NGC 545

NGC 545 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It is located at a distance of circa 250 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 545 is about 180,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on October 1, 1785.[2] It is a member of the Abell 194 galaxy cluster and is included along with NGC 547 in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

NGC 545
NGC 545 by the SDSS
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationCetus
Right ascension01h 25m 59.1s[1]
Declination−01° 20′ 25″[1]
Redshift0.017806 ± 0.000025 [1]
Helio radial velocity5,338 ± 7 km/s[1]
Distance250 ± 55 Mly (78 ± 17 Mpc)[1]
Group or clusterAbell 194
Apparent magnitude (V)12.3
Characteristics
TypeSA0- [1]
Apparent size (V)2′.4 × 1′.6[1]
Other designations
UGC 1007, Arp 308, CGCG 385-132, MCG +00-04-142, PGC 5323[1]

A weak radio source with radio jets has been associated with NGC 545. The short jet crosses the much more prominent jet of NGC 547.[3] Observations of the centre of the galaxy by Hubble Space Telescope didn't reveal the presence of dust or disk features.[4] In the centre of the galaxy is believed to exist a supermassive black hole whose mass is estimated to be about 600 million (108.79) M☉ based on the stellar tidal disruption rate.[5]

NGC 545 forms a pair with the equally bright NGC 547, which lies 0.5 arcminutes away. They share a common envelope,[6] however, despite their close position, no tidal features like tails or bridges have been observed.[7] A stellar bridge has been detected between the galaxy pair and NGC 541,[8] which lies 4.5 arcminutes to the southwest (projected distance circa 100 kpc).[9]

Observations of the galaxy by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory revealed sharp surface brightness edges on the northeastern part of the galaxy and an extended tail in the soft band. It has been presumed that these are the result of motion of NGC 545 towards the centre of the cluster that has been identified as the location of NGC 547.[10]

References
  1. "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 545. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  2. Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 545 (= PGC 5323, and with NGC 547 = Arp 308)". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  3. Sakelliou, Irini; Hardcastle, M. J.; Jetha, N. N. (February 2008). "3C 40 in Abell 194: can tail radio galaxies exist in a quiescent cluster?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 384 (1): 87–93. arXiv:0709.2133. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.384...87S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12465.x. S2CID 16802624.
  4. Laine, Seppo; van der Marel, Roeland P.; Lauer, Tod R.; Postