My body, my choice

My body, my choice is a feminist slogan used in several countries, most often surrounding issues of bodily autonomy and abortion.

My body my choice sign at a Stop Abortion Bans Rally in St Paul, Minnesota, May 2019
'My body My choice' at Women's March San Francisco, January 2018

Feminists usually defend an individual's right of self determination over their bodies for sexual, marriage and reproductive choices as rights. The slogan has been used around the world and translated into many different languages. The use of the slogan has caused different types of controversy in different countries and is often used as a rallying cry during protests and demonstrations and/or to bring attention to different feminist issues.

Part of a series on
Feminism
History
Social
Timelines
Suffrage by country
Waves
General variants
Religious variants
Concepts
Outlooks
Theory
Areas of study
By country
Lists and categories
Lists
Categories
  • Women's rights by country
  • Feminists by nationality
 Feminism portal

Bodily autonomy and integrity
Main articles: Bodily integrity and Freedom of choice

"My body my, choice" is a slogan that is meant to represent the idea of personal bodily autonomy, bodily integrity and freedom of choice. Bodily autonomy constitutes self determination over one's own body without external domination or duress.[1] Bodily integrity is the inviolability of the physical body and emphasizes the importance of personal autonomy, self-ownership, and the self-determination of human beings over their own bodies.[2] In the field of human rights, the violation of the bodily integrity of another is regarded as either unethical infringement and/or possibly criminal.[3][4][5][6][7] Freedom of choice describes an individual's opportunity and autonomy to perform an action selected from at least two available options, unconstrained by external parties.[8]

According to Suzannah Weiss, the slogan, "My body, my choice" is a feminist idea which can applicable to women's reproductive rights and other women's rights issues.[9] It is also the opposite to treating women's bodies like property, and asserts the importance of a culture of consent.[9] Rameeza Ahmad describes how the Pakistani version of "my body, my choice," "Mera Jism Meri Marzi," is important to feminists because it is important for women to know they have control over their own bodies.[10] Kristin Rowe-Finkbeiner writes that while it seems simple that women's freedom is linked to women's own control and decisions about their own bodies, in practice the slogan of 'My body, my choice' is too often changed to mean of "not really your body, not really your choice." and women's rights like access to birth control, abortion, and reproductive health are attacked.[11]

Background document for the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD25) held at Nairobi summit in 2019 sums up, 'state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in all aspects relating to sexuality and the reproductive system Good sexual and reproductive health' can only be termed to be 'Good sexual and reproductive health', to achieve the same, every person need to have a right to make decisions governing their body and to access services that support those rights.[12] The document further elaborates that everyone has the right to make their own choices about their own sexual and reproductive health, which means that every one should be able to have a satisfying and safe sex life, the right to self-determination to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.[12]

History and use
Part of a series on
Feminist philosophy
Major works
Major thinkers
Ideas
Journals
Category
► Feminist philosophy

According to Anjum Altaf, the ironic history of the term is during the 17/18 century process of capitalism replacing feudalism, the slogan 'My body, my choice' was imposed by oppressor men on oppressed men in an effort to officially regularize bonded laborers own bodies as private properties and extending property rights over them.[13]

In late 1969 the slogan was again coined as a feminist struggle for reproductive rights and subsequently noted by the global feminist struggle.

Austria

In June 2019, the Vatican City women's football team decided to withdraw from a football match with a Vienna-based Austrian women's football club, since Austrian women used the occasion to display the slogan "my body my rules" on their bodies, along with pro LGBT slogans as a mark of protest against the Catholic Church's position on abortion.[14]

Hong Kong

In 2011 Hong Kong started an anti slutshaming and anti victim blaming movement called slut walk. Its 7th annual march in 2018 focused on the "My body, my choice" slogan, to raise awareness against "sexual, gender and body-based" violence prevalent in Hong Kong.[15][16]

Malaysia

In December 2019, Malaysian Deputy Education minister, Teo Nie Ching launched an educational video called "My body is mine" to educate kids about 'Safe touch and unsafe touch' as part of child safety education and save them from possibilities of negative child grooming and decided to include the subject in Malay school books in subject Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesihatan (Physical education and health).[17][18]

