Mike Stock (musician)

Michael Stock (born 3 December 1951) is an English songwriter, record producer and musician, best known for being a member of the songwriting and production team Stock Aitken and Waterman that achieved success in the 1980s and 1990s. He has written and/or produced numerous worldwide hits including 18 No. 1 records in America and the UK, and over a hundred top-40 hits. Stock is one of the most successful songwriters of all time as recognised by the Guinness Book of Records.[1] As part of Stock Aitken and Waterman, he is acknowledged as the most successful producer-songwriter in British chart history and holds the record for the most No. 1 records with different acts, with 11.[2][3][4] In the UK Singles Chart he has written 54 top-ten hits including 7 number ones.[5]

Mike Stock
Birth nameMichael Stock
Born (1951-12-03) 3 December 1951
Margate, Kent, England, United Kingdom
Genres
Occupation(s)
  • Songwriter
  • record producer
  • musician
Instruments
Years active1976–present
Associated acts
Websitemikestockmusic.com

Biography

Stock was born in Margate, Kent, England in 1951 and grew up in Swanley, Kent. He attended White Oak primary school and Swanley comprehensive school. At Swanley school he was involved in several school variety productions. He was self-taught in playing the piano and guitar and began writing songs at the age of seven.[6][7] Inspired by The Beatles he soon became fixated with pop music and put together his first band at age 13, playing bass guitar and singing.[8] Fascinated by the popular songwriting styles of Rodgers and Hammerstein, and writers such as Irving Berlin and the energy and freshness of The Beatles, he established a deep love of pop music.[9] Stock signed a publishing contract when he was nineteen after earning a reputation as a budding songwriter, although no one had suggested a full-time career in the music world was a possibility.[6]

In 1970 Stock earned a placement at the University of Hull to study Drama and Theology and formed a band with a fellow student, the later acclaimed Oscar-winning director, Anthony Minghella.[8] Whilst at Hull, Stock met his wife Bobbie and left university when she graduated to concentrate his efforts in making it in music.[10] In 1975 they married and soon after, sold their house in Bury, Lancashire to move back south [11] Stock played his first paid, solo gig at Aveley Working Men's Club in Essex in 1976, earning twenty five pounds.[12] By the late 1970s Stock, now living in Blackheath, South London, was performing up and down the country. Performing solo, in a duo or with bands Mirage and Nightwork, Stock gained a good reputation for his live performances and was regularly booked for venues like the Hilton Hotel, Grosvenor House and the Dorchester in Mayfair.[13] Throughout 1979 to 1981 Stock was gigging every night of the week in various bands embracing pop, dance, old standards, rock or funk.[14]

Stock's band had gone through several guitar players before he was alerted to Matt Aitken; a guitarist who had been spotted by another member of his band working on a cruise ship.[15] Stock contacted Aitken to offer him a role in the band. Playing on cruise ships and in various bands of his own, Aitken was an accomplished guitarist whose style could adapt to any type of music. [16] In 1982 Stock moved to Abbey Wood, South London where, along with Matt Aitken he acquired a recording desk and tape machine and formed his first record label.[17] During the break of one of Mirage's sets on New Year's Eve 1983, Stock informed the band he would be leaving and was going into the studio to pursue his career as a songwriter and producer. Matt Aitken agreed to join him and from January 1984 onwards the pair worked exclusively in recording studios.[17][18]

Stock Aitken and Waterman

Formation and Early Hits: Divine, Hazell Dean, Dead or Alive (1984–85)

