Mirpur District

The Mirpur District (Urdu: ضلع میرپور‎) is one of the 10 districts of Pakistan's dependent territory of Azad Kashmir.[1]The Mirpur District is bounded on the north by the Kotli District, on th east by the Bhimber District, on the south by the Gujrat District of Pakistan's Punjab Province, on the south-west by the Jhelum District of Pakistan's Punjab Province, and on the west by Rawalpindi District of Pakistan's Punjab Province.The district is named after its main city, Mirpur. The Mirpur District has a population of 456,200[2] and covers an area of 1,010 km2 (390 sq mi). The district is mainly mountainous with some plains. Its hot, dry climate and other geographical conditions closely resemble those of the Gujrat District and the Jhelum District, the adjoining districts of Pakistan's Punjab Province.

For other places called Mirpur, see Mirpur (disambiguation).
Mirpur District

ضلع میرپور
District of Azad Kashmir
Map of Azad Kashmir with the Mirpur District highlighted in red
Sovereign state Pakistan
Dependent territory Azad Kashmir
DivisionMirpur Division
HeadquartersMirpur
Area
 • Total1,010 km2 (390 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)
 • Total456,200
 • Density452/km2 (1,170/sq mi)
Number of tehsils2

History
Map of Azad Kashmir with the Mirpur Division highlighted in red
(The Mirpur Division is roughly coterminus with the pre-1947 Mirpur District.)

During the British Raj, the Mirpur District was one of the five districts of the Jammu Province in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.[3][4] According to the 1941 census, the it had a population of 386,655, roughly 80% of whom were Muslim and 16% of whom were Hindu.[5] It consisted of three tehsils: the Bhimber Tehsil, the Kotli Tehsil, and the Mirpur Tehsil.[6] The Bhimber Tehsil and the Kotli Tehsil were subsequently elevated to district status. The three districts presently constitute the Mirpur Division of Azad Kashmir. Small portions of the former Mirpur District were included in the Rajouri District of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.

The original Mirpur District, along with the Poonch District and the Rajouri District, had close geographic, ethnic, and cultural ties with the West Punjab area, more so than with the city of Jammu and the rest of the Jammu Province. Due to those reasons, scholar Christopher Snedden stated that the people of Mirpur area had a strong desire to join Pakistan during the partition.[7]

In November 1947, the Mirpur District was the site of the Mirpur Massacre, where many Hindus, Sikhs, and refugees from the partition, were killed by armed Pakistani tribesmen and soldiers.[8]

Language and ethnicity

There is considerable ambiguity surrounding the name of the local language:[9] its speakers call it variously Pahari, Mirpur Pahari, Mirpuri, and Pothwari,[10] while some label it as Punjabi.[11] Sociolinguists have regarded it as one of the three major dialects of the Pahari-Pothwari language complex,[12] which is intermediate between Lahnda and Punjabi.[13] Mirpur Pahari is mutually intelligible with the other two major dialects – Pothwari of the Potohar Plateau in the Punjab Province and the Pahari spoken to the north in Azad Kashmir and around Murree – and shares with them between 77% and 84% of its basic vocabulary,[14] although the difference with the northernmost varieties (in Muzaffarabad) is sufficient to impede understanding.[15] Mirpuri speakers have a strong sense of Kashmiri identity that takes precedence over linguistic identification with closely related groups outside of Azad Kashmir.[16] Another language spoken in the Mirpur District is Gujari. The local dialect is closely related to the Gujari varieties spoken in the rest of Azad Kashmir and in the Hazara region.[17] Other languages spoken include Urdu and English.

Government

The district is administratively subdivided into two tehsils:[18]

Villages

Dadyal Tehsil

Mirpur Tehsil

References
  1. - Government Website
  2. "Census 2017: AJK population rises to over 4m". The Nation. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
  3. Karim, Kashmir The Troubled Frontiers 2013, pp. 29-32.
  4. Behera, Demystifying Kashmir 2007, p. 15.
  5. Snedden 2001, p. 118.
  6. Snedden 2001, p. 112.
  7. Snedden 2001, p. 120.
  8. https://www.jammukashmirnow.com/Encyc/2019/11/25/25-November-1947-Mirpur-massacre-An-ill-fated-day-that-reminds-us-of-injustice-and-infringement-brutality-and-bloodshed.html
  9. Lothers & Lothers 2010, p. 100.
  10. Lothers & Lothers 2010, pp. 2–3, 5, 19, 100.
  11. Lothers & Lothers 2010, p. 44.
  12. Lothers & Lothers 2010, p. 2.
  13. Shackle 1979, p. 201.
  14. Lothers & Lothers 2010, pp. 2, 24.
  15. Lothers & Lothers 2010, p. 86.
  16. Shackle 2007, p. 114.
  17. Hallberg & O'Leary 1992, pp. 111–12. The variety surveyed is from Kotli, to the north of Mirpur District
  18. "Tehsils of Mirpur District on AJK map". ajk.gov.pk. AJK Official Portal. Retrieved 18 November 2019.

Bibliography
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