South Africa

In 2018, multiple South African sexual and reproductive health and rights organizations came together to champion a social and community media initiative named #MyBodyMyChoice. The initiative "call[s] for protecting and promoting women's rights to make decisions about their reproductive health, bodies and lives." The underlying principle is that if it is a woman's body, she should be the one to make choices about and have the agency to access the health support she needs, and take well-informed decisions in relation to her own body, health and life. This considered a fundamental right—irrespective of their sexuality, where they live, how much they earn, or their ethnicity.[19]

South Asia
Main article: Mera Jism Meri Marzi

Mera Jism Meri Marzi (Urdu: میرا جسم میری مرضی‎; Hindi: मेरा जिस्म मेरी मर्ज़ी; English: My body, my choice) is a feminist slogan used by feminists in Pakistan and India in context of women rights.[20][21]

Mera Jism Meri Marzi (My Body, My Choice), an Urdu language slogan placard in Aurat March a Women's March on International Women's Day in Pakistan

Concept of My body, my choice (Mera jism meri marzi) was discussed in a March 2003 article in the Indian women's magazine, Femina.[22]

In March 2015 a short film, My Choice, as part of Vogue India's social awareness initiative.[23] Indian actress, Deepika Padukone, played the lead role and the film was directed by Homi Adajania.[24] My Choice not only refers to reproductive rights but also a range of women's rights issues relating to South Asian women, such as freedom to choose clothing, movement, love sex and marriage.[25][26]

The slogan Mera Jism Meri Marzi was popularized by the Aurat March in Pakistan which has been observed on International Women's Day.[27] The slogan has been very controversial.[27]

South Korea

In South Korea, the slogan of "my body, my choice" has meant choosing whether or not to marry and to have children.[28] It is a push for single women's equality in the workplace, where there is a large wage gap between men and women.[28]

Turkey

In 2012, an abortion rights demonstration in the Kadiköy district in Istanbul drew 3,000 women.[29] Protesters carried banners reading "My body, my choice" in response to the government's plans to limit abortion access in the country.[29]

United Kingdom

Emma Watson has worn T-shirts with the slogan, "my body, my choice" to bring attention to the need for funding of rape crisis centres in England and Wales.[30]

United States

In 2015, in the United States, the slogan was used as a hashtag, to indicate support for Planned Parenthood, which was in danger of losing government funding.[9] In 2019, as the most restrictive abortion law in the United States was signed by Alabama governor, Kay Ivey, demonstrators used the slogan outside of the Alabama Capitol in protest.[31]

Zambia

In 2017 Protest in Lusaka for Women's empowerment issues Zambian women marched with slogans like "My Body, My Sexuality. My Rights, My Choice"; "My Body, My Choice"; "We Have the Right to Be Heard"; and "Before I'm a Woman, I'm a Human."[32]

Context of women's rights movements
Main articles: Women's rights, Feminism, and Feminist theory

Issues commonly associated with notions of women's rights include the right to bodily integrity and autonomy; to be free from sexual violence; to vote; to hold public office; to enter into legal contracts; to have equal rights in family law; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to have reproductive rights; to own property; to education.[33] According to Ursula Barry throughout human history the bodily autonomy of women has been contested.[34] The notion of the body (but not the mind) being associated with women[35] has served as a justification to deem women as property, objects, and exchangeable commodities (among men). For example, women's bodies have been objectified throughout history through the changing ideologies of fashion, diet, exercise programs, cosmetic surgery, childbearing, etc. This contrasts to men's role as a moral agent, responsible for working or fighting in bloody wars. The race and class of a woman can determine whether her body will be treated as decoration and protected, which is associated with middle or upper-class women's bodies. On the other hand, the other body is recognized for its use in labor and exploitation which is generally associated with women's bodies in the working-class or with women of color. Second-wave feminist activism has argued for reproductive rights and choice. The women's health movement and lesbian feminism are also associated with this debate.[36] According to Barry, challenges facing women include sexual objectification, sexual harassment and gender based sexual abuse and violence. Barry emphasizes that women's freedom from violence is about the right to bodily integrity. While discussing choices surrounding reproduction, bodily autonomy is about freedom of one's own choices.[34] Impediments posed by conservatives and religious and cultural moral police includes autonomy over one's own fertility includes both opposition to forms of positive fertility treatments, opposition to contraception, sterilization and also abortion.[34] According to Barry, the right and access to abortion manifests one of the last struggles to achieve women's bodily autonomy.[34]

