Murray Bridge, South Australia

Murray Bridge (formerly Mobilong and Edwards Crossing) is a city in the Australian state of South Australia, located 76 kilometres (47 mi) east-southeast of the state's capital city, Adelaide, and 77 kilometres (48 mi) north of the town of Meningie. The city had an urban population of approximately 18,779 as at June 2018[1] making it the fifth most populous urban area in the state after Adelaide, Mount Gambier, Victor Harbor - Goolwa and Whyalla.

Murray Bridge
South Australia
Main street of Murray Bridge
Murray Bridge
Coordinates35.117°S 139.267°E / -35.117; 139.267
Population18,779 (2018)[1]
 • Density192.61/km2 (498.84/sq mi)
Established1924
Postcode(s)5253[2]
Area97.5 km2 (37.6 sq mi)[3] (2011 urban)
Time zoneACST (UTC+9:30)
 • Summer (DST)ACDT (UTC+10:30)
Location76 km (47 mi) ESE of Adelaide
LGA(s)Rural City of Murray Bridge
State electorate(s)Hammond
Federal Division(s)Barker
Localities around Murray Bridge:
Pallamana
Rocky Gully		 Murray Bridge North
Northern Heights
Mobilong		 Riverglades
Murray Bridge East
White Hill
Rocky Gully		 Murray Bridge Long Flat
Gifford Hill Swanport
Murray Bridge South		 Monteith

The city was originally known as Mobilong and later as Edwards Crossing, before being renamed as Murray Bridge in 1924,[4][5] deriving its name from the road and railway crossings over the Murray River. The city is situated on the Princes Highway, the main road transport link between Adelaide and Melbourne.

The city services a farming area including dairy, pigs, chickens, cereal crops and vegetables (including "stay crisp lettuces").

History
Flour mill at Murray Bridge East, 1920

Murray Bridge is in the traditional lands of the Ngarrindjeri people, who refer to Murray Bridge as Pomberuk. The first European explorer was Charles Sturt who camped there on 8 February 1830.

The first road bridge across the lower Murray was known as The Murray Bridge and completed at Edwards's Crossing in 1879.[6] The bridge also became a shared road and rail bridge in 1886 until the separate rail bridge was completed in 1925.[7] The bridge was designed for 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)[8] rail track gauge though in actuality, only 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) gauge trains ever used it.

The District Council of Mobilong was established in 1884 bringing local government to the township, then known as Mobilong, and the surrounding land within the Hundred of Mobilong. By 1923, the council had absorbed the southern two-thirds of the neighbouring Hundred of Burdett across the river, the Hundred of Ettrick further east, and part of the Hundred of Brinkley to the south. The Mobilong township by then had its own ward. The township seceded from Mobilong council in 1924, calling itself the Corporate Town of Murray Bridge, effectively renaming the township.[4] In 1977 the two local councils recombined as the District Council of Murray Bridge.

In 1979 the Swanport Bridge, carrying the South Eastern Freeway across the Murray River was completed 5 kilometres (3 mi) downstream, removing most through traffic from the historic Murray Bridge.

In 1993 the local municipal council crossed a population threshold enabling it to be declared a city, the Rural City of Murray Bridge. The bounded locality of Murray Bridge remained the majority population centre and seat of the city council.

Murray Bridge contains a number of heritage-listed sites, including the Murray Bridge Transport Precinct, listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.[9]

Geography

Location

Murray Bridge is located 76km south-east of Adelaide and is the population centre of the Murraylands region. The city has an urban area of 97.5km2, making up 5.3% of the Rural City of Murray Bridge council area of 1,832km2.[10]

Water

Situated along the Murray River, the river is the lifeblood of the city and surrounding areas. The river flows into nearby Lake Alexandrina and Lake Albert.

Suburbs

Refer to the Rural City of Murray Bridge for townships within the council area.

Suburbs within the city include Northern Heights, Murray Bridge North, Murray Bridge East, Murray Bridge South, Riverglades, Gifford Hill, and Avoca Dell.

