Mercedes-Benz Bionic

The Mercedes-Benz Bionic was a concept car created by DaimlerChrysler AG under the Mercedes Group. It was first introduced in 2005 at the DaimlerChrysler Innovation Symposium in Washington, D. C. The Bionic was modeled after a type of fish, the yellow boxfish, Ostracion cubicus,[1] and also has 80% lower nitrogen oxide emissions with its selective catalytic reduction technology.

Mercedes-Benz Bionic
Overview
ManufacturerMercedes-Benz
ProductionConcept car (2005)
Powertrain
Engine1.9-liter four-cylinder direct-injection turbodiesel. 138 hp (103 kW)
TransmissionAutotronic CVT transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase101 in (2,565 mm)
Length167 in (4,242 mm)
Width71.5 in (1,816 mm)
Height62.8 in (1,595 mm)
Curb weight2,425 lb (1,100 kg)
Comparison to a streamlined half-body with Cd of 0.12.
The yellow boxfish, Ostracion cubicus

Engine and performance

The Bionic is powered by a 103 kW direct-injection diesel engine with an average fuel economy of 54.7 MPG (US) (~4.3 L/100 km).[2] This engine also outputs around 140 hp (104 kW) and a little over 221 ft⋅lbf (300 N⋅m) of torque at around 1,600 rpm. The Bionic can go from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in about 8 seconds and has a top speed of a little over 190 km/h (118 mph).

Design

The exterior design was modeled after the yellow boxfish (Ostracion cubicus), a marine fish that lives in coral reefs. Mercedes-Benz decided to model the Bionic after this fish due to the supposed low coefficient of drag of its body shape[3] and the rigidity of its exoskeleton; this influenced the car's unusual looks. It was believed that the shape of the boxfish would improve aerodynamics and stability.[4] However, in 2015, a paper in Journal of the Royal Society Interface claimed that "The drag-reduction performance of the two boxfish species studied was relatively low compared with more generalized body shapes of fish".[5][6] Other parts of the design include the fact that the rear wheels are partially fitted with plastic and that it's considered as a lightweight vehicle. Mercedes-Benz reported a drag coefficient of 0.19;[7] for comparison, the production vehicle with the lowest ever Cd value was the GM EV1, at 0.195. While the Bionic had a much larger internal volume than the EV1, the Bionic's larger frontal area made the EV1 more aerodynamic overall, as drag is a product of the area and the drag coefficient.

The vehicle was capable of seating four people.[2]

References
  1. ""Bionic" Car Fueled by Fishy Ideas". National Geographic. 15 June 2005. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  2. Padeanu, Adrian (2 January 2019). "2005 Mercedes Bionic: Concept We Forgot". Motor1.com. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
  3. Kozlov, Andrei; Chowdhury, Harun; Mustary, Israt; Loganathan, Bavin; Alam, Firoz (2015). "Bio-Inspired Design: Aerodynamics of Boxfish". Procedia Engineering. 105: 323–328. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.007. ISSN 1877-7058.
  4. "The Energy-Efficient Boxfish". Awake!. Vol. 90 no. 7. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York. July 2009. p. 10. ISSN 0005-237X. Retrieved 22 January 2019. Engineers believe that the boxfish provides the secret to producing a safer, more fuel-efficient, yet lightweight, vehicle. “Quite frankly,” says research and development chief Dr. Thomas Weber, “we were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish, of all things, became our model for designing an aerodynamic and fuel-efficient car.”
  5. "A Real Drag". Slate. 11 March 2015. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  6. "Boxfish swimming paradox resolved: forces by the flow of water around the body promote manoeuvrability". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  7. Mercedes' fish-inspired car CNN (retrieved 2008-08-12)
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