Minnesota Zoo

The Minnesota Zoo (formerly the Minnesota Zoological Garden), is an AZA-accredited zoo in Apple Valley, Minnesota. When it opened on May 22, 1978[1] it was fairly revolutionary in its exhibit design. The zoo, built in a suburbanizing rural area, had more space to house exhibits and was one of the first zoos to organize its animals by their living environment as opposed to their species. Exhibits are arrayed in six themed areas, including three themed walking trails ranging from one to two miles in length:

  • Medtronic Minnesota Trail, featuring animals native to Minnesota
  • Northern Trail, featuring animals of the north (above the 45th parallel north)
  • Tropics Trail, an indoor walking trail featuring animals from the tropics
  • Discovery Bay, an activity area themed around marine wildlife
  • Russia's Grizzly Coast, a part-indoor, part-outdoor new multi-million exhibit featuring animals from Russia's Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula.
  • Wells Fargo Family Farm, themed around farm animals
Minnesota Zoo
Date openedMay 22, 1978 [1]
LocationApple Valley, Minnesota, United States
Coordinates44°46′07″N 93°11′56″W
Land area485 acres (196 ha)[2]
No. of animals2,351
No. of species447 (2012)[3]
Total volume of tanks1,100,000 US gallons (4,200,000 l)
MembershipsAZA,[4] WAZA[5]
Websitewww.mnzoo.org

The Minnesota Zoo is a state agency. This differs from other zoos in Minnesota and most others in the United States, which are run by municipalities or private organizations. The Minnesota Zoo charges admission and sells annual memberships.

It is also home to a high school, the School of Environmental Studies.

Exhibits and attractions

The Medtronic Minnesota Trail
Wolverines on the Minnesota Trail

The Medtronic Minnesota Trail features animals native to Minnesota. The trail, which had been nearly the same since it opened in 1978, was reopened in 2007 after a year-long renovation. The trail now features a "north woods" look and includes exhibits for raccoons, coyotes, and gray wolves together with long-time residents like beaver, otter, puma, and lynx. Smaller Minnesota animals, like turtles, frogs and salamanders are featured in the exhibit's “trailhead,” which is styled after a lodge. The quarter-mile trail takes guests through more than fifteen wildlife exhibits where they experience a variety of Minnesota landscapes, ranging from views into a beaver pond, a walk alongside a northern forest glade and a bird-watching perch in the treetops. The Minnesota Zoo received the Association of Zoos and Aquarium's (AZA) 2008 Significant Achievement Award for this trail.[6] Animals in this area include:[7]

The Northern Trail
An Amur tiger at the Minnesota Zoo
Leopard with cub at the Minnesota Zoo

The 3/4 mile Northern Trail lets visitors to animals found north of the 45th parallel. The Northern trail could also be seen from the zoo's monorail which was run year round, but permanently closed on Sept 2, 2013 as the trains were outdated and hard to find new parts for. Currently, the zoo is planning to convert the monorail track into an elevated Treetop Trail. Animals in this area include:[8]

Part of the Northern Trail is planned to be replaced by a future exhibit called Asian Highlands. The exhibit will be divided into two: Edge of the Himalayas and Mongolian Steppe. Edge Of the Himalayas will feature snow leopards, musk deer, tragopans, markhors, and red pandas. Food carts, sheltered seating areas and restrooms will be strewn throughout the area.

The Mongolian Steppe will be seen on the exhibit's north side. Pallas cats will be featured in a side exhibit while herds of Asian wild horses, camels, onagers and gazelles roam on a field behind the cats. A camel ride will take visitors along part of the exhibit.

The Tropics Trail
A Malayan tapir at the Minnesota Zoo

The Tropics Trail is an indoor trail that gives the impression of being in a tropical rainforest. Animals in this area include:[9]

Discovery Bay

Discovery Bay contains several aquariums with a combined 1,100,000 US gallons (4,200,000 l) of water. Guests have an opportunity to touch sharks, rays, sea stars and sea anemones in the interactive estuary and tide pool. At the entrance to the Tropics building, you can see the Wyland mural titled “Our Ocean Family,” dedicated on September 8, 1997. Animals in this area include:[10]

Dolphins (1978-2012)

Dolphins were exhibited at the zoo since its opening in 1978 until 2012. Hawaiian monk seals now reside in the dolphin tank. Director Lee Ehmke mentioned that in the future, perhaps a slim chance will come along that will allow the return of dolphins to the Minnesota Zoo.[11]

In 1992, Rio gave birth to the zoo's first successful captive-born dolphin, a male named "Shadow" sired by Semo.

