Mwambutsa IV of Burundi

Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge (6 May 1912 – 26 March 1977) was king (mwami) of Burundi who ruled between 1915 and 1966. He succeeded to the throne on the death of his father Mutaga IV Mbikije (reigned 1908–15).[1] Born while Burundi was under German colonial rule, Mwambutsa's reign mostly coincided with Belgian colonial rule (1916–62). The Belgians retained the monarchs of both Rwanda and Burundi under the policy of indirect rule.[1]

Mwambutsa IV
Mwambutsa on a visit to Israel in 1962
King of Burundi
Reign	16 December 1915 – 8 July 1966
Coronation	16 December 1915
Predecessor	Mutaga IV Mbikije
Successor	Ntare V Ndizeye
Prime Ministers	See list Joseph Cimpaye Louis Rwagasore André Muhirwa Pierre Ngendandumwe Albin Nyamoya Joseph Bamina Léopold Biha
Born	Prince Bangiricenge of Burundi 6 May 1912 Nyabiyogi, Burundi, German East Africa
Died	26 March 1977 (aged 64) Geneva, Switzerland
Burial	Meyrin, Switzerland
Spouse	Baramparaye Ruhasha
Issue	Louis Rwagasore Charles Ndizeye (Ntare V) Rosa Paula Iribagiza
House	Ntwero
Father	Mutaga IV Mbikije
Mother	Princess Ngenzahago
Religion	Catholicism

Early life and rule

Modern-day view of the ceremonially planted tree (ikigabiro) from the coronation of Mwambutsa IV

Mwambutsa IV was born Prince Bangiricenge in c. 1912. Like other Burundian kings, he was an ethnic Ganwa (Tutsi). He became king, taking the regnal name Mwambutsa, on 16 December 1915 when he was still an infant following the death of his father in a family dispute.[1] Because of his age, a regency was declared. Several family members, including the Queen Mother Ririkumutima, served as regent. At the time of his coronation, Burundi was part of German East Africa but was captured by Belgium in 1916 during the East African campaign in World War I. In 1925, a full regency council was established with Belgian approval.[1] Mwambutsa became a ruler in his own right on 28 August 1929.[1]

Post-independence rule and exile

Mwambutsa IV and David Ben-Gurion in 1962

On the independence of Burundi in July 1962, Mwambutsa IV became the head of state of Burundi with far reaching political power. In Rwanda, the monarchy had been overthrown between 1959–62. He attempted to balance ethnic tensions between ethnic Hutu and Tutsi subjects by choosing his Prime Ministers from each ethnic group alternately.[1] In October 1965, Hutu officers attempted a coup d'état against the monarchy. Despite their failure to take power, Mwambutsa fled into exile in the Republic of the Congo, eventually moving to Switzerland. In March 1966 he designated his only surviving son to exercise his powers in the country. Still in exile, Mwambutsa was officially deposed in a second coup d'état and brought his son to power as Ntare V on 8 July 1966. The monarchy was finally abolished altogether in a third coup in November 1966 and its leader, Michel Micombero, came to power as president and de facto dictator. Mwambutsa spent the rest of his life in Switzerland where he died in 1977.[1]

Exhumation

Mwambutsa's remains were exhumed from their burial site in Switzerland in 2012 with a view to repatriating them to Burundi for a state funeral. After a legal battle, however, the remains were re-interred in Switzerland in 2016 in accordance with his family's wishes.[2]

References

1. Dictionary of African Biography 2008.
2. "Court says remains of former Burundi king can stay in Geneva". Swiss Info. 1 November 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.

Bibliography

• Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2008). "Mwambutsa IV Bangiricenge". In Gates, Louis, Jr.; Akyeampong, Emmanuel K. (eds.). Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.