Stock had briefly worked with Pete Waterman in 1980 when John Milton, Mark Stock and Mike wrote a song – One Nine for a Lady Breaker – for a CB radio club.[19] A version of the track found its way to Pete Waterman who managed Peter Collins, then a successful producer with acts like Musical Youth and Nik Kershaw.[20] The track was re-recorded and produced by Collins; Stock sang on the track under the alias Chris Britton.[21] In January 1984 Stock and Aitken arranged to meet Waterman at his office in the Stiff Records building, Camden Town. Waterman was seeking a new partnership and in February 1984 they went into the Marquee Studio in Wardour Street Soho to record the song 'The Upstroke' for 'Agents Aren't Aeroplanes'- a front for their concept of a female Frankie Goes To Hollywood.[22] The record was released on Proto Records run by Barry Evangeli and Nick East and distributed by RCA.[20][23] 'The Upstroke' achieved popularity in the gay clubs and discos where many new records were being found and subsequently promoted into the mainstream as Hi-NRG.[24]

In 1983 Stock had been approached by Andy Paul, a Greek Cypriot, to write a song for Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest. 'Anna Maria Elena' was voted by the Cypriot public to represent their country in the competition and the re-recorded version would be Stock and Aitken's second collaboration with Waterman. The team were then asked to produce a song for Divine and they recorded 'You Think You're a Man' at the Marquee Studio which was released by Proto Records in July 1984 reaching number 16 in the UK charts.[25] Soon after, the team recorded Hazell Dean's 'Whatever I Do, (Wherever I Go)'. The song became SAW's first top 10 hit, reaching number 4 in the UK.[26] In September 1984 they were approached by Dead or Alive to produce the song You Spin Me Round (Like A Record) which became Stock Aitken and Waterman's first UK number 1 in March 1985.[27]

The Hit Factory: Bananarama, Mel and Kim, Princess (1985–86)

In 1985 the trio built a new studio at ‘The Vineyard’ recording studio complex, The Borough that would later be dubbed 'The Hit Factory'. Whilst working with the band Brilliant, Stock wrote a song for their backing singer Desiree Heslop called 'Say I'm Your Number One', which became a hit in the UK under her stage name 'Princess'. Towards the end of 1985 the group Bananarama approached SAW to record a cover of 'Shocking Blue's' Venus. The track became a huge hit in the UK and went to No. 1 in America in July 1986.[28] Bananarama would continue to enjoy success with SAW with hits such as Love in the First Degree, I Heard a Rumour and I Want You Back. In 1986 Mel and Kim's first single 'Showing Out (Get Fresh at the Weekend) went to number 3 in the UK charts and their follow-up Respectable reached number 1.[29][30]

Rick Astley, Ferry Aid (1987)

In 1987 Rick Astley recorded what would be one of the team's biggest hits-Never Gonna Give You Up, though initially Stock and Aitken were unsure of its appeal with Astley's strong but unorthodox voice.[31] When it was released by RCA, Never Gonna Give You Up went straight to No. 1 in 17 different countries including America and the UK where it became the biggest selling record of 1987.[32][33] Astley's fourth single, Together Forever also topped the Billboard Hot 100.[34] That year SAW produced Let It Be in aid of the victims involved in the Zeebrugge Ferry disaster, and Stock got the chance to work with his musical inspiration Paul McCartney whose original recordings of The Beatles classic were sent to the production team by producer George Martin.[35] 'Let It Be' went straight to No. 1 where it stayed for three weeks knocking Stock's own 'Respectable' by Mel and Kim off the top spot.[36] Two years later Stock would again collaborate with McCartney on the Gerry and the Pacemakers hit-Ferry Cross the Mersey, recorded to raise funds for the victims and their families of the Hillsborough Disaster in 1989 which also went straight to No. 1.[37]

Kylie Minogue, Jason Donovan, Band Aid II (1988–89)

