Mitrobates

Mitrobates (c. 520 BCE) was an Achaemenid satrap of Daskyleion (Hellespontine Phrygia) under the reigns of Cyrus the Great, by whom he was nominated, and Cambyses. After Cambyses died, and during the struggles for succession that followed, he is said to have been assassinated, together with his son Cranaspes, by the neighbouring satrap of Lydia, Oroetes, who had expansionist views on Anatolian territory.[1][2] After that, Oroetes added the territory of Hellespontine Phrygia to his own territory of Lydia.[3]

After Cambyses had died and the Magians won the kingship, Oroetes stayed in Sardis, where he in no way helped the Persians to regain the power taken from them by the Medes, but contrariwise; for in this confusion he slew two notable Persians, Mitrobates, the governor from Dascyleium, who had taunted him concerning Polycrates, and Mitrobates' son Cranaspes; and besides many other violent deeds, when a messenger from Darius came with a message which displeased him, he set an ambush by the way and killed that messenger on his journey homewards, and made away with the man's body and horse. So when Darius became king he was minded to punish Oroetes for all his wrongdoing, and chiefly for the killing of Mitrobates and his son.

— Herodotus III, 126-127.[4]

Location of Hellespontine Phrygia, and the provincial capital of Dascylium, in the Achaemenid Empire, c. 500 BCE

Coinage of Hellespontine Phrygia at the time of Mitrobates, Kyzikos, Mysia. Circa 550-500 BC

Coinage of Hellespontine Phrygia at the time of Mitrobates, Kyzikos, Mysia. Circa 550-500 BC

These events took place in the troubled times of the interregnum between Cambyses and Darius I, with the usurpation of Gaumata, whom Herodotus refers to as "the Magians".[5] The story of early satraps of Asia Minor, including Mitrobates, was related by Herodotus.[5]

Mitrobates is the first known Persian satrap of Daskyleion (c. 525–522). Following the reorganization of Darius I, he was succeeded by Megabazus (circa 500 BC) and then his son Oebares II (c. 493) and Artabazus (479), who established the Persian Pharnacid dynasty, which would rule Hellespontine Phrygia until the conquests of Alexander the Great (338 BCE).[6]

References

1. Thomas, Rodney Lawrence (2010). Magical Motifs in the Book of Revelation. A&C Black. p. 119. ISBN 9780567226860.
2. Dusinberre, Elspeth R. M. (2013). Empire, Authority, and Autonomy in Achaemenid Anatolia. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 9781107018266.
3. Grote, George (2018). History of Greece Volume 4: Greeks and Persians. Charles River Editors. pp. 324–325. ISBN 9781625399984.
4. Herodotus III, 126-127. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
5. Cambridge Ancient History. Cambridge University Press. 1924. p. 214. ISBN 9780521228046.
6. Briant, Pierre (2002). From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Eisenbrauns. p. 351. ISBN 9781575061207.