In March 2006, Rio died at 35. She came to the Minnesota Zoo from the New York Aquarium in 1980. Rio gave birth to four calves at the Minnesota Zoo.[12] One of Rio's calves, 7 month old Harley, died earlier in January 2006 in a freak accident. He had been learning to swim between the pools when he jumped out of the water and hit his head on the deck between the pools.[13] Another dolphin, "Ayla", who suffered from Scoliosis or curvature of the spine, was euthanized at age 14 in December 2006. She had stopped eating and stopped responding to her medication.[14] At that time the remaining dolphins at the zoo were "Spree," "Chinook" and "Semo."

In 2007, the zoo shipped Chinook, a 24-year-old male, to the National Aquarium in Baltimore. Chinook was moved because the aquarium had seven adult females and no adult males. Chinook fathered a calf and then moved to the Brookfield Zoo in 2010.[15]

Two females; Allie, and her mother, April were additions to the Minnesota Zoo's bottlenose dolphin family in 2008. Both arrived on January 14, 2008 from Dolphin Connection in Florida.

In September 2009, three bottlenose dolphins from the Brookfield Zoo arrived at the Discovery Bay habitat while their home stadium, the Seven Seas Dolphinarium, was being renovated. The three dolphins, Tapeko, and her daughters Noelani and Allison, remained in Minnesota for roughly six months until the tank in Brookfield was completed in the spring of 2010. This eventually brought the Minnesota Zoo's dolphin population up to 7. On April 15, 2010, Tapeko, Noelani, and Allison, made the return trip back to the Brookfield Zoo. Spree too was sent to Brookfield after it was decided she would have a better chance at acclimating herself to their social structure as she was generally outcast by Semo, April and Allie.

Semo had impregnated Allie in mid 2008. However, Allie suffered a stillbirth on March 26, 2009, much to the disappointment of zoo staff. In November 2009, it was confirmed by ultrasound that Allie was pregnant yet again, by Semo this time as well. The female calf was born on July 17, 2010, and through a Facebook vote was named Tajiah in late 2010.[16] By January 2011, the pod consisted of 47-year-old Semo, 42-year-old April, her 23-year-old daughter Allie, and Allie's 6-month-old calf Taijah.

Dolphin shows at the zoo were put on hiatus in 2011. With Semo in his mid 40s, the zoo felt it was best for them to avoid the more high-energetic behaviors usually performed by the younger members of the group.[17]

On February 15, 2011, April died and a necropsy was pending to determine cause of death.[18] April was around 42 years old, making her one of the older bottlenose dolphins known in human care.

On February 6, 2012, Semo and Allie's ​1 1⁄2-year-old calf Tajiah died suddenly of complications from a stomach ulcer.[19][20]

In all, a total of 19 dolphins have been housed at the zoo over the years: Semo, Flipper, April, Rio, Vince, Mindy, Chinook, Allie, Shadow, DJ, Ayla, Mindy's 1997 stillborn, Spree, Harley, Tapeko, Noelani, Allison, Allie's 2009 stillborn, and Taijah. As of 2013, Semo, Tapeko, Chinook, Allie, Shadow, Spree, Noelani, and Allison were still alive. Flipper, April, and Rio all surpassed the average expected lifespan of a bottlenose dolphin at approximately 38 years, 42 years, and 35 years respectively.

End of the dolphin exhibit

On May 14, 2012, the zoo announced that the dolphin exhibit would come to a permanent end come fall.[19] The Minnesota Legislature had recently granted the zoo $4 million towards the renovation of the Discovery Bay dolphin tanks, which were in need of repairs.[11] The zoo had originally intended to temporarily transport its two remaining bottlenose dolphins, Semo and Allie, to other zoos or parks until renovations were complete, but the decision was made to end the dolphin exhibit once Semo and Allie were shipped out.