In 1987 Pete Waterman formed PWL the in-house label of SAW and one of the first artists to be released on the label was Australian soap star, Kylie Minogue. Stock was informed by Kylie's manager, Terry Blamey, that she had been in London for ten days waiting to work with SAW though Pete Waterman had not informed Stock.[38] By the time Kylie entered the studio she was due on a plane back to Australia later that day. In 40 minutes Stock and Aitken had written the song, I Should Be So Lucky, recorded a backing track and Kylie's vocals.[39] I Should Be So Lucky was released by PWL in February 1988 and climbed to the No. 1 spot in March where it stayed for five weeks, the joint longest running No. 1 of 1988.[40][41] It also went to number 1 in 25 other territories including Kylie Minogue's native Australia. With demand for a follow up single, Kylie wasn't keen on returning to England to work with SAW again after the rushed treatment she had received.[42] Stock flew to Australia to meet Kylie and her parents at her home to apologise and successfully convinced her to record a follow-up single Got to Be Certain which reached No. 2 in the UK charts.[43] When her debut album Kylie was released in August 1988 it sold 2.8 million copies and she spent more weeks on the singles chart than any other artist.[44] Kylie went on to record three more studio albums with SAW scoring 15 successive top 10 hits including; Je Ne Sais Pas Pourquoi, Hand on Your Heart, Wouldn't Change a Thing, Tears on My Pillow, Better the Devil You Know, Shocked among many others.

Soon after, Jason Donovan's first single, "Nothing Can Divide Us", became a top 5 hit.[45] Donovan's next single, Especially for You, a duet with Kylie Minogue, went to number 1 in January 1989.[46] A duet had not initially been planned by SAW until retailer Woolworth's had taken huge orders for hundreds of thousands before the song had even been written.[47] Stock wrote Especially for You, sang the demo with a SAW backing singer and Matt Aitken flew to Australia to record Kylie and Jason's vocals in time for a Christmas release.[47] Donovan returned to the studio to record the song Too Many Broken Hearts which went to number 1 in March 1989.[48] His debut album Ten Good Reasons also held to the top spot for three weeks selling 1.5 million copies.[49] Donovan went on to have numerous hits with Stock Aitken Waterman (SAW), including the number one hit Sealed with a Kiss, Every Day (I Love You More), and the Christmas number two record "When You Come Back to Me", kept off the top spot by the Band Aid II record –Do They Know It's Christmas?, also produced by Stock Aitken and Waterman.

Donna Summer, Cliff Richard and later work (1989–93)

1989 became Stock Aitken and Waterman's most successful year having helmed seven UK #1s (a feat equalled only by George Martin in 1963) and 15 top 5s.[50] During 1989 Stock wrote and produced over seven albums' worth of material for artists such as Kylie Minogue, Jason Donovan, Bananarama, Donna Summer, Cliff Richard and Paul McCartney.[51] The team supplied Donna Summer with her most successful hit single since the 1970s with This Time I Know It's for Real and Cliff Richard's No. 3 I Just Don't Have the Heart. SAW also gave 18-year-old singer Sonia a debut No. 1 with You'll Never Stop Me Loving You. Stock became the first person to receive the Ivor Novello Award for 'Songwriter of the Year' three times in a row between 1988 and 1990. In 1990 SAW picked up three "Ivors": for 'Songwriter of the Year', 'Most Performed Work' for Donna Summer's 'This Time I Know It's for Real' and 'Best Selling A-Side' for Jason Donovan's Too Many Broken Hearts.[52] They received the Brit Award for Best Producers in 1987, eight 'Ivor Novellos' many Music Week awards and more. Despite continued success in the 90s with the likes of Kylie Minogue's "Better the Devil You Know", "Step Back in Time" and "Shocked", and Lonnie Gordon's "Happenin' All Over Again", the partnership began to disband. When Matt Aitken left in 1991 Stock stayed with Waterman to write and produce Minogue's fourth album, Let's Get to It and Sybil's 1993 hits, "The Love I Lost" and "When I'm Good and Ready", and Boy Krazy's "That's What Love Can Do" went top 20 in the US. Later that year, Stock ended his relationship with Waterman; by the end of their partnership, Stock had written and/or produced over three hundred top 75 hits and over thirty platinum selling albums.[4][53]

