Masaaki Satake

Masaaki Satake (佐竹 雅昭, Satake Masaaki, born August 17, 1965) is a Japanese former super heavyweight karateka, kickboxer, professional wrestler and mixed martial artist. He is one of the pioneering heavyweight fighters in K-1, having been a member of Kazuyoshi Ishii's Seidokaikan school.

Masaaki Satake
Born (1965-08-17) 17 August 1965
Suita, Osaka, Japan
Native name佐竹雅昭
Other namesThe Monster Prince
NationalityJapanese
Height1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)
Weight106 kg (234 lb; 16.7 st)
DivisionSuper Heavyweight
StyleSeidokaikan
TeamSeidokaikan
Takada Dojo
Years active1984–1994 (Karate)
1990–1999 (Kickboxing)
1991-1992, 2002-2003 (Pro wrestling)
2000–2002 (MMA)
Kickboxing record
Total40
Wins24
By knockout17
Losses12
By knockout8
Draws4
Mixed martial arts record
Total10
Wins1
By knockout1
Losses8
By knockout2
By submission3
By decision3
Draws1
Other information
UniversityKansai University
Mixed martial arts record from Sherdog
last updated on: August 5, 2012
Masaaki Satake
Medal record
Representing  Japan
Men's Karate
All Japan Karate Championships
1985 Heavyweight
1986 Heavyweight
1987 Heavyweight
1988 Heavyweight
1989 Heavyweight
1990 Heavyweight
Karate Real Tournament
1988 Heavyweight
1989 Heavyweight
Shidokan Open
1988 Heavyweight
Japan Martial Arts Festival
1989 Heavyweight
Towa Cup Open
1992 Heavyweight
1993 Heavyweight
K-1 World Cup
Osaka 1993 Heavyweight

Early life and karate career

Satake began practicing karate after being inspired by the publications of Mas Oyama in junior high school.[1] After graduating from Kansai University with a major in English,[2] he turned down a job at a television studio in order to practice martial arts full-time. Within three years, he was fighting professionally at the national level, placing fourth in the 3rd All Japan Karate Championships of 1984. Half a decade later, he was regularly placing first in Japan's largest tournaments and ranked among the country's most successful karateka.

During October 2-3, 1993, Satake participated in his final karate tournament to date - the K-1 Illusion 1993 Karate World Cup. After defeating Patrick Smith and Adam Watt on the first day and Taiei Kin on the second, he met fellow karate superstar Andy Hug in the finals. When judges were unable to determine a winner, four additional overtime rounds were called, but a decisive winner still couldn't be named. The match went to sudden death via a tameshiwari content, wherein Satake bested his Swiss opponent to become world champion.

Kickboxing career

Satake made his kickboxing debut against WKA US Cruiserweight Champion Don Nakaya Nielsen. Nielsen placed his opponent on the defensive in the opening moments, but Satake fought back with repeated headbutts that led to a foul being ruled. Nielsen subsequently dropped his guard, allowing Satake to land a left hook too strong for Nielsen to recover from.[3] Despite taking a two-year break from kickboxing afterwards to focus on karate, Satake followed his initial victory up with an undefeated streak that included draws against world champions Rob Kaman and Peter Aerts - establishing himself as a Japanese powerhouse who could hold his own against the best of international competition.

K-1

Based on his initial kickboxing record, his status as one of Japan's top karate competitors, and his affiliation with K-1 founder Kazuyoshi Ishii's Seidokaikan group, Satake was invited to participate in the first K-1 event - K-1 Sanctuary I. Following a victory over American Chris Blanner, he was invited to the company's first-ever world tournament, the K-1 Grand Prix '93. He bested future Olympic bobsledder Todd Hays in the quarterfinals before suffering his first defeat (and knockout) to Branko Cikatić, who would go on to win the tournament. Despite this loss, Satake rebounded by winning his first world title – the vacant UKF World Heavyweight Championship – from his old rival Don Nakaya Nielsen. He next defeated Stan Longinidis in a title-versus-title match, but Longinidis retained his WKA World Super Heavyweight Championship after arguing that the match was not conducted under WKA rules. Satake made up for this denial by winning the KICK World Super Heavyweight and ISKA World Heavyweight Championships in a match against American Jeff Hollins at the K-2 Grand Prix '93.