It was unclear at the time where Semo and Allie would be shipped. It was assumed that because the Minnesota Zoo was part of the Dolphin Consortium (essentially a program that ensures genetic diversity among captive bottlenose dolphins), which consists of The Seas with Nemo and Friends at Epcot, the National Aquarium in Baltimore, Indianapolis Zoo, Dolphin Connection, Texas State Aquarium, and the Brookfield Zoo; one or the other were planned to be shipped to one of these locations.[11] Semo's transfer was dubbed a "retirement". At nearly 50 years old, he was one of the oldest surviving male dolphins in human care.[19]

On October 3, 2012, Semo and Allie were transferred out of the zoo. Semo was moved to Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo, California, while Allie was sent back to the Brookfield Zoo just outside Chicago. Semo died on May 1, 2018, at Discovery Kingdom. He was 54 years old and apparently died of natural causes [21]

Hawaiian monk seals (2015-present)

In May, 2015, The Minnesota Zoo welcomed five critically endangered Hawaiian monk seals. The seals; "Nani", "Koa", "Ola", "Paki", and "Opua" are all female and were transferred to the zoo from SeaWorld San Antonio. All had been previously rescued after having been discovered malnourished and subsequently deemed unable to release in the wild. The seals will act as ambassadors to their critically endangered wild cousins as the zoo plans to offer daily, educational demonstrations with the seals in the newly upgraded "Discovery Bay" marine mammal tanks which housed the zoo's resident bottlenose dolphins up until 2012.

Wells Fargo Family Farm
Milking a goat at the farm

The Wells Fargo Family Farm, which opened in May 2000, allows guests to touch and interact with domestic animals. The Farm exhibit showcases goats, sheep, pigs, cows, chickens, and horses in a beautiful farm landscape. The Farm, a seasonal exhibit, is open every day beginning in April; the popular "Farm Babies" event marks the beginning each year. The Farm closes each fall for the season.[22] The zoo has also created an interactive game about the farm called "Who Pooped @ the Farm".[23] The farm also gives a chance for visitors to watch the staff milk the cows.[24]

Russia's Grizzly Coast
Brown bear

Russia's Grizzly Coast gives visitors a chance to see animals that live around Russia's Pacific coast, including sea otters, grizzly bears, Amur tigers, Amur leopards, and wild boars in environments reminiscent of their homes in the Russian Far East.[25] The 10,116-square-meter (2.5-acre), $23 million facility was the most expensive project to date at the zoo, and opened in June, 2008.[26][27][28]

3M Penguins of the African Coast

On July 9, 2011, the zoo premiered a new exhibit focused on African penguins.

IMAX Theater

The Great Clips IMAX Theatre is located on zoo grounds. At seven stories tall, as of 2014 it remains the largest IMAX theatre in Minnesota. It underwent a transition from analog to digital during the summer of 2014.[29] In an email sent from the Minnesota Zoo to zoo members on January 18, 2019, it was announced that IMAX corporate will permanently close the facility on January 27, 2019.[30] No reason was given. The zoo and IMAX had a partnership in which the zoo would show nature documentaries and IMAX would show mainstream movies.[30]

Other attractions

There is also an outdoor amphitheater that is used for bird shows during summer zoo hours. After hours, the amphitheater is used for a popular "Music in the Zoo" series. The Minnesota zoo has a conservation carousel. The ride consist 56 animals from around the world. In order to ride the conservation carousel, zoo admission is required.[31]

Past exhibits

One of the first and perhaps most popular exhibits at the zoo was the beluga whale exhibit. The exhibit was home to two belugas, a male by the name of Anookalik (nicknamed "Big Mouth"), and a female by the name of Anana (nicknamed "Little Girl"). In later years, a bone infection was found within "Big Mouth's" jawbone (resulting from a collision with one of the tank fixtures) and forced immediate transfer of both whales to SeaWorld San Diego in the hopes of obtaining a more sophisticated means of veterinary treatment. In April 1987, a crowd of nearly 30,000 people filled the gates of the Minnesota Zoo to bid their final farewells to the two whales, who were transferred out of the zoo shortly thereafter. Little Girl died of heart failure on June 13, 1989, at the age of fourteen. Big Mouth, whose bone infection eventually proved to be fatal, was euthanized on July 16, 1990, at the age of seventeen.