Post SAW

In 1993 Stock formed 'Love This Records', and built a brand new multimillion-pound recording studio in London.[54] The first record released with 'Love This Records' was a dance cover of the track Total Eclipse of the Heart.[55] It was a worldwide hit for Nicki French, reaching No. 2 in America and No. 1 in seven countries selling over 2 million copies.[56] In 1994 Simon Cowell asked Stock to produce the record for the popular kid's TV show 'Mighty Morphin Power Rangers' which was a top 5 hit in the UK.[57][58] Cowell had worked with Stock on previous occasions with artists such as Sinitta, for whom Stock wrote and produced various hits like Toy Boy in 1987. Stock again collaborated with Cowell in 1993 on the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) album Wrestlemania which spawned the No. 4 hit 'Slam Jam'.[59]

In 1994 Stock produced several artists for Simon Cowell including Kym Mazelle, Jocelyn Brown and Robson and Jerome. Their cover of Unchained Melody produced by Stock and Aitken became the highest selling non-charity single of the decade, remaining at No. 1 for 7 weeks in 1995 selling 2.5 million copies.[60] Stock produced a further two No. 1 singles with Robson and Jerome and two No. 1 albums.

After several years producing hits for Stock's own label 'Love This Records' and with Simon Cowell for BMG/RCA, the structural integrity of Stock's studio became compromised by the tunnelling of the Jubilee Line extension, and the damage forced Stock to pursue legal action against London Underground.[61] As a result, Stock was forced to pull out of a joint deal with Cowell and BMG to produce several artists including the band Westlife in 1996.[62]

In 1998 Stock and Aitken teamed up with Steve Crosby who had created the group Steps, to form the band Scooch. Their first single 'When My Baby' reached No. 29 and their follow up, 'More Than I Needed To Know', was a top 5 hit in the UK in 2000 and went to No. 1 in Japan.[63] Scooch's album 'Four Sure' spawned two more top 20 singles. Stock also scored a top 20 with 'Airhead' by girl band Girls@Play, with EastEnders' star Rita Simons that toured with Steps.[64] In 2003 Stock formed the label Better the Devil Records and had a huge hit with the Fast Food Song selling 200,000 CD singles.[65] Stock wrote and produced two further singles for the Fast Food Rockers including the top 10 'Smile Please'.[63]

Recent

In 2005 Stock briefly teamed up with Pete Waterman to write and produce a single for 'The Sheilas' of the Sheila's Wheels car insurance brand and again in 2010, collaborating on the UK's entry in the Eurovision Song Contest, "That Sounds Good To Me".[66]

Most recently Stock formed the company 'The Show 4 Kids'. Stock created the pop musical-The Go!Go!Go! Show with Steve Crosby to popular and critical acclaim, featuring new songs written and produced by Stock and Crosby.[67] The Go!Go!Go! Show debuted at the Leicester Square Theatre, London in July 2010 and was performed daily at Alton Towers through the entirety of their 2011 season as their resident attraction.[68][69] During the summer of 2011 The Go!Go!Go! Show began a regional tour of theatres across the UK finishing at the Garrick Theatre, London in October.[70][71]

In summer 2012 The Go!Go!Go! Show debuted a new live show at the Empire Cinema in London's Leicester Square. It marked the first time in over 50 years that the famous venue has hosted live entertainment.[72] Later that year The Go!Go!Go! Show was commissioned by Nickelodeon for television. It will air on UK channel Nick Jr from April 2013.[73][74]

In 2013, Stock created a cartoon singer called The Retrobot, which was an 80's robot who was fed up with modern culture.[75] That Christmas, the character released a song called "Christmas Robot" which went viral, but did not compete for the Christmas chart. The Retrobot did parody covers, a Radio 1 Live Lounge version of Christmas Robot, and, a short time afterwards, a short lived comedy news channel.[76]

In 2014, Stock worked with Shayne Ward and the resulting album "Closer" was released on 12 April 2015. Summer 2015 also showed renewed work with Nicki French with the single "This Love".[77]

In 2016 Stock confirmed that he was working with young singer Chloe Rose on a single for NSPCC's ChildLine 30 year anniversary.[78][79] The song "For Me" was performed first at England Captain Wayne Rooney's testimonial match at Old Trafford on 3 August and released on 9 September in aid of the Wayne Rooney Foundation supporting NSPCC and ChildLine.[80][81] The music video 'For Me' premiered on Rose's VEVO channel on 15 August.[82]

In 2017 Stock co-wrote and produced the first studio album in 31 years for The Fizz (formerly Bucks Fizz). The F-Z of Pop charted at #25.