Murray Bridge also has a number of unoficially named neighbourhoods including: Westside, Southside, Birdsville (also known as Bird Cage, due to the streets being named after birds), Pathways, and Narooma Waters. The latest development to Murray Bridge includes a new estate called Newbridge.[11]

The city used to have a number of neighbourhoods, now part of the wider Murray Bridge township, these included: Hornsey Park, Bridgeport, Riverview, Murray Bridge Estate, Murray Gardens, Totness Park, Dunoon Park, Morningside, South Mobilong, Kerkanya, Ruglea Park, Sladdentown, Glenview, Westland, Slade Park, Rundleville, Railway Land, Myrleville, Ritterville, Riverdene, Hawkelea, Murray Bridge Extension, Pine Park, Laneville, Murray Park, and Esmond Park.[12] Some of these names have been retained as streets, parks or businesses.

Climate

Murray Bridge has a semi-arid climate with warm to hot summers and mild winters, bordering on a Mediterranean climate. The highest recorded temperature of 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) was reached on 28 January 2009 during the early 2009 southeastern Australia heat wave–making it one of the hottest temperatures ever recorded in a South Australian metropolitan area.

Climate data for Murray Bridge
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 46.6
(115.9)		 46.4
(115.5)		 43.7
(110.7)		 39.2
(102.6)		 31.0
(87.8)		 25.6
(78.1)		 26.7
(80.1)		 30.9
(87.6)		 35.0
(95.0)		 39.7
(103.5)		 44.2
(111.6)		 44.4
(111.9)		 46.6
(115.9)
Average high °C (°F) 29.1
(84.4)		 29.3
(84.7)		 26.7
(80.1)		 23.5
(74.3)		 19.6
(67.3)		 16.7
(62.1)		 16.2
(61.2)		 17.5
(63.5)		 19.8
(67.6)		 22.7
(72.9)		 25.6
(78.1)		 27.5
(81.5)		 22.8
(73.0)
Average low °C (°F) 14.6
(58.3)		 14.6
(58.3)		 12.9
(55.2)		 10.3
(50.5)		 8.0
(46.4)		 6.0
(42.8)		 5.4
(41.7)		 5.9
(42.6)		 7.2
(45.0)		 9.0
(48.2)		 11.4
(52.5)		 13.2
(55.8)		 9.9
(49.8)
Record low °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2)		 5.7
(42.3)		 4.1
(39.4)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 −4.3
(24.3)		 −5.0
(23.0)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 2.1
(35.8)		 4.0
(39.2)		 −5.0
(23.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 16.4
(0.65)		 18.2
(0.72)		 20.4
(0.80)		 28.8
(1.13)		 34.9
(1.37)		 37.8
(1.49)		 35.2
(1.39)		 37.1
(1.46)		 36.8
(1.45)		 34.0
(1.34)		 25.5
(1.00)		 23.6
(0.93)		 348.5
(13.72)
Average precipitation days 3.8 3.9 4.8 7.7 10.4 11.8 12.4 12.8 10.5 8.9 6.1 5.3 98.4
Source: [13]

Demographics

As at the 2016 Census, the Murray Bridge area had a population of 20,858. The median age was 41, and 21.7% of the population were born overseas. The median weekly household income was $973 per week, compared with the South Australian average of $1,206 per week.[14]

The urban area that contains and surrounds Murray Bridge had a population of 16,708 as at the 2011 census.[15] In the 2006 census, the population was 14,048[16] and at the 2001 census, the population was 12,998.

In the 2006 Census, 10.4% of the population were born overseas, and 4.5% were Indigenous Australians. The median weekly household income was A$639 per week, compared with $924 in Adelaide. 13.3% of the population identified themselves as Lutheran, while a higher 24.7% identified with no religion.[16]

Economy

Local Industry

The primary industries in the city include agriculture and manufacturing, including food manufacturing.[17]

Retail

Most of Murray Bridge's retail and dining facilities are located on and in close proximity to Bridge Street. The majority contained within two main shopping centres, Murray Bridge Green and Murray Bridge Marketplace.

