Melaleuca thymifolia

Melaleuca thymifolia, commonly known as thyme honey-myrtle, is a plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and is native to eastern Australia. It is often noticed in spring, with its attractive, purple flowers and is one of the most commonly cultivated melaleucas. A fragrant shrub, it usually grows to about 1.0 m (3 ft) tall, has corky bark and slender, wiry stems.

Thyme honey-myrtle
M. thymifolia in the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Melaleuca
Species:
M. thymifolia
Binomial name
Melaleuca thymifolia
Synonyms[2]
  • Melaleuca gnidiifolia Vent.

Description

Melaleuca thymifolia is a low, spreading shrub which grows to a height of about 1.0–1.5 m (3–5 ft) with grey, corky bark, glabrous foliage and arching branches. Its leaves are arranged in alternating pairs (decussate) so that they make four rows of leaves along the stem. The leaves are 5–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) long, 1.0–3.5 mm (0.04–0.1 in) wide, flat, elliptic in shape with a tapered end and often have their upper surface almost parallel to the stem.[3][4][5]

The flowers are a shade between pink and deep purple and are arranged in heads, sometimes at the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering, and sometimes on the sides of the branches. The heads contain 2 to 10 individual flowers and are up to 25 mm (1 in) in diameter. The stamens are arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle containing 30 to 60 curved stamens. Flowering occurs over a long period, mostly in spring but also at other times of the year. Flowering is followed by fruit which are woody cup-shaped capsules, 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) long and wide. The fruit have five persistent teeth around the rim.[3][4][5]

Taxonomy and naming

The species was first formally described in 1797 by the English botanist, James Smith in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London[1][6] noting that "Mr. Fairbairn has presented flowering specimens of this species to the Linnaean Society from Chelsea garden." The specific epithet (thymifolia) is a reference to the similarity of the leaves of this species to the leaves of Thymus (thyme) in the family Lamiaceae.[3][7]

Distribution and habitat

Melaleuca thymifolia occurs from Pigeon House Mountain in New South Wales,[5] north to south eastern Queensland with a disjunct population in the Carnarvon Range in central Queensland.[3][4] It grows in seasonal swamps and along creeks in a variety of soils.[5]

Use in horticulture

Melaleuca thymifolia may be the most commonly cultivated of its genus because of it attractive flowers, graceful form and adaptability to a wide range of soils and condition.[4] It is frost and drought hardy and long-lived but does best in well watered situations, sometimes spreading to 3 metres (10 ft).[8]

A number of cultivars have been developed including Melaleuca thymifolia ‘Pink Lace and Melaleuca thymifolia ‘White Lace’[9]

References
  1. "Melaleuca thymifolia". APNI. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  2. "Melaleuca gnidiifolia". APNI. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  3. Brophy, Joseph J.; Craven, Lyndley A.; Doran, John C. (2013). Melaleucas : their botany, essential oils and uses. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. p. 358. ISBN 9781922137517.
  4. Holliday, Ivan (2004). Melaleucas : a field and garden guide (2nd ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Reed New Holland Publishers. pp. 286–287. ISBN 1876334983.
  5. "Melaleuca thymifolia". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney: PlantNet. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  6. Smith, James Edward (1797). Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Volume 3). London. p. 278. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  7. Les Robinson - Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, ISBN 978-0-7318-1211-0 page 59
  8. "Melaleuca thymifolia". Australian National Botanic Garden. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  9. "Melaleuca thymifolia". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Retrieved 11 June 2015.

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