See also

Citations
  1. McWhirter, Norris D. (1990). The Guinness Book of Records : 1991 (37th ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Pub. ISBN 0-85112-374-0.
  2. Gambaccini, Paul; Rice, Tim; Rice, Jonathan (1993). British hit singles (9th ed.). Enfield: Guinness. ISBN 978-0-85112-526-8.
  3. "NO" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  4. "Press Office – Eurovision Song Contest 2010 press pack: Mike Stock". BBC. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  5. "The People Who Created The Soundtrack To Your Life eBook: stuart devoy: Kindle Store". Amazon.com. 9 September 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  6. Stock 2004, p. 14.
  7. "Interview #39: Mike Stock | I Like Music – Online Music Magazine and Music Service Provider". I Like Music. 12 October 2004. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  8. Stock 2004, p. 16.
  9. Stock 2004, p. 17.
  10. Stock 2004, p. 15.
  11. Stock 2004, p. 18.
  12. Stock 2004, p. 19.
  13. Stock 2004, p. 21.
  14. Stock 2004, p. 24.
  15. Stock 2004, p. 25.
  16. Stock 2004, p. 26.
  17. Stock 2004, p. 27.
  18. mike stock. "Matt Aitken Interview 1996". Stockaitkenlovethis.itgo.com. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  19. mike stock (27 October 1994). "Pete Waterman Interview". Stockaitkenwaterman.itgo.com. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  20. mike stock. "History". Stockaitkenwaterman.itgo.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  21. Stock 2004, p. 30.
  22. Stock 2004, p. 29.
  23. "Agents Aren't Aeroplanes – The Upstroke (Vinyl) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  24. "Hi-NRG – House". Electronic Music Styles. Archived from the original on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  25. "1984-08-04 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 4 August 1984. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  26. "1984-08-18 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 18 August 1984. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  27. "Item Display – RPM – Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  28. "Venus – Bananarama". Billboard.com. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  29. "Mel And Kim – Showing Out (Get Fresh at the Weekend)". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  30. "1987-03-28 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 28 March 1987. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  31. Stock 2004, p. 43.
  32. "Classic Tracks: Rick Astley 'Never Gonna Give You Up'". Soundonsound.com. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  33. UK TOP TEN BEST SELLING SINGLES OF 1987. "Top Ten Best Selling UK Singles of 1987". Popreport.co.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  34. "Rick Astley Music News & Info". Billboard.com. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  35. Stock 2004, p. 48.
  36. "1987-04-04 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 4 April 1987. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  37. "Gerry Marsden, Paul McCartney, Holly Johnson and the Christians – Ferry Cross The Mersey". Official Charts Company. 20 May 1989. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  38. Stock 2004, p. 55.
  39. Stock 2004, p. 57.
  40. Gambaccini, Rice, Rice 1990, p. 14.
  41. "1988-03-05 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 5 March 1988. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  42. "Love is in the Air: I Should Be So Lucky". Abc.net.au. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  43. "1988-05-28 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 28 May 1988. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  44. Gambaccini, Rice, Rice 1990, p. 288.
  45. "1988-09-24 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 24 September 1988. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  46. "1989-01-07 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 7 January 1989. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  47. Stock 2004, p. 63.
  48. "1989-03-11 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 11 March 1989. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  49. Archived 29 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  50. Gambaccini. Rice, Rice 1990, p. 15.
  51. Stock 2004, p. 87.
  52. "Journal on the Art of Record Production " Undervalued Stock: Britain's most successful chart producer and his economy of production". Arpjournal.com. 15 November 2005. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  53. Stock 2004, p. 115.
