Mockingboard

The Mockingboard (a pun on "Mockingbird") is a sound card for the Apple II family of microcomputers built by Sweet Micro Systems, which improve on the Apple II's limited sound capabilities.

Mockingboard V1

In 1981, Sweet Micro Systems began designing products not only for creating music, but speech and general sound effects as well,[1] culminating in the release of the Mockingboard in 1983.[2] The Mockingboard's hardware allowed programmers to create complex, high-quality sound without need for constant CPU attention. The Mockingboard could be connected to the Apple's built-in speaker or to external speakers. However, as the quality of the built-in speaker was not high, the instruction manual recommended obtaining external speakers.

The Mockingboard was available in various models for either the slot-based Apple II / Apple II Plus / Apple IIe systems or in one special model for the Apple IIc. Sound was generated through one or more AY-3-8910 or compatible sound chips, with one chip offering three square-wave synthesis channels. The boards could also be equipped with an optional speech chip (a Votrax SC-01 or compatible).

Some software products supported more than one Mockingboard. Ultima V supported two boards, for a total of 12 voices, of which it used eight. Most other programs supported at most one board with six voices.

Applied Engineering's Phasor was compatible with the Mockingboard. It had 4 sound chips and thus provided 12 audio channels. Few programs supported using it for more than six voices, however.

In 2005, an Apple II retrocomputing hardware company, ReactiveMicro.com, cloned the Mockingboard and offered it for sale. It is also fairly easy to build a clone on a prototyping board, since the Mockingboard contains relatively few components.

An IBM PC-compatible version was developed, but was only distributed with Bank Street Music Writer.[3]

Models

Early models
  • Sound I: one AY-3-8910 chip for three audio channels
  • Speech I: one SC-01 chip
  • Sound II: two AY-3-8910 chips for six audio channels
  • Sound/Speech I: one AY-3-8910 and one SC-01

Later models
  • Mockingboard A: two AY-3-8913 chips for six audio channels and two open sockets for SSI-263 speech chips
  • Mockingboard B: SSI-263 speech chip upgrade for Mockingboard A
  • Mockingboard C: two AY-3-8913 and one SSI-263 (essentially a Mockingboard A with the upgrade pre-installed, only one speech chip allowed)
  • Mockingboard D: for Apple IIc only, not software compatible with the other Mockingboards, two AY-3-8913 and one SSI-263
  • Mockingboard M: Bundled with Mindscape's Bank Street Music Writer, with two AY-3-8913 chips and an open socket for one speech chip. This model included a headphone jack and a jumper to permit sound to be played through the Apple's built-in speaker.
  • Mockingboard v1: A clone of the Mockingboard A from ReactiveMicro.com
  • Mockingboard for IIc: This mocking board is software compatible with the other Mockingboard A/C without voice. Special designed for the APPLE IIc. install on the CPU socket. Used two AY-3-8912 and CPLD for IO Bus interface. Developed by Ian Kim in Korea.
  • Mustalgame Card: Mockingboard clone from Capital Computer Co (Hong Kong) with two AY-3-891x chips. Integrated Software Automatic Mouth (S.A.M.) for speech synthesis. Amplifies Apple II speaker sound without need for interconnecting cable.[4][5]

Other compatible cards
  • Mega Audio: emulates 2 x Mockingboard cards without voice support, 1 x ALF Music card, 4 x S.A.M.-cards (4 x DAC). Developed by A2Heaven.[6]
  • Phasor (sound_synthesizer): emulates 2 x Mockingboard cards with optional voice support, 1 x ALF Music Card. Developed by Applied Engineering.
  • SD Music card: First FM sound card for APPLE II, Used a YM2413 and ATmega128 to emulate Mockingboard A/C without voice support. It provide Maximum 9 voices and provide direct register control for YM2413. Developed by Ian Kim in Korea.

See also

References
  1. http://apple2history.org/history/ah13/
  2. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. (17 January 1983). InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. pp. 57–. ISSN 0199-6649.
  3. Leonard, Jim (2011-09-09). "The PC Mockingboard". Oldskooler Ramblings. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  4. Mustalgame photos - Apple II Documentation Project
  5. Mustalgame manual - Apple II Documentation Project
  6. Mega Audio at A2Heaven online store
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