Despite suffering a loss to future K-1 megastar Ernesto Hoost at K-1 Challenge, Satake was invited to the second world tournament, the K-1 Grand Prix '94. After defeating karate champ Michael Thompson in the quarterfinals, he avenged his previous year's loss to Branko Cikatić with a decision victory over the Croatian Tiger. Satake moved on to arguably the most important match of his career: the World Grand Prix final against Peter Aerts. Despite throwing no shortage of powerful strikes at the Dutchman, Satake was unable to land many significant blows while enduring several from Aerts, and lost by unanimous decision.[4] It was the last time Satake reached the finals of a WGP tournament.

Again, Satake rebounded from his grand prix loss with a world title win, this time securing the WKA World Muay Thai Super Heavyweight Championship in a match with Dennis Lane at K-1 Revenge. However, he lost it less than three months later to Sam Greco. It was the last world title he ever held. He entered and won two Japanese qualifying tournaments – the K-1 Dream '97 Japan Grand Prix and the K-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 – and though these accomplishments helped lead him to the WGP three more times, he did not advance beyond the semifinals. Though his wins always outnumbered his defeats, his achievements over world champion-level opponents dwindled, as he achieved little more than a 1997 decision victory over WKA World Muay Thai Champion Kirkwood Walker and a draw with hall-of-famer Maurice Smith.

On October 3, 1999, Satake attempted to qualify for the WGP one more time in a match against Musashi. Musashi defeated him by unanimous decision. Satake, who later described his opponent as "shameful" and a "bad student," disagreed with the outcome.[5] In addition to this, his ongoing disenchantment with Kazuyoshi Ishii[5] moved him to retire from K-1 and kickboxing in general.

At the time of his retirement, Satake was the most successful Japanese fighter active in the heavyweight division. He was a four-time world champion, a winner of two regional tournaments, and is one of only 18 competitors to have reached the WGP finals.

Professional wrestling

Fighting Network RINGS (1991-1992)

Satake debuted in professional wrestling in the shoot-style promotion Fighting Network RINGS. Wearing the style's signature tights and knee boots, he fought to a draw against Hans Nijman in his first match.[6] He went on to face Gerard Gordeau in his second bout,[7] but the match descended into chaos when Gordeau – after being kicked in the back by Satake while facing away – began shooting on Satake with punches and knees, resulting in a brawl. Satake also had matches against Willie Peeters,[8] Herman Renting[9] and Maurice Smith.[10]

He participated in the Mega Battle Tournament 1992, eliminating Mitsuya Nagai in the first round[11] but retiring prematurely due to an injury sustained in training.

WRESTLE-1 (2002-2003)

In 2002 and 2003, Satake appeared in the first WRESTLE-1 event, promoted by All Japan Pro Wrestling and K-1. Performing under the ring name “SATA...yarn” and wearing military garments, he wrestled Abdullah the Butcher twice, being defeated both times.[12][13]

Mixed martial arts career

Pride

Satake made the transition to mixed martial arts with Pride Fighting Championships in 2000. At 34 years old, Satake was considered too old to perform adequately but sought to defy critics by joining the Takada Dojo, training under Kazushi Sakuraba.[14] He was selected to participate in the Pride Grand Prix 2000, for which he tried to set up a match with Naoya Ogawa by trash-talking the world judo champion. Instead, he was instead pitted against UFC veteran and eventual tournament winner Mark Coleman. Masaaki lost the fight, being taken down easily by the American wrestler and submitted via neck crank.

His second fight was a non-tournament bout against former Pancrase fighter Guy Mezger. Satake successfully resisted Mezger's repeated takedown attempts during the first round but was taken down and controlled during the second for a unanimous decision loss.

At Pride 10, Satake earned his first victory over professional wrestler and judo specialist Kazunari Murakami. During the match, Murakami took down and mounted Satake, but the karate champion resisted. Satake eventually fell on top of Murakami during a scramble and applied ground and pound until a doctor stoppage. After the match, Murakami's teammate Naoya Ogawa appeared and traded heated words with Satake.

Despite talks for a possible match with Ogawa, no contest initially materialized due to Ogawa's scheduled match against Rickson Gracie.[15] However, Ogawa eventually accepted a fight against Satake, which took place at Pride 11. Satake marked his opponent's leg with low kicks, but the judo champion managed to get Masaaki on the ground and submit him via rear naked choke in the second round.[16]

At Pride 13, Satake was pitted against retired sumo and professional wrestler Tadao Yasuda. Heavily outweighed, Satake was repeatedly driven against the ropes by his adversary, impeding him from landing solid strikes and resulting in an eventual unanimous decision loss. For the rest of 2001, Satake would fight notable strikers like Igor Vovchanchyn, Semmy Schilt and Sam Greco – losing to the former two and drawing with the third.

In 2002, Masaaki fought Quinton “Rampage” Jackson at Pride 20. The fight started slowly, but Jackson walked through Satake's punches and performed a powerslam, followed by multiples knees and punches from dominant positions. Satake eventually managed to stand, only for Jackson to grab his waist and execute a German suplex, making Satake land on his head. The fight was immediately ruled a TKO win for Rampage while Satake was rushed to the hospital, where a cracked skull and a gravely injured neck were diagnosed.[17]

Satake's final fight was a bout against judo gold medalist Hidehiko Yoshida at Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye 2000, during which he fell to a guillotine choke.

Later career

After his retirement from combat sports, Satake opened the Satake Dojo karate school in Kyoto City.[1] In 2007, he founded the Heisi Bushido school for human resource management and training and development.[18]

In 2013, Satake was approved by the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan and received a candidacy for the 23rd House of Councilors regular election.[19] Despite general LDP victory, Satake was not elected.

Titles

Kickboxing

  • K-1
    • K-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 Champion
    • K-1 Dream '97 Champion
    • K-1 Grand Prix '94 Runner-up
  • Universal Kickboxing Federation
    • 1993 UKF World Heavyweight Champion

Karate

  • K-1 Illusion 1993 Karate World Cup Champion
  • 1993 2nd Towa Cup Japan Open Tournament – 1st place
  • 1992 1st Towa Cup Japan Open Tournament – 1st place
  • 1990 9th All Japan Karate Championships – 3rd place
  • 1989 Karate Real Tournament – 1st place
  • 1989 Japan Martial Arts Festival Tournament – 1st place
  • 1989 8th All Japan Karate Championships – 1st place
  • 1988 8th Shidokan Open Tournament – 1st place
  • 1988 7th All Japan Karate Championships – 1st place
  • 1988 Karate Real Tournament – Runner-up
  • 1987 6th All Japan Karate Championships – 1st place
  • 1986 5th All Japan Karate Championships – Runner-up
  • 1985 4th All Japan Karate Championships – Runner-up
  • 1984 3rd All Japan Karate Championships – 4th place

Kickboxing record

Kickboxing record
43 Fights, 24 wins (17 (T)KOs), 12 Losses, 4 Draws
DateResultOpponentEventLocationMethodRoundTimeRecord
1999-10-03Loss MusashiK-1 World Grand Prix '99 Opening RoundOsaka, JapanDecision (Unanimous)53:0024-12-4
Fails to qualify for the K-1 World Grand Prix '99 Final.
1999-08-22Win Gary GoodridgeK-1 Spirits '99Tokyo, JapanKO (Kick)32:4724-11-4
1999-06-20Win Jokki OberholtzerK-1 Braves '99Fukuoka, JapanTKO (3 Knockdowns)32:1923-11-4
1999-04-25Loss Mike BernardoK-1 Revenge '99Decision (Unanimous)53:0022-11-4
1998-12-13Loss Peter AertsK-1 Grand Prix '98 Final RoundTokyo, JapanTKO (Referee stoppage, Left Knee Strike)12:4022-10-4
1998-09-27Win Glaube FeitosaK-1 World Grand Prix '98 Opening RoundOsaka, JapanDecision (Majority)53:0022-9-4
Qualifies for the K-1 Grand Prix '98 Final.
1998-08-28Win Tsuyoshi NakasakoK-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 FinalTokyo, JapanDecision (Majority)33:0021-9-4
Wins the K-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 tournament.
1998-08-28Win Toru OishiK-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 SemifinalsTokyo, JapanKO (Left Punch)22:0320-9-4
1998-08-28Win Yoji AnjoK-1 Japan Grand Prix '98 QuarterfinalsTokyo, JapanKO (Right High Kick)21:0219-9-4
1998-07-18Loss Matt SkeltonK-1 Dream '98Nagoya, JapanTKO (3 Knockdowns)12:0618-9-4
1998-05-24Draw MusashiK-1 Braves '98Fukuoka, JapanDecision Draw53:0018-8-4
1998-04-09Draw Maurice SmithK-1 Kings '98Yokohama, JapanDecision Draw53:0018-8-3
1997-11-09Loss Andy HugK-1 Grand Prix '97 FinalTokyo, JapanKO (Left High Kick)10:1518-8-2
1997-09-07Win Jean RivièreK-1 Grand Prix '97 1st RoundOsaka, Japan2nd Ext.R Decision (Unanimous)73:0018-7-2
Qualifies for the K-1 Grand Prix '97 Final.
1997-07-20Win Masashi SuzukiK-1 Dream '97 Japan GP FinalNagoya, JapanTKO (Corner stoppage/towel)41:1717-7-2
Wins the K-1 Japan GP '97 tournament.
1997-07-20Win Shuji AbeK-1 Dream '97 Japan GP SemifinalNagoya, JapanDecision (Unanimous)33:0016-7-2
1997-07-20Win Sadakazu KiyoharaK-1 Dream '97 Japan GP QuarterfinalNagoya, JapanTKO (Right straight)11:3315-7-2
1997-06-07Win Kirkwood WalkerK-1 Fight Night '97Zürich, SwitzerlandDecision (Unanimous)53:0014-7-2
1997-03-16Loss Mike BernardoK-1 Kings '97Yokohama, JapanTKO (Right hook)21:2413-7-2
1996-10-18Loss Andy HugK-1 Star Wars '96Yokohama, JapanDecision (Unanimous)53:0013-6-2
The bout was for the vacant W.K.A. World Muay Thai Super Heavyweight Championship title.
1995-05-04Loss Jerome Le BannerK-1 Grand Prix '95 QuarterfinalTokyo, JapanKO (Left hook)32:3213-5-2
1995-03-03Win Kimo LeopoldoK-1 Grand Prix '95 Opening BattleTokyo, JapanTKO (3 Knockdowns, Left Middle Kick)22:2713-4-2
Qualifies for the K-1 World Grand Prix 1995.
1994-12-10Loss Sam GrecoK-1 LegendNagoya, JapanKO (Right hook)21:2712-4-2
Loses the WKA Thai Boxing World Super Heavyweight title.
1994-10-02Win Gary SandlandKarate World Cup '94Osaka, JapanTKO (Left middle kick)22:2812-3-2
1994-09-18Win Dennis LaneK-1 RevengeYokohama, JapanTKO (Right low kick)21:3811-3-2
Wins the WKA Thai Boxing World Super Heavyweight title.
1994-04-30Loss Peter AertsK-1 Grand Prix '94 FinalTokyo, JapanDecision (Unanimous)33:0010-3-2
The bout was for the K-1 Grand Prix '94 tournament title.
1994-04-30Win Branko CikatićK-1 Grand Prix '94 SemifinalTokyo, JapanDecision (Majority)33:0010-2-2
1994-04-30Win Michael ThompsonK-1 Grand Prix '94 QuarterfinalTokyo, JapanTKO (Left knee attack)30:349-2-2
1994-03-04Loss Ernesto HoostK-1 ChallengeTokyo, JapanKO (Left high kick)22:458-2-2
1993-12-19Win Jeff HollinsK-2 Grand Prix '93Tokyo, JapanTKO (Punches)21:288-1-2
Wins the KICK World Super Heavyweight title and ISKA Oriental Rule World Heavyweight title.
1993-09-04Win Stan LonginidisK-1 IllusionTokyo, JapanDecision (Unanimous)53:007-1-2
The bout was for the UKF World Heavyweight title held by Satake and the WKA Kickboxing World Super Heavyweight title held by Longinidis.
Longinidis lost but retained his title because he asserted that the bout was not under WKA rules.
1993-06-25Win Don Nakaya NielsenK-1 IllusionOsaka, JapanTKO (3 knockdowns/Right hook)12:306-1-2
Wins the vacant UKF World Heavyweight title.
1993-04-30Loss Branko CikatićK-1 Grand Prix '93 Semi-finalTokyo, JapanKO (Left hook)30:455-1-2
1993-04-30Win Todd HaysK-1 Grand Prix '93 Quarter-finalTokyo, JapanKO (Right low kick)20:455-0-2
1993-03-30Win Chris BlannerK-1 Sanctuary ITokyo, JapanKO (Right hook)21:394-0-2
1992-10-04Draw Peter AertsMartial arts Olympics III: Karate World Cup '92Osaka, Osaka, JapanDecision Draw3-0-2
1992-08-21Draw Rob KamanRINGS Mega Battle Special: IshizueTokyo, JapanDecision Draw53:003-0-1
1992-07-30Win Ahmad MuhammadSeidokaikan Martial arts Olympics IITokyo, JapanKO11:573-0-0
1992-07-16Win Peter UlaRINGS Mega Battle VIKO41:022-0-0
1990-06-30Win Don Nakaya NielsenAJKF Inspiring Wars – HeatTokyo, JapanKO12:071-0-0
Satake's debut bout as a professional kickboxer.
After the bout, Nielsen's side asserted that he lost because of Satake's headbutts.
Legend:   Win   Loss   Draw/No contest   Notes

Mixed rules

DateResultOpponentEventLocationMethodRoundTime
2000-06-11Win Podryatine DenisUltimate BoxingDecision (Unanimous)33:00
1992-03-26Draw Maurice SmithMartial arts Olympics ITokyo, JapanTime Over4
1R and 2R were fought under kickboxing rules, 3R and 4R under karate rules.
Legend:   Win   Loss   Draw/No contest   Notes

Mixed martial arts record

Professional record breakdown
10 matches 1 win 8 losses
By knockout 1 2
By submission 0 3
By decision 0 3
Draws 1
Res. Record Opponent Method Event Date Round Time Location Notes
Loss 1-8-1 Hidehiko Yoshida Submission (neck crank) Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye 2002 December 31, 2002 1 0:50 Saitama, Saitama, Japan
Loss 1-7-1 Quinton Jackson TKO (slam) Pride 20 April 28, 2002 1 7:18 Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
Draw 1-6-1 Sam Greco Draw Inoki Bom-Ba-Ye 2001 December 31, 2001 5 3:00 Saitama, Saitama, Japan
Loss 1-6 Semmy Schilt TKO (strikes) Pride 17 November 3, 2001 1 2:18 Tokyo, Japan
Loss 1-5 Igor Vovchanchyn Decision (unanimous) Pride 15 July 29, 2001 3 5:00 Saitama, Saitama, Japan
Loss 1-4 Tadao Yasuda Decision (split) Pride 13 - Collision Course March 25, 2001 3 5:00 Saitama, Saitama, Japan
Loss 1-3 Naoya Ogawa Submission (rear-naked choke) Pride 11 - Battle of the Rising Sun October 31, 2000 2 2:01 Osaka, Japan
Win 1-2 Kazunari Murakami TKO (punches) Pride 10 - Return of the Warriors August 27, 2000 1 6:58 Saitama, Saitama, Japan
Loss 0-2 Guy Mezger Decision (unanimous) Pride Grand Prix 2000 Finals May 1, 2000 1 15:00 Tokyo, Japan
Loss 0-1 Mark Coleman Submission (neck crank) Pride Grand Prix 2000 Opening Round January 30, 2000 1 1:14 Tokyo, Japan

Mixed rules

Professional record breakdown
0 matches 0 wins 0 losses
By knockout 1 0
By submission 0 0
By decision 0 0
Res. Record Opponent Method Event Date Round Time Location Notes
Win 1-0 Mitsuya Nagai KO (palm strike) Rings: Mega Battle Tournament 1992 First Round October 29, 1992 1 1:24 Nagoya, Japan