Murray Bridge Green opened in 1976 as a Woolworths supermarket and a small number of additional stores. The centre was extended in 2001 and included a Target Country. A new addition to the original shopping complex was completed in 2015, which included a second (and larger) Coles, and a new Target replacing Target Country, which the site made way for a Cheap as Chips discount store. After 42 years of trading, the Woolworths store closed in May 2018.

A Drakes Supermarket opened in mid-2019 at the former Woolworths supermarket site of Murray Bridge Green shopping centre.[18] Drake's is the seventh supermarket currently operating in Murray Bridge.[19]

Murray Bridge Marketplace was opened in November 2011 and contains the city's second Woolworths supermarket (now only Woolworths after the original store closed), a Big W department store, Priceline, Best & Less, Reject Shop, 45 specialty stores, a food court and the public library with undercover parking for over 900 cars. There was a previous Woolworths store that was located in Bridge Street on the corner of Sixth Street opposite the then Town Hall and Court House. This store opened in either late 1969 or 1970 and was later replaced by the 1976 store at the Murray Bridge Green located on Swamport Road and Standen Street.

Discount supermarket Aldi opened further west from the Murray Bridge CBD, on the corner of Adelaide Road and Thomas Street in late 2018.

Supermarkets in Murray Bridge include a Coles at Murray Bridge Green (the Mannum Rd supermarket closed in 2019), Woolworths at Murray Bridge Marketplace, Josh's IGA Westside on Adelaide Road and IGA Swanport, on Swanport Road. Drake's is the seventh supermarket, which will open mid-2019. The original Woolworths supermarket at Murray Bridge Green was open from 1976 and closed 2018.

Arts and Culture

Entertainment

The Murray Bridge Town Hall, built in 1911 and redeveloped in 2010, is a theatre seating up to 300 people located in the city centre. It is managed by the Rural City of Murray Bridge council and hosts events year-round including musicals, travelling shows and fringe festival events.[20]

Cameo Cinema, a single-screen cinema that seats 250 people, is located on Second Street within the city centre. It shows major movie releases and is the only cinema in the region.[21]

Local Events

Murray Bridge hosts a number of popular community events such as the Murray Bridge Fringe Festival, Christmas Pageant and Fireworks Spectacular, Splash Festival, and numerous street stalls and farmers markets.[22]

The city is home to the Round House and Captain's Cottage Museum, both are open for tours and interactive experiences with the history of the area.

The Murray Bridge Regional Gallery exhibits local and regional artists, and includes a gallery shop.[23]

Public Library

The Murray Bridge Library, is a public library operated by the Rural City of Murray Bridge council, and is located on the lower level in the Murray Bridge Marketplace shopping centre. Opened in 2011, after moving from it's former location on South Terrace, the library overlooks the Murray River and boasts a large selection of books, self-service kiosks, computers, kitchen and gallery areas.[24]

Parks, Recreation and Sport

Parks and Open Spaces

The Murray Bridge area has approximately 65 parks, reserves and open spaces for public use that range from small reserves to large family-friendly areas.[25]

Sturt Reserve

Sturt Reserve (including Wharf Hill and precinct) is a popular riverfront area that includes a large playground, barbeque areas, mooring and shelter.

Murray Bridge is home to "The Bunyip", a mechanical representation of the legendary water monster, located on Sturt Reserve. Many South Australian children fondly remember their first visit to the Bunyip, putting a coin in the machine and watching the Bunyip emerge from its watery cage complete with shrieking sound effects.