The zoo also was home to a monorail from 1979 until it closed September 2, 2013.[32]

In 1987, the zoo served as the filming location for All About Animals, a title in the Little Schoolhouse series of educational children's videos.[33]

See also

Notes
  1. http://www.mnzoo.org/guests/birthday/index.asp retrieved October 22, 2006
  2. Minnesota Monthly, May 2010
  3. "Animals at the Zoo". mnzoo.org. Minnesota Zoo. Archived from the original on May 20, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  4. "Currently Accredited Zoos and Aquariums". aza.org. AZA. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  5. "Zoos and Aquariums of the World". waza.org. WAZA. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  6. Minnesota Zoo/ Minnesota Trail Closes for Renovations Retrieved October 22, 2006
  7. "Medtronic Minnesota Trail". mnzoo.org. Minnesota Zoo. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  8. "Northern Trail". mnzoo.org. Minnesota Zoo. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  9. "Tropics Trail". mnzoo.org. Minnesota Zoo. Archived from the original on August 7, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  10. "Discovery Bay". mnzoo.org. Minnesota Zoo. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  11. Brooks, Jennifer So Long and thanks for all the fish Star Tribune, May 14, 2012
  12. KARE 11 Staff Writer - Minnesota Zoo loses another dolphin. KARE 11, March 7, 2006
  13. Kennedy, Patrick - Minnesota Zoo's baby dolphin dies after leaping out of pool; Young Harley might have become frightened or confused while he was practicing swimming maneuvers with his mother, Rio. Star Tribune, January 22, 2006. "Harley, the 7-month old dolphin at the Minnesota Zoo, died Saturday afternoon in a freak accident. The 5 1/2-foot-long, 120-pound male had been learning to swim between two back pools with his mother when he jumped out of the water and hit his head, according to Kevin Willis, director of biological programs at the zoo in Apple Valley. The two back pools are separated by a 6-foot-long, 6-foot-wide, 6-foot-deep channel. Gates separate the back pools and the presentation pool where dolphin shows are performed. Harley was just learning to negotiate his way between the east and west pools, and the training was going well, Willis said. A staff member working the back pools saw Harley and his mother, Rio, swim from one pool to the other. Rio then swam back across the channel, but Harley trailed behind. Either frightened or confused, he jumped out of the water and hit his head on the deck."
  14. Lindsay, Meggen - Minnesota Zoo dolphin Ayla, 14, dies after long struggle with scoliosis. Saint Paul Pioneer Press (St. Paul, MN), December 2, 2006
  15. Farewell to Chinook. National Aquarium, June 25, 2010
  16. MN Zoo facebook fans name new dolphin calf. Kare 11, November 15, 2010
  17. Minnesota Zoo - Bottlenose Dolphin - Behind the scenes Retrieved April 17, 2011, "In cooperation with other facilities with dolphins, we are growing our dolphin population. Semo's healthy and active, but is getting a little too old for many of the high-energy behaviors that have thrilled guests for years."
  18. Walsh, Paul - April, 'beloved' bottlenose dolphin, dies at Minnesota Zoo. Archived 2011-02-18 at the Wayback Machine Star Tribune, February 15, 2011
  19. Walsh, Paul - Minnesota Zoo will end its Dolphin Exhibit. Star Tribune, May 14, 2012
  20. Fleming, April - Minnesota Zoo dolphin calf Taijah dies unexpectedly Pioneer Press, February 8, 2012
  21. Walsh, Paul - Semo the dolphin, longtime Minnesota Zoo favorite, dies in Calif. theme park Star Tribune, MAY 3, 2018. Quote:"At age 54, he was the oldest known male bottlenose dolphin in the United States."
  22. "Wells Fargo Family Farm". mnzoo.org. Minnesota Zoo. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  23. "Who Pooped @ the Farm". whopooped.org. Minnesota Zoo. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  24. "Calendar - Minnesota Zoo". Minnesota Zoo. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
  25. "Russia's Grizzly Coast". mnzoo.org. Minnesota Zoo. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  26. Weber, Tom (June 6, 2008). "'Grizzly Coast' takes Minnesota Zoo visitors to Russia". minnesota.publicradio.org. Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  27. "Russia's Grizzly Coast and Central Plaza" (PDF). aza.org. Minnesota Zoo. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 15, 2010. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  28. Smith, Steve Boyd. "Russia's Grizzly Coast: Sea Otter". zoolex.org. WAZA. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  29. http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2014/06/09/minnesota-zoos-imax-theatre-goes-digital-for-summer/
  30. Weniger, Deanna - Minnesota Zoo’s IMAX theater to close at the end of January St. Paul Pioneer Press, January 20, 20
  31. "Attractions". Minnesota Zoo. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  32. https://www.wired.com/2013/10/minnesota-zoo-monorail/
  33. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-jOHvpR29o
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