Morialta Conservation Park

Morialta Conservation Park, formerly the Morialta Falls Reserve and the Morialta Falls National Pleasure Resort, is a protected area 10 km north-east of Adelaide city centre, in the state of South Australia, Australia. The park is in a rugged bush environment, with a narrow gorge set with three waterfalls, bounded by steep ridges and cliffs. The park caters to many activities, including bushwalking, bird watching and rock climbing.

Morialta Conservation Park
South Australia
IUCN category III (natural monument or feature)[1]
Morialta Conservation Park showing First Falls and Morialta Gorge, note scree slope at far right.
Morialta Conservation Park
Nearest town or cityAdelaide
Coordinates34°54′02″S 138°42′38″E
Established15 July 1915 (1915-07-15)[2]
Area5.33 km2 (2.1 sq mi)
Visitation300,000 (in 2001)[3]:ii
Managing authoritiesDepartment for Environment and Water
WebsiteMorialta Conservation Park
See alsoProtected areas of South Australia

The name is probably derived from the Kaurna name Marriyarta, meaning "eastern land or country".

History
Giant's Cave

John Smith Reid who was a landholder in the area, is reported as offering to donate part of his land in 1911 to create a national reserve. Reid donated 218 hectares (540 acres) in 1913. On 15 July 1915, the land was declared a National Pleasure Resort under the National Pleasure Resorts Act 1914 with the name, Morialta Falls Reserve.[2] Much of the construction work in the National Pleasure Resort was begun in the 1920s and 1930s, although floods and bushfires have destroyed much of this original work. In 1966 additional property to the east was added. On 29 September 1966, a proclamation made under the Crown Lands Act 1929 resumed all of the land occupied by the National Pleasure Resort and then divided it into a reserve for "waterworks purposes" and a reserve with the name, the Morialta Falls National Pleasure Resort.[4] On 27 April 1972, the national pleasure resort was reconstituted under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 as the Morialta Conservation Park.[5]

In 1980, it was listed on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate.[6]

Major rebuilding was required after flooding in 1980, and flooding in November 2005 again caused damage to paths and walkways.

Prior use of the land

The land which now constitutes the Park was originally the land of the Kaurna people. Morialta is a word derived from the Kaurna language, originally thought to be marri-yartalla, "marri" meaning east and yertala meaning "flowing water".[7] More recent research has shown that the etymology of the word is marri, meaning "east" and probably yarta, meaning "land, earth, country", or possibly yalta, meaning "cool, fresh, airy"; therefore, probably meaning "eastern land or country".[8][9]

It is said that the area was used as a hunting ground, and to collect firewood, during the winter months when the Kaurna would retreat from the coast to the hills. It is also said that they practised fire-stick farming here.[3]:19[10] The area's religious significance appears to be lost to time. For in 1839, only three years after the proclamation of the British colony of South Australia in 1836, the area was granted by the new South Australian Government to pastoralists.[11] In 1847, John Baker bought the land and built the grand Morialta House and Morialta Barns on Fourth Creek, near the head of the gorge.[12]

Geography and climate
First Falls
Second Falls
Morialta Third Falls

Morialta Conservation Park covers 5.33 km² within the Mount Lofty Ranges, which run north–south to the east of Adelaide's coastal plain. It is bounded by Black Hill Conservation Park on the north, Norton Summit road on the south, the suburb of Rostrevor on the west, and by agricultural land on the east.

The park lies mostly on either side of Morialta Gorge, along the bottom of which runs Fourth Creek. There are three waterfalls on the creek, named respectively First, Second and Third Falls.

The main access to the park is via the vehicle entrance off Morialta Road, and there is walking access at various points along Norton Summit Road.

Morialta shares Adelaide's Mediterranean climate, with average temperatures of 17 degrees Celsius in winter, to 28 degrees during summer. The park receives average annual rainfall of 800 mm, mostly between May and September. During summer (December to February) temperatures can rise above 40 degrees.

Activities

The park caters for a variety of activities, including bushwalking, picnics, rock climbing and bird watching. There are many walking paths within the park. A project has recently finished, installing a large nature play area in the foot of the park.

White Faced Heron in Morialta Conservation Park

Rock Climbing
Toproping Balthazar (12) near Boulder Bridge.

