Monoplex parthenopeus

Monoplex parthenopeus,[3][4] common name the giant triton or giant hairy triton, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cymatiidae.[2] It preys on other molluscs.

Not to be confused with Charonia tritonis.

Monoplex parthenopeus
Temporal range: Miocene - Recent
Apertural view of Monoplex parthenopeus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Family: Cymatiidae
Genus: Monoplex
Species:
M. parthenopeus
Binomial name
Monoplex parthenopeus
Synonyms[2]
  • Cymatium (Monoplex) echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961
  • Cymatium (Monoplex) echo iwakawanum sensu Kuroda & Kira Shikama, 1964
  • Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793)
  • Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
  • Cymatium echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961
  • Cymatium parthenopeum (Von Salis, 1793)
  • Cymatium parthenopeum parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793)
  • Cymatium turtoni E. A. Smith, 1890
  • Dissentoma prima Pilsbry, 1945
  • Monoplex australasiae Perry, 1811
  • Murex costatus Born, 1778
  • Murex costulatus Risso, 1826
  • Murex parthenopus Salis-Marschlins, 1793
  • Ranella parthenopaeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793) (incorrect generic placement; incorrect grammatical agreement of species epithet)
  • Ranella pyramidata Risso, 1826
  • Triton (Simpulum) acclivis Hutton, 1873
  • Triton abbreviatum Bellardi in d'Ancona, 1872
  • Triton acclivis Hutton, 1873
  • Triton americanum d’Orbigny, 1842
  • Triton brasilianum Gould, 1849
  • Triton fossatum Gould, 1860
  • Triton parthenopaeum [sic] (misspelling of Triton parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793))
  • Triton parthenopaeum var. antupa de Gregorio, 1885
  • Triton parthenopaeum var. milona de Gregorio, 1884
  • Triton parthenopaeum var. peribranta de Gregorio, 1884
  • Triton parthenopaeum var. sbilpa de Gregorio, 1885
  • Triton succinctum Lamarck, 1816

Fossil records

This species have been recorded as fossils from the Miocene to the Quaternary (from 15.97 to 0.0 million years ago).[5]

Distribution

This species occurs worldwide including:

Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 180 mm.[7]

Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m.[7] Maximum recorded depth is 75 m.[7]

Life cycle

Hairy tritons are notable for having particularly long planktonic periods. The veliger larvae remain in the plankton for nearly 300 days, dispersing as far as 4000 km.[8] This is the longest known larval duration and dispersal distance of any marine invertebrate which occurs along the west coast of North America.[9]

  • A shell of Monoplex parthenopeus with periostracum removed
  • Same shell, apertural view
  • Apertural view of Monoplex parthenopeus echo (Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961) with operculum and periostracum attached
  • Fossil shell of Monoplex parthenopeus from Pliocene of Italy

References
  1. Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Cymatium parthenopaeum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000: e.T6069A12386021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T6069A12386021.en.
  2. Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis-Marschlins, 1793). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 December 2018.
  3. "Cymatium parthenopeum (Salis, 1793)", CLEMAM, accessed 18 February 2011.
  4. "Cymatium parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793)". Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. accessed 17 February 2011.
  5. Fossilworks
  6. Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  7. Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLOS One 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.
  8. Scheltema, R. S. 1971. Larval dispersal as a means of genetic exchange between geographically separated populations of shoalwater benthic marine gastropods. Biological Bulletin 140:284–322.
  9. AL Shanks, BA Grantham, MH Carr (2003) Propagule dispersal distance and the size and spacing of marine reserves. Ecological Applications, 13, S159-S169.
  • Gofas, S.; Afonso, J.P.; Brandào, M. (Ed.). (S.a.). Conchas e Moluscos de Angola = Coquillages et Mollusques d'Angola. [Shells and molluscs of Angola]. Universidade Agostinho / Elf Aquitaine Angola: Angola. 140 pp
  • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
  • Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.
  • Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas
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