Karate record

Karate record
DateResultOpponentEventLocationMethodRoundTimeRecord
1993-10-03Win Andy HugK-1 Illusion 1993 Karate World Cup FinalOsaka, JapanTameshiwari53:00
Wins the K-1 Illusion 1993 Karate World Cup.
1993-10-03Win Taiei KinK-1 Illusion 1993 Karate World Cup SemifinalsOsaka, JapanDecision (Unanimous)33:00
1993-10-02Win Adam WattK-1 Illusion 1993 Karate World Cup QuarterfinalsOsaka, JapanEx.R Decision (Unanimous)43:00
1993-10-02Win Patrick SmithK-1 Illusion 1993 Karate World Cup 1st RoundOsaka, JapanTKO11:16
1991-10-10Loss Gerard GordeauKarate World Cup '91 - All Japan Karate ChampionshipDecision (Divided)3
1991-06-04Win Willie WilliamsUSA Oyama Karate Vs. Karate MasamichiDecision (Unanimous)3
Legend:   Win   Loss   Draw/No contest   Notes

Filmography

Films

YearTitleRoleNotes
1996Ichi, ni no sanshiroSanshiro
2004Gokudô kôshienVideo release

Television

YearTitleRoleNotes
1992Fatal Fury: Legend of the Hungry WolfJoe Higashi (voice)Animated feature based on the video game
1995The Kindaichi Case FilesLive-action miniseries based on the manga
1996Holy Dragon LegendRaijin10-episode miniseries
2003Bakuryū Sentai Abaranger (Episode 33)Hirurindou, Trinoid #2

Bibliography

  • Satake, Masaaki (1992). 世紀末覇者伝 [The End of the Century] (in Japanese). Japan: JICC Publishing Bureau. ISBN 978-4-79-660546-5.

See also

References

  1. "空手道佐竹道場(佐竹雅昭 紹介)". 空手道佐竹道場. Heisei Bushido. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  2. "佐竹雅昭". 空手道佐竹道場. Japan Sports Marketing, Co. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  3. "Don Nakaya Nielsen Vs. Masaaki Satake (30-6-90)". 4 March 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019 via YouTube.
  4. "Peter Aerts vs. Masaaki Satake - K-1 GP '98 FINAL". K1. 8 February 2010. Retrieved 30 May 2019 via YouTube.
  5. Satake, Masaaki (4 December 2003). まっすぐに蹴る [Kicking Straightly] (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Kadokawa Shoten. ISBN 978-4-04-883858-0.
  6. "Match Statistics for Masaaki Satake". Wrestlingdata.com. The Wrestlingdata.com Team. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  7. "Match Statistics for Masaaki Satake". Wrestlingdata.com. The Wrestlingdata.com Team. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  8. "Match Statistics for Masaaki Satake". Wrestlingdata.com. The Wrestlingdata.com Team. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  9. "Match Statistics for Masaaki Satake". Wrestlingdata.com. The Wrestlingdata.com Team. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  10. "Match Statistics for Masaaki Satake". Wrestlingdata.com. The Wrestlingdata.com Team. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  11. "Match Statistics for Masaaki Satake". Wrestlingdata.com. The Wrestlingdata.com Team. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  12. "Match Statistics for Masaaki Satake". Wrestlingdata.com. The Wrestlingdata.com Team. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  13. "Match Statistics for Masaaki Satake". Wrestlingdata.com. The Wrestlingdata.com Team. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  14. "Wrestling News – Dream Stage Entertainment 1". Quebrada.net. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  15. "Wrestling News – Dream Stage Entertainment 3". Quebrada.net. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  16. Scott Newman (2006-12-07). "MMA Review: #100: Pride 11: The Battle of Rising Sun". The Oratory. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  17. Scott Newman (2006-12-07). "MMA Review: #33: Pride 20: Armed and Ready". The Oratory. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  18. "佐竹雅昭「平成武師道」". 佐竹雅昭「平成武師道」. Heisei Bushido. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  19. "自民から佐竹氏出馬へ…参院選はタレント乱立?". Tokyo Sports. Tokyo Sports. 26 April 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
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