Being only 10 km from the centre of Adelaide and having a large number of climbs, Morialta is one of the most popular rock climbing areas in South Australia.[13] The rock is quartzite, and there are heavy duty rings at the top of most routes to allow for easy top-roping.[14]

There are several crags along both sides of the gorge. On the southern side, from the western end, there is Milestone Buttress, The Outcrops, The Buttress, Billiard Table, Boulder Bridge, Throne Room and Far Crag. On the northern side there is The Lost Walls and Thorn Buttress.[15] Far Crag is one of the more popular crags, with over 67 routes graded from 4 (Ewbanks) to 27.

History

The first climbing at Morialta was in 1962 by a group from the Adelaide University Mountain Club (AUMC). Four members of the club were given an introduction by the National Fitness Council of South Australia and began regular climbing at the site. Access at this time was from the western end of the park (the Adelaide side) and so the cliffs to the western end were climbed first. No documentation of the climbing occurred until 1968, when Far Crag was discovered. It was named such because it is the furthest from the western end and so had the longest walk to reach it.[16]

A large number of routes were put up at the park up until the 1970s. A visit by international climbers in 1971 saw the standards of free climbing increase at the park, with many new bold routes being led. The late-1970s saw grades at the park reach 25.[17]

Remarkably, The Lost Walls were not discovered until 1986, hence their name and is the most recent addition of a significant number of climbs. 1994 saw the highest graded new route put up in the park, at 27.[18] Access is now from Norton Summit Road, on the southern side of the park.

Style of climbing

The highest volume of climbing in the gorge is done on top rope, which is made especially easy by the provision of regularly tested steel rings at the tops of many climbs. These rings greatly simplify the task of building an anchor, making outdoor climbing accessible to a broader range of people.

Although most routes can be top-roped, there are routes which are bolted for sport climbing, or suitable for traditional climbing with natural gear, or a mixture of both. Often a route which is suitable for sport or traditional climbing can also be top-roped.

Notes and references
Notes
  1. "Terrestrial Protected Areas of South Australia (refer 'DETAIL' tab )". CAPAD 2016. Australian Government, Department of the Environment (DoE). 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  2. Styles, A.W. (15 July 1915). "GRANT OF MORIALTA FALLS AS A PUBLIC PLEASURE RESORT, &c" (PDF). The South Australian Government Gazette. South Australian Government. p. 330. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  3. Morialta and Black Hill Conservation Parks Management Plan (PDF), Department for Environment and Heritage, Government of South Australia, 2001, pp. ii, 19, ISBN 0-7590-1000-5, retrieved 12 July 2019
  4. Shard, A.J. (29 September 1966). "CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929-1965: HUNDRED OF ADELAIDE—RESERVES RESUMED AND DEDICATED" (PDF). The South Australian Government. Government of South Australia. p. 1450. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  5. "No. 56 of 1972 (National Parks and Wildlife Act, 1972)". The South Australian Government Gazette. Government of South Australia: 660 & 700. 27 April 1972. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  6. "Morialta Conservation Park, Morialta Falls Rd, Woodforde, SA, Australia - listing on the now-defunct Register of the National Estate (Place ID 6488)". Australian Heritage Database. Department of the Environment. 21 October 1980. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  7. Amery, Rob; Buckskin, Vincent (Jack) Kanya (March 2009). "Chapter 10. Pinning down Kaurna names: Linguistic issues arising in the development of the Kaurna Placenames Database" (PDF). In Hercus, Luise; Hodges, Flavia; Simpson, Jane (eds.). The Land is a Map: Placenames of Indigenous Origin in Australia. ANU Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-1921536571.
  8. Schulz, Chester (16 August 2017). "Place Name Summary (PNS) 2/01: Marriyarta (or Marriyalta?)" (PDF). Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi. The Southern Kaurna Place Names Project. University of Adelaide.
  9. Amery, Rob (2016). "Chapter 8. Kaurna in Society". Warraparna Kaurna!: Reclaiming an Australian language. University of Adelaide Press. p. 204. JSTOR 10.20851/j.ctt1sq5wgq.18. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  10. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. "Baker, John (1813–1872)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  13. Pritchard 2002 p 175
  14. Neagle 1997, p41
  15. Neagle 1997, p47
  16. Neagle 1997, pp41-43
  17. Neagle 1997, p44
  18. Neagle 1997, p45
References
  • Pritchard, Greg (2002), Climbing Australia : the essential guide, New Holland, ISBN 978-1-86436-694-5
  • Neagle, Nick (1997), The Adelaide Hills : a rock climber's guide, N. Neagle, ISBN 978-0-646-32427-2
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