Murray Bridge Linear Park

The Murray Bridge Linear Park is a shared-use walkway that runs along Adelaide Road. Opening in stages, the Linear Park includes public toilets, shelter and a BBQ area. It provides a protected pedestrian and bicycle path leading eastward to the city centre.[26]

Sport

In 1924 the Murray Bridge rowing team was chosen to represent Australia at the Paris Olympics. The Murray Cods as they were known won the Australian Eight Oared Championships (the King's Cup) and were invited to compete in a test race at Port Adelaide between South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. Although accustomed to rowing over 3 miles, the Murray Cods were able to defeat the other crews on the 1 mile and 420 yards (2 km) course. The story of their fund-raising and exploits in Paris are detailed on the Australian Rowing History website.[27]

Murray Bridge is also home to the River Murray Football League, which plays Australian rules football. The league consists of the Murray Bridge-based clubs of Ramblers and Imperials and the district teams of Mypolonga, Mannum, Tailem Bend, Jervois and Meningie.

In 2005 the city's golf course, Murray Bridge Golf Club, held the State's premier regional junior team event, the Brett Ogle Cup (named after the Australian Professional golfer Brett Ogle). The home team went undefeated and qualified for the state final, losing narrowly. The team had not previously experienced such success; junior golf in the region has since obtained a higher profile.

Another sporting association in Murray Bridge is the Murray Bridge Amateur Swim Club (The Cods) which competes in meets with other clubs, as well as Country Championships (a large meet for all of the rural South Australian swim clubs) and state and national championships.

Murray Bridge is also the home of the Murray Bridge Racing Club, Murray Bridge & District Table Tennis Association, and holds the 24-hour Australian International Pedal Prix race annually in September. Murray Bridge Lutheran Tennis Club plays hard court tennis on their home courts based at Christian Reserve. Hard court tennis is hosted by various clubs throughout the community, including Jervois, Brinkley, Mannum, Mypolonga and Tailem Bend as well as clubs within the township. Hard court tennis is played on both Friday nights and Saturday mornings. There are both Junior and senior divisions. Friday night tennis offers a social alternative, often offering barbecues and after-game drinks. Lawn tennis is played at Sturt Reserve on Saturday mornings and afternoons from October to February, and is organised by the Murray Bridge Lawn Tennis Association.

Murray Bridge is also known for its basketball, having won numerous State Country Championships and many of its young players going on to represent South Australia in the National Championships.

Murray Bridge is also home to the Murray Bridge Speedway which has been in operation since 1958. Located on the eastern side of the River, the speedway is a 360 metres (390 yd) long dirt track racing venue that caters to both motorcycle speedway and car racing, hosting numerous Australian and South Australian championships during its existence. On 12 November 2011 the speedway hosted its first ever World Championship event when it will host the FIM 2011 World Sidecar speedway Championship with Murray Bridge's own Jesse Headland winning the title as passenger to NSW based rider Darrin Treloar. Headland was the winner of the 2010 Championship in England with his father Mick Headland.[28]

Governance
2006 state election
Source: [29]
 Liberal 43.85%
 Labor 32.13%
 Family First 11.25%
 Greens 5.58%
 One Nation 3.86%
2007 Federal Election
Source: [30]
 Liberal 47.98%
 Labor 36.15%
 Greens 7.26%
 CDP 4.84%
 The Nationals 4.48%

Local Government

The following bounded localities gazetted in South Australia are considered suburbs of the city of Murray Bridge and are governed by the same city council: Avoca Dell, Gifford Hill, Greenbanks, Long Flat, Mobilong, Monteith, Murray Bridge East, Murray Bridge North, Murray Bridge South, Northern Heights, Riverglades, Riverglen, Sunnyside, Swanport, Toora, White Hill, White Sands, and Willow Banks.

State and Federal Government

Murray Bridge is part of the state Electoral district of Hammond, which has been held since 2006 by Liberal MP Adrian Pederick. In federal politics, the city is part of the division of Barker, and has been represented by Liberal MP Tony Pasin since 2013. At local level, Murray Bridge is part of the Rural City of Murray Bridge local government area.

Education

Primary and Secondary Education

Local schools include Unity College, Murray Bridge North School, Murray Bridge South Primary School, Fraser Park Primary School, St Joseph's School, Murray Bridge High School and Tyndale Christian College.