  54. "Mike Stock: The Future Of British Pop". Soundonsound.com. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  55. "Nicki French". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  56. "The Hot 100 : Jun 24, 1995 | Billboard Chart Archive". Billboard.com. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  57. "1994-12-17 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 17 December 1994. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  58. "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 11 May 2008. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  59. "1992-12-12 Top 40 Official UK Singles Archive". Official Charts Company. 12 December 1992. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  60. Uk Top Ten Best Selling Nineties Singles. "Top Ten Best Selling UK Singles of the Nineties". Popreport.co.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  61. "1 November 1999". The Lawyer. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  62. Stock 2004, p. 146.
  63. "Discography Singles | Artist | Track Title | Chart Position | Chart Entry Date | Songwriters | Producers". Mike Stock Music. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  64. "NME Live Reviews – Birmingham NEC". Nme.Com. 20 November 2000. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  65. Stock 2004, p. 148.
  66. Alexis Petridis (2 December 2005). "Alexis Petridis meets Stock, Aitken and Waterman | Music". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  67. "The Go! Go! Go! Show Reviews and Ratings | Ticketmaster". Reviews.ticketmaster.co.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  68. "Brief Encounter With ... Go!Go!Go! Show's Mike Stock – The Go! Go! Go! Show at Leicester Square Theatre – London – Interviews". Whatsonstage.com. 30 August 2010. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  69. "Alton Towers Press:THE GO!GO!GO! SHOW comes to Alton Towers Resort for 2011 season". Press.altontowers.com. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  70. "Go! Go! Go! Show Tickets – Go! Go! Go! London Show Tickets, Go! Go! Go! Show Theatre Tickets, Tickets to Go! Go! Go! Show". Viewlondon.co.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  71. Owens, David. "The Go! Go! Go! Show is the brainchild of hitmaker Mike Stock – Theatre – Lifestyle". WalesOnline. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
  72. "Leicester Square's Empire Cinema to bring back live shows – News". The Stage. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  73. "NickALive!: Nickelodeon UK Announces Partnership with the Show 4 Kids plc To Create Brand New Interstitials With Hit Family Musical Act "The Go!Go!Go! Show" For Nick Jr. UK!". Nickalive.blogspot.co.uk. 5 November 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  74. "The Go! Go! Go! Show goes to Nick Jr | Licensing Industry | News by". Licensing.biz. Archived from the original on 23 June 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  75. "MPG Records". MPG Records.
  76. "THE RETROBOT". YouTube.
  77. Lewis Corner (19 September 2014). "Shayne Ward Announces New Album for February 2015". Digital Spy. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
  78. NSPCC. "Chloe Rose releases single to support Childline". NSPCC.
  79. "Chloe Rose unveils music video for charity single 'For Me'". 23 August 2016.
  80. "New Single : For Me – Chloe Rose". 4 August 2016.
  81. "Chloe Rose, Becky Want". BBC Radio Manchester.
  82. "Meet Chloe Rose And Watch The Video For Her Teen Pop Anthem 'For Me'". 16 August 2016.

References
  • Gambaccini, Paul; Rice, Tim; Rice, Jonathan (1990). Hits of the 80s. Tony Brown (1st publ. ed.). Enfield: Guinness. ISBN 0-85112-398-8.}
  • Gambaccini, Paul; Rice, Tim; Rice, Jonathan (1993). British hit singles. Tony Brown (9th ed.). Enfield: Guinness. ISBN 978-0-85112-526-8.}
  • McWhirter, editor, Donald McFarlan ; founding editor, Norris D. (1990). The Guinness book of records: 1991 (37th ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Pub. ISBN 0-85112-374-0.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)}
  • Napier-Bell, Simon (2001). Black vinyl, white powder. London: Ebury. ISBN 978-0-09-188092-7.}
  • Stock, Mike (2004). The Hit Factory: The Stock Aitken Waterman Story. London: New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. ISBN 1-84330-729-4.}
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.