According to Shehzil Malik, the slogan means that for all actions between people, actions require consent and that means that women need not experience their bodies getting groped, abused, harassed, or violated.[37] According to Needa Kirmani this slogan disturbs those foundations of the patriarchy which controls and exploit women's bodies against their own will. Kirmani says those who oppose the slogan perpetuate a culture of rape, sexual harassment, child marriage, physical abuse, lack of healthcare, domestic violence, human trafficking, and bonded labour/slavery.[10] According to Sondra Horton Fraleigh a woman's body is not determined by limitations but is a lived experience created through one's free-willed actions and choices in inter connected continuity with one's mind.[38] Emma Fraser asserts that it is by a lack bodily autonomy society declines that women do have mind beyond their bodies and that amounts to cruelty with women.[39]

"My body, my choice" also intersects with class struggles, which are also concerned with "a refusal of biopolitical control and the assertion of the right to live self-directed lives autonomous of the demands of the powerful."[40]

Statistics

On the eve of International summit ICPD25 that is commemoration of 25th year of International Conference on Population and Development held at Nairobi in November 2019; UNFPA news report presents grim picture with help of global statistics; more than 800 women die from preventable causes during pregnancy and childbirth also 33000 girls forced in marriages every day; 4 million girl child are forced to go through female genital mutilation every year, an estimated 232 million women who would prefer modern contraception to prevent pregnancies are unable to avail the same for some reason or other.[41][42]

According to UNFPA's 2019 State of World Population Report, which could avail key information on status of Women's status of decision making role only for 51 countries; out of the countries where information was available only 57% women either married or in relationship could make decisions regarding sexual intercourse with their partner, contraception use and health care. Only two countries namely Philippines and Ukraine were found to be in forefront with 81% women could ensure sexual and reproductive autonomy for themselves. Mali, Niger and Senegal were in lowest list with only 7% women getting freedom to decide about their own bodies regarding sexual intercourse with their partner, contraception use and health care. According to UNFPA Executive Director Dr. Natalia Kanem, it is long way to go for all girls & women to have autonomy in decision making and means to govern their own bodies.[42][43]

Variations and translations in other languages and geographies

Some variations in English include, "My life my choice; My life my rules", "My body, my rules. My life, not yours",[44] "Keep your laws off my body",[45] and "My body my terms".[46] During the April 2004 march in Washington, D.C., a pro-abortion March raised slogans like "My Body Is Not Public Property!", "It's Your Choice, Not Theirs!", "The government does not belong in our bedrooms...It does not belong in our doctors' offices." Anti-abortion protesters replied with "Have compassion on the little ones!" and "Women Need Love, Not Abortion." placards. The pro-abortion marchers responded with slogans like "Pro-life, that's a lie, you don't care if women die", and "Not the church, not the state, women will decide their fate."[47] In 2014 Amnesty international campaigned with slogan "My body, my rights".

A demonstrator carries a placard that reads,"Mi cuerpo es mío Yo Decido" ("My body is mine, I decide", during a pro-abortion march in Santiago, Chile, July 25, 2013.

In the Bangla language, the slogan is "shorir amar shidhhanto amar".[48] In Spanish it is translated as "Mi cuerpo es mío" ("My body is mine.") In French it is "Mon corps, mon choix" (My body, my choice). In German, the commonly used slogan is Mein Körper gehört mir! ("My body belongs to me!"). On 11 March 2013, Amina Sboui was the first Tunisian woman to post a photograph of herself nude from the waist up on Facebook, with the phrase "My body is mine and not the source of anybody's honour" in Arabic.[49]

The phrase Mera Jism Meri Marzi, meaning My Body, My Choice in Urdu and Hindi, has some variations too, like Meri zindagi, meri marzi (My life, my choice) meri zindagi mere faisale (My life, my decisions). In an alleged rape case, the victim in India phrased her argument in words Mera jism mera hai, mere employer ka khilona nahi (My body is mine, Not a toy to be played by my employer).[50][51]

On 8 March 2020 Aurat March, many signs found a way to spin the main four words of Mera Jism Meri Marzi into statements like 'mera poster, tumhari marzi?' (my poster, your choice?), making way for 'mera mazhab, meri marzi' (my religion, my choice) in an allusion to forced conversion, and 'mera wajood, meri marzi' (my existence, my choice).

Advocacy and criticism

South Asia

Some of the criticism of "My body, my choice" in South Asia comes from the radical right in Islam.[52] Both men and women from "hardline Islamist organizations", such as Jamiat Hafsa, have protested against the South Asian version of the slogan, 'Mera Jism Meri Marzi'.[53] In 2020, these hardline critics of the slogan stated that it was "anti-Islamic" to imply that women could do as they wished with their bodies.[53]

Sometimes the criticism of the slogan is that it is too strident and inappropriate. Men in Pakistan who support women's rights may not support the slogan itself.[54] The slogan is considered "vulgar" and sometimes, as anti-government in Pakistan by some critics.[55] Others see the slogan as being only about "sexual independence", rather than about the whole sum of bodily autonomy.[56] Writer Anjum Altaf says that critics' attempts to suggest alternative slogans to 'My body, my choice' don't realize that this amounts to mansplaining by subjecting feminist struggle to patriarchal approval what actually they are fighting against.[13]

Writer Zainab Najeeb contends that the slogan is neither a challenge to religious beliefs, nor should it been seen as scandalous.[57] Najeeb states that opponents of the South Asian version of the slogan 'Mera Jism Meri Marzi' believe it is about promoting prostitution,[57] and asserts that the slogan is a declaration of women's independence and bodily freedom.[57] Proponents of the slogan claim that it is being misinterpreted and misunderstood by critics.[58] It is also suggested that the slogan continues to be expanded in definition to apply to opposition against abuse and harassment of women.[59] Rameeza Ahmad states that women everywhere have to face huge patriarchal injustices against their own bodies.[10] Like men, women too need to have right to choose their religion or what they want to wear (or not wear) and that the message behind the slogan is very important.[10] Mehr Tarar asserts that women's claim of rights over their own bodies and own choices is a God-given right strengthened by the finest of human values.[27]

When asked whether "my body, my choice" was priority for women of non-elite social classes, and whether "my life" might be better wording than "my body", Pakistani women's rights activist Marvi Sirmed retorted that "my body, my choice" is an issue relevant to Pakistani women across all classes, and that "'My body, my choice' means that no society can wage their wars at the expense of a woman's body. We ask the men not to use our bodies for their ghairat or honor. We ask them to stop killing us in the name of honor and give us the right to say no because we have the right to say no to anything that we don't feel comfortable with. We must have the right to say that we can't tolerate sexual harassment and to say no to decisions regarding our marriages by other [family members]. Our religion gives us the right to choose our life partner, so why not society?"

When the 2015 viral short film, My Choice, starring Deepika Padukone, was released, it received a largely negative response on social media.[60][61] Quartz India criticized the film for being hypocritical, since Padukone was advocating choice, while still adhering to patriarchal standards in other movies she stars in.[61] The writer of the Quartz article, Gunjeet Sra, felt that the choices made only reflected those already approved by society.[61]

Turkey

The President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, is anti-abortion and has criticized the slogan.[29] Erdogan has said, "They say it is my body, my choice. Feminists say this...No one has the right to abort a fetus in a body."[29]

United States

Criticism of the use of "my body, my choice" in the United States often comes in response to its use in abortion rights issues. Critics claim that the slogan fails to include the fetus as an entity that deserves a voice and a right to bodily autonomy as well.[62] The slogan or "attitude" of "my body, my choice" has also been criticized by anti-abortion advocates as being an essentially "self-centered" choice.[63]

Zambia

2018 UN Gender equality index indexes Zambia at 131 out of 162 countries.[64] In Zambia a youth collective called 'Africa First' takes lead in creating social dialogue awareness regarding youth sexuality and abortion and stigma around the issue.[65] Feminist Coven and Sistah Sistah Foundation have arranged women's rights Marches around the same themes with slogans like 'keep your policies off my body' to contest rape culture and raise their voices on issues like education and reproductive health to equal political and economic representation.[64]

Books

In writer Laurell K. Hamilton's novel Danse Macabre, the character Ronnie asks another character, Anita, "how you can be pro-choice and pro-life same time?" Anita replies that she wants women to have choices; still there is another life once big enough to live outside the womb.[66]

My Body My Choice: The Fight for Abortion Rights was written by Robin Stevenson and published in 2019. The book covers the conflict over abortion around the world.[67] Booklist wrote that it "should be required reading for teens of every gender."[67]

Author Jess McCabe introduces a glossary of concepts related to the slogan 'My body my choice' which includes Abortion, Bodily autonomy, Contraception, First nations, Forcible sterilization, Gendered, Heteronormativity, Institutionalized culture, LGBTQI, Prenatal testing, Pro-choice, Reproductive justice, Selective abortion, Sex positive feminism, Sexual consent, Social model of disability, Social mores, Social justice; in her book 30-Second Feminism: 50 Key Ideas, Events, and Protests, Each Explained in half a minute.[68]

Exhibition

As part of the women's rights movement with the concept of "My body my choice", South Africans arranged photography and multimedia exhibitions. One exhibition named Voices and Choices, curated by director Mmabatho Montsho, presented abortion stories and experiences with the mediums of photography, graphics, art and videos.[19] Larissa Klazinga of Rhodes university, experimented with exhibition of photographs of various protest messages which women identify themselves, with a view of contesting objectification and injustices along with their naked bodies, with a concept that women have power to speak about their own bodies and decide how much to reveal for themselves.[69][70]

Fashion

In 2019, Gucci debuted a fashion collection based on feminist social movements.[71] The collection was inspired by fashion of the 1970s and included clothing bearing the words, "My body, my choice."[71]

Other uses

Some uses of the slogan do not come from a feminist perspective, but still form a concept of bodily autonomy. For example, those who are against vaccination have used the slogan to express their right to refuse to be vaccinated or to vaccinate their children.[72] The slogan has been similarly co-opted by those against the wearing of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic.[73][74][75]

Opponents of infant circumcision have used the slogan as a critique of the practice's alteration of infant genitals.[76]

According to Kyle Munkittrick in Discover, "My body my choice" is a somatic right that can also be claimed by transhumanists.[77]

See also

References
  1. "Bodily Autonomy". SexInfo Online. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  2. The Limits of Bodily Integrity Ruth Austin Miller – 2007
  3. Lin, Carolyn A.; Atkin J., David (2007). Communication Technology And Social Change. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 978-0-8058-5613-2.
  4. Civil Liberties and Human Rights Helen Fenwick, Kevin Kerrigan – 2011
  5. Xenotransplantation: Ethical, Legal, Economic, Social, Cultural Brigitte E.s. Jansen, Jürgen W. Simon, Ruth Chadwick, Hermann Nys, Ursula Weisenfeld – 2008
  6. Personal Autonomy, the Private Sphere and Criminal Law Peter Alldridge, Chrisje H. Brants - 2001, retrieved 29 May 2012
  7. Privacy law in Australia Carolyn Doyle, Mirko Bagaric – 2005
  8. Sebastiano Bavetta; Pietro Navarra (2011). "5". Index of Economic Freedom (Report). The Heritage Foundation. p. 65. Retrieved February 12, 2013. As noted, there are two aspects of free choice: opportunity to choose and autonomy to choose.
  9. Weiss, Suzannah (25 September 2015). "5 Things That Are #MyBodyMyChoice". Bustle. Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  10. Ahmad, Rameeza (2020-03-04). "Pakistani Women Are Proudly Declaring 'Mera Jism Meri Marzi' After Khalil Ur Rehman Qamar's Abusive Rant On TV". MangoBaaz. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  11. Rowe-Finkbeiner, Kristin (2018-05-01). Keep Marching: How Every Woman Can Take Action and Change Our World. Hachette Books. ISBN 978-0-316-51555-9.
  12. Background document for the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD25) held at Nairobi summit in 2019 attributes to Starrs and others, 2018 and (United Nations Population Fund, 2014; WHO, 2004).
  13. Altaf, Anjum (2020-03-17). "My body, my choice". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  14. Borghese, Livia; Robinson, Matthew (23 June 2019). "Vatican cancels football match with Vienna over anti-abortion protests". CNN. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  15. "Hong Kong's fourth annual SlutWalk stands against sexual violence". South China Morning Post. 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  16. "In Pictures: 'A long way to go' - over 100 people march in Hong Kong's annual SlutWalk against sexual assault". Hong Kong Free Press HKFP. 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  17. "'Online child grooming' to be included in textbook next year [NSTTV] | New Straits Times". NST Online. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  18. "Educating Childrens The Importance of Safety". Welcome to UOW Malaysia KDU. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  19. Moerane, Shikha Nayyar and Dineo. "OP-ED: Our bodies, our selves – towards reproductive justice in South Africa". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  20. Shah, Bina (29 November 2019). "Mera jism meri marzi". The Feministani. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  21. Vijayan, Seema (2004). FEMINA– A PRESCRIPTION FOR THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT (PDF) (BA). The University of Texas.
  22. Vijayan, Seema (2004). Femina - A Prescription for the Feminist Movement (PDF) (BA). The University of Texas.
  23. Swamy, Ashley (2017-05-12). ""MY CHOICE?": AN ANALYSIS OF A CONTROVERSIAL WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT VIDEO FROM INDIA". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. "My body, my mind, my choice: Deepika Padukone". The Express Tribune. 2015-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  25. Bhattacharjya, Manjima (17 June 2018). Mannequin: Working Women in India's Glamour Industry. Zubaan. ISBN 978-93-85932-58-8.
  26. Kanungo, Soumonty (2015-03-30). "Deepika Padukone's 'empowering' video: Whose choice is it anyway? | Latest News & Updates at DNAIndia.com". DNA India. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  27. Tarar, Mehr (5 March 2020). "Aurat March of Pakistan: The decoding of Mera Jism Meri Marzi or My Body, My Choice". Gulf News. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  28. "'It Is My Body, My Choice': south Korea's Emerging Feminists Reject Marriage, Dating and Sex". Filipino Post. 30 January 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020 – via EBSCOhost.
  29. "Turks Protest Plan to Curb Abortion". Metro Edmonton. 4 June 2012. p. 12. Retrieved 5 April 2020 – via Internet Archive.
  30. "Emma Watson Marked International...". Evening Standard. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2020 – via EBSCOhost.
  31. Chandler, Kim (20 May 2019). "Hundreds Protest Alabama Abortion Ban: 'My Body, My Choice!'". Canadian Press. Retrieved 28 March 2020 – via EBSCOhost.
  32. "Why Women in Zambia's Capital Joined the Women's March". Global Citizen. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  33. Lockwood, Bert B. (ed.), Women's Rights: A "Human Rights Quarterly" Reader (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), ISBN 978-0-8018-8374-3.
  34. Barry, Ursula (March 2018), What do we mean by bodily autonomy? And what does bodily autonomy mean for women in particular?, New Binary Press, ISBN 978-0-9935803-6-9, retrieved 2020-03-25
  35. Bordo, Unbearable Weight, p. 4
  36. Paragraph forked imported from Wikipedia article Feminist theory as retrieved on 25th March 2020
  37. Ali, Umer (8 March 2020). "Women's Day: Pakistani women demand bodily rights, gender equality | DW | 08.03.2020". DW.COM. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  38. Fraleigh, Sondra Horton (1987). Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics. University of Pittsburgh Pre. ISBN 978-0-8229-7170-2.