Tertiary Education

Murray Bridge has a small TAFE SA campus, which offers a limited selection of tertiary courses. Flinders University opened a rural medical campus in 2012. This location gives students a rural medical placement.[31]

Media

Newspaper

Murray Bridge is home to The Murray Valley Standard newspaper, whose first edition was printed and distributed on 23 November 1934. It is now published on Tuesdays and Thursdays.[32] Dozens of other regional newspapers, publications and catalogues are also printed at the former Rural Press facility on Adelaide Road.

In 2020, Australian Community Media (ACM) announced that the Murray Valley Standard will cease being printed along with a number of other regional newspapers. This was in part due to COVID-19, but also due to organisational changes and growing online activity. The printing press at the Murray Bridge site was closed and resulted in the loss of 26 jobs.[33]

A monthly community newspaper, first printed on 19 August 1971, was the Bridge Observer (1971-1976). It was later revived in 1983 under the same title, including an insert called Mannum Mercury (1983-1984), and was briefly known as the combined title of Bridge Mercury (1984).[34][35]

Local journalist, Peri Strathearn established Murray Bridge News after the job losses at the Murray Valley Standard. Murray Bridge News is an online platform that regularly publishes articles from the city's only dedicated full-time journalist.[36]

Radio

Radio stations 5MU (1125 AM), Power FM (98.7 FM) and River City FM (87.6 FM) are also based at Murray Bridge.

Infrastructure
The Rail Bridge over the Murray River at sunset, 1975.

Rail

Murray Bridge railway station is on the Adelaide to Wolseley railway line, the South Australian part of the Melbourne–Adelaide rail corridor. It is served by Journey Beyond's twice weekly passenger service The Overland operating between Adelaide and Melbourne.[37]

The Overland is the only passenger railway that still services Murray Bridge, after South Australia's country rail operations ceased in the 1990s. Over recent years there have been discussions about re-instating commuter rail services between Adelaide and Murray Bridge, however there has been little to no progress made.

The Murray Bridge Transport Precinct is a historic area that includes the railway station and wharf area, the original bridge constructed in 1879 and converted for dual road and rail use in 1886. It returned to being only a road bridge in 1925 when a separate rail bridge (also included in the heritage precinct) opened to handle heavier trains. The railway now passes under the road approach to the bridge through the Murray Bridge Tunnel, a short cut-and-cover tunnel built as part of works for the new rail bridge in 1925.[9]

Highways

Both bridges cross the Murray River between Murray Bridge and Murray Bridge East. The road bridge was part of the Princes Highway from 1935 until 1979. Murray Bridge is now connected by road to Adelaide via the South Eastern Freeway which leads to a newer crossing of the river further south on the Swanport Bridge built in 1979. State road route B35 connects from the north of the town towards Palmer and the central Adelaide Hills and route B36 leads towards Mannum, other river towns and the Sturt Highway.

Bus

Various bus and coach services are provided in Murray Bridge, the primary operator being LinkSA, operating a service to Adelaide via Mount Barker and local 'Dial-A-Ride' service.[38] Stateliner (formerly Premier Stateliner) stop at Murray Bridge on its south-east services to Mt Gambier.

V/Line operate day and night coaches between Adelaide Central bus station and Melbourne,[39] and Firefly to Sydney, both operators service Murray Bridge.

Airport

Murray Bridge Airport is nine kilometres north of the town, but does not have any scheduled services.

Walking Trails

The Lavender Federation Trail is a long-distance walking trail (350 kilometres or 220 miles) that extends from Murray Bridge along the eastern Mount Lofty Ranges to Clare.

Sister cities

Murray Bridge has two sister cities.

  • Murray Bridge in 1912.
  • The Murray Bridge road (left, 1879) and rail (right, 1924) bridges over the Murray River.
  • The 1879 road bridge.
  • Grandstand at the Murray Bridge Racetrack.

Notable residents

See also

References
  1. "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2017-18: Population Estimates by Significant Urban Area, 2008 to 2018". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 27 March 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019. Estimated resident population, 30 June 2018.
  2. Murray Bridge Postcode. Australia Post. Retrieved 29 May 2008
  3. "2011 Census Community Profiles: Murray Bridge". ABS Census. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  4. "Rural City of Murray Bridge". About Murray Bridge. Rural City of Murray Bridge. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  5. "NEW TOWN NAMES APPROVED". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 26 July 1940. p. 10. Retrieved 5 September 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. "THE MURRAY BRIDGE". Adelaide Observer. XXXVI (1955). South Australia. 22 March 1879. p. 20. Retrieved 25 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. The Road Bridge over the River Murray at Murray Bridge Thompson, M.H. Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, September 1976 pp189-196
  8. 05 Feb 1919 - RAILWAY AFFAIRS. MURRAY LANDS. Trove.nla.gov.au (5 February 1919). Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  9. "Summary of State Heritage Place" (PDF). South Australian Heritage Register. South Australian Heritage Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  10. "About the profile areas | Rural City of Murray Bridge | profile.id". profile.id.com.au. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  11. "New Home". Newbridge. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  12. Strathearn, Peri (17 May 2017). "Murray Bridge's lost suburb names | INTERACTIVE". The Murray Valley Standard. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  13. "Climate statistics for Murray Bridge". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  14. "2016 Census QuickStats: Murray Bridge (RC)". Australian Bureau of Statistics.
  15. Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Murray Bridge (SUA)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  16. Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Murray Bridge (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  17. "Economic profile | murray-bridge | economy.id". economy.id.com.au. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  18. Zirkel, Emma (28 August 2018). "Grass is greener on the other side for food retailer". The Murray Valley Standard. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  19. Strathearn, Peri (15 April 2019). "Drakes Supermarket opens in Murray Bridge". The Murray Valley Standard. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  20. Bridge, Rural City of Murray (17 December 2019). "Town Hall". Murray Bridge Council. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  21. "Cameo Cinema Murray Bridge - movie times & tickets". www.cameocinema.com.au. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  22. Bridge, Rural City of Murray (20 March 2020). "Event Calendar". Murray Bridge Council. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  23. "Murray Bridge Regional Gallery". Murray Bridge Regional Gallery. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  24. Bridge, Rural City of Murray (18 December 2019). "Murray Bridge Public Library". Murray Bridge Council. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  25. Bridge, Rural City of Murray (13 February 2020). "Park Finder". Murray Bridge Council. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  26. Strathearn, Peri (25 September 2018). "Stage one of Adelaide Road linear park opens". The Murray Valley Standard. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  27. "History of Murray Bridge Rowing Club—The Murray Cods". Andrew Guerin. Archived from the original on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  28. http://www.murraybridge.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=417&c=12322 Archived 24 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  29. Electoral Commission of South Australia (4 April 2006). "District of Hammond - Polling Booth Results". Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  30. Australian Electoral Commission (13 December 2007). "SA Division - Barker". Retrieved 15 March 2010. Data from the four Murray Bridge polling booths.
  31. "Hills Mallee Fleurieu & Kangaroo Island". flinders.edu.au. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  32. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
  33. "Print centre to close; The Standard continues to publish". The Murray Valley Standard. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  34. Laube, Anthony. "LibGuides: SA Newspapers: A-B". guides.slsa.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  35. SA Memory. "Bridge Observer". samemory.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  36. Strathearn, Peri. "Murray Bridge News". www.murraybridge.news. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  37. The Overland Timetables Archived 22 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine Great Southern Rail
  38. "Link SA". linksa.com.au. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  39. "V/Line - Regional public transport for Victoria - Timetable list". vline.com.au. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  40. City of Laredo Sister Cities International. 24 April 2017.
  41. Sister Cities International Interactive City Directory - Murray Bridge, Australia Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  42. Sister Cities Australia Inc. Directory of Affiliations, 2016 Archived 24 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 24 April 2017.
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