height171 cm (5 ft 7 in)[1]
Weight62 kg (137 lb)[1]
Sport
SportTrack and field
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)
Medal record
Women's athletics
Representing East Germany
Olympic Games
1980 Moscow 400 m
1980 Moscow 4 × 400 m relay
World Championships
1983 Helsinki 200 m
1983 Helsinki 4 × 100 m relay
1983 Helsinki 4 × 400 m relay
1983 Helsinki 100 m
Friendship Games
1984 Moscow 400 m
European Championships
1978 Prague400 m
1978 Prague4 × 400 m relay
1982 Athens400 m
1982 Athens4 × 400 m relay
1986 Stuttgart400 m
1986 Stuttgart4 × 400 m relay
Updated on 30 June 2015.

Biography

Born in Wismar, East Germany, Marita Koch displayed exceptional speed even as a young child and was defeating boys much older than herself in sprint races whilst at school. By the time she had turned 15 years old, she was training under Wolfgang Meier. Meier worked as a Naval Engineer, but also coached athletics part-time. Koch and Meier moved to Rostock where Koch began to study medicine. However, she decided to stop her studies and focus on running instead. Koch was coached by Meier for her entire career, and they later married. She retained her maiden name, and is now known as Marita Koch-Meier. She and her husband have a daughter named Ulrike.[2]

Koch has held world records over several distances from 50 m to 400 m. Some of her best performances are as follows:

Koch at the 1984 East German Championships in Athletics in Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany

Koch ran a 400 m quarterfinal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal (51.87 seconds), but withdrew due to injury. She set her first world record in 1977 in Milan, when she ran a 400 m indoors in 51.8 seconds. The following year, she set her first outdoor record at 400 m in 49.19 seconds. She topped this with another two world records within a month. In 1979 Koch became the first woman to run a 200 m in under 22 seconds. Her time of 21.71 seconds (wind +0.7 m/s) set at Karl Marx Stadt stood as the world record for nine years. She tied her own 200 m world record in 1984 (21.71 seconds +0.3 m/s Potsdam). However, her 200 m world record was equaled twice in 1986 by Heike Drechsler. One of Drechsler's 21.71 second 200 m performances was achieved into a headwind whereas both of Koch's performances of 21.71 had a tailwind.

At the Moscow Olympics of 1980 Koch won the gold medal in the 400 m. Three weeks before the 1984 Olympic Games, she equaled her own record, but the East German boycott prevented her from competing in the games. She also won the European Championships at 400 m in 1978, 1982 and 1986. She remained the European record holder for the 200 m until 28 August 2015 when Dafne Schippers won the 200 m final at the 2015 World Championships with a time of 21.63 seconds. As a member of East Germany's relay teams, Koch also set more world records. They set new world records in the 4 × 100 m in 1979 and 1983. The same team won silver in the 4 × 400 m relay in the 1980 Olympic Games. They also set world records over the same distance in 1980, 1982 and 1984. In October 1986, she was awarded a Star of People's Friendship in gold (second class) for her sporting success.[3]

Koch retired from running in 1987 as one of Germany's most successful athletes. She had suffered from an Achilles tendon injury[4] She and Meier own a sports goods store in Rostock.[5]

The 400 m world record run

On 6 October 1985 at the year's World Cup meet, Koch set the current 400 m world record of 47.60 seconds. That time is considered far out of reach of even the best of today's athletes.[6] The meet was held at Bruce Stadium in Canberra, Australia, which is at 605 metres altitude.[7][8] The world record 400 m run had been well planned, and her basic speed and speed endurance proven in several training runs in the weeks prior. One week prior to her 400 m world record run, anecdotal reports suggest that Koch had run the 200 m in 21.56 seconds (fully automatic time). This 200 m performance was never verified by the IAAF and remains unofficial.

Koch in Berlin, 21 August 1986

In her world record run, Koch, running in lane 2, came out of the blocks at a scorching pace and eliminated the stagger on most of her competitors by the end of the first bend. Her 100 m split time was reported to be 11.3 seconds, while her 200 m split time was reported to be 22.4 seconds. At the halfway point in the race, she had completely destroyed most of a world class field. Her 300 m split was reported to be 34.1 seconds (hand timed), the all-time best performance for this distance. During the final stages of the race, the original video footage only captured Koch and Olga Bryzhina (née Vladykina) of the former USSR, who was trailing behind, but closing the gap. The rest of the field had been left so far behind that they were not captured by the camera as Koch and Vladykina crossed the finishing line. Third place was Lillie Leatherwood, more than two seconds behind Vladykina. Koch had gained too much of an advantage in the early stages of the race, and Vladykina was unable to pull in Koch before the finish line. Vladykina also ran her all-time best performance (48.27 seconds) in that race.[7][8]

In a 400 m race, the only women to have broken the 48-second barrier are Koch and Jarmila Kratochvílová (47.99 seconds, Helsinki, 1983). Kratochvílová was Koch's main rival over the distance and also a 400 m world record holder in the early 1980s. Each of them repeatedly beat the 400 m world record set by the other. To this day, no other woman has come within a half a second of Koch.

Drug use controversy
Main article: Doping in East Germany

Koch's achievements, along with the performances of many other East German female athletes, have long been under suspicion that they were achieved with the aid of performance-enhancing drugs.[9] These drugs were and remain illegal, but were not detectable at the time. In 1991, German anti-drug activists Brigitte Berendonk and Werner Franke, were able to save several doctoral theses and other documents written by scientists working for the East German drug research programme. The documents list the dosage and timetables for the administration of anabolic steroids to many athletes of the former DDR, with one of them being Marita Koch. According to the sources, Koch did use the anabolic steroid Oral-Turinabol (4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone) from 1981 to 1984 with dosages ranging from 530 to 1460 mg/year.[10]

See also

References
  1. Former World Record
  2. Annegret Richter and Renate Stecher both ran a hand timed 6.0
  3. Tied with Silke Möller
  4. Marlies Göhr ran a hand timed 6.9
  1. "Marita Koch". sports-reference.com. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  2. Kluge, Volker (2004). Das große Lexikon der DDR-Sportler: Die 1000 erfolgreichsten und populärsten Sportlerinnen und Sportler aus der DDR, ihre Erfolge, Medaillen und Biographien [The big lexicon of the GDR athletes: The 1000 most successful and popular athletes from the GDR, their successes, medals and biographies.] (in German) (2 ed.). Berlin: Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf Verlag. pp. 292–294. ISBN 3-89602-538-4.
  3. "Hohe staatliche Auszeichnungen verliehen" [Awarded high state awards]. Neues Deutschland (in German). 42 (243). 15 October 1986. p. 6. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  4. "Marita Koch, the East German sprint star..." Los Angeles Times. 3 February 1987. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  5. "Marita Koch - Zu schnell, um wahr zu sein?". www.ndr.de (in German). Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  6. Unattainable records leave female athletes struggling for acclaim
  7. START LIST 400 Metres Women – Round 1 Archived 10 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Daegu 2011 (27 August 2011)
  8. 2012 Olympic Games Statistics – Women's 400m, Athletics Weekly
  9. Goodbody, John (13 July 2006), "Jackson predicts new peak is mountain for others to climb", The Times, archived from the original on 11 September 2012, retrieved 7 July 2011
  10. Schofield, Matthew (13 February 2015). "East Germany's doping legacy lives on, 25 years later". McClatchy.
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