  39. Fraser, Emma (2020-03-09). "Love, friendship, and bodily autonomy in Never Let Me Go". SYFY WIRE. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  40. Rowe, Aidan (Spring 2013). "Politics of Voices: Notes on Gender, Race & Class". Irish Anarchist Review (7) – via Internet Archive.
  41. "As Nairobi Summit opens, leaders express optimism and urgency in securing rights for all". www.unfpa.org. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
  42. "Our challenge is to finish the Unfinished Business". UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  43. "Vast numbers of women lack decision-making power over their own bodies, says UNFPA flagship report". www.unfpa.org. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  44. Selbie, Tamsin (2018-11-03). "My body, my rules. My life, not yours". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  45. "Full text of "Men On Strike Why Men Are Boycotting Marriage, Fatherhood, And The American Dream ( PDFDrive.com )"". archive.org. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
  46. "Songbird Lizzie Marvelly's campaign goes global". Stuff. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  47. Toner, Robin (2004-04-25). "Huge Crowds in Washington for Abortion-Rights Rally". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  48. http://dspace.bracu.ac.bd/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10361/1537/Daily%20Star_New%20forms%20and%20new%20challenges.pdf?sequence=1
  49. El País (25 May 2013). "Amina: sola frente a los radicales" (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  50. "तेजपाल ने जो किया वह रेप हैः मुतास्सिरा सहाफी". Hindi Siasat Archive. Retrieved 2020-03-07.
  51. "तेजपाल ने जो किया वह रेप हैः पीड़िता". Navbharat Times (in Hindi). Retrieved 2020-03-07.
  52. "Pakistani Islamists Accused of Defacing Pro-Woman Mural". The Canadian Press. 5 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020 – via EBSCOhost.
  53. Hadid, Diaa (8 March 2020). "International Women's Day: With Shoes And Stones, Islamists Disrupt Pakistan Rally". NPR. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  54. "My Body My Choice". Dawn. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020 – via EBSCOhost.
  55. "Opposition to 'Aurat March'". Pakistan Today. 8 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020 – via EBSCOhost.
  56. "Aurat March is Not Confined to Single Slogan". Express Tribune. 7 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020 – via EBSCOhost.
  57. Najeeb, Zainab (8 March 2020). "Aurat March 2020: A case for 'scandalous' slogans". The News on Sunday. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  58. "Some people really don't understand what Mera Jism Meri Marzi really stands for, and it shows". Images. 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  59. "Explainer: What does Mera Jism Meri Marzi mean?". Global Village Space. 29 January 2020. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  60. Khosla, Varuni (2015-04-03). "Why 'My Choice' featuring Bollywood actor Deepika Padukone is not everyone's choice". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  61. Sra, Gunjeet. "Deepika Padukone's video for Vogue is not empowering—it's hypocritical". Quartz India. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
  62. Wilson, P.R. (29 March 2017). "Henson Column". Waikato Times. Retrieved 28 March 2020 – via EBSCOhost.
  63. Thornburg, Mary (1978-01-21). "Fetuses: Human or Not?". The Akron Beacon Journal. p. 6. Retrieved 2020-03-30 – via Newspapers.com.
  64. "Why Women in Zambia's Capital Joined the Women's March". Global Citizen. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  65. Stevenson, Robin (2019-05-07). My Body My Choice: The Fight for Abortion Rights. Orca Book Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4598-1714-2.
  66. Laurell K. Hamilton's novel Danse Macabre (novel) Chapter 1, pp. 4-5
  67. Smith, Julia (2019). "My Body My Choice: The Fight for Abortion Rights". Booklist. 115 (15): 34–36 – via EBSCOhost.
  68. McCabe, Jess (October 2019). 30-Second Feminism: 50 Key Ideas, Events, and Protests, Each Explained in Half a Minute. Ivy Press. ISBN 978-1-78240-841-3.
  69. "Naked truth about women". TimesLIVE. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  70. Davis, Rebecca. "Written on the body". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 2020-04-04.
  71. Reilly, Katie (29 May 2019). "Gucci Collection Promotes Abortion Rights Amid Wave of Abortion Restrictions in U.S." Yahoo! Finance. Retrieved 2020-04-02.
  72. Gallinger, Ken (18 November 2017). "Best to Get Flu Shot if You Plan on Being in Public". Toronto Star. Retrieved 28 March 2020 – via EBSCOhost.
  73. "How Masks Went From Don't-Wear to Must-Have During the Coronavirus Pandemic". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  74. ""My Body, My Choice" Doesn't Apply to Coronavirus". Vice. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  75. "'My body, my choice': Sen. Chase defends maskless indoor campaign event". WTVR. 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  76. Bowers, Paul (8 April 2018). "So you're having a boy. Here's what you need to know about infant circumcision". The Post and Courier. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  77. Munkittrick, Kyle (20 June 2011). "Your Body, Your Choice: Fight for Your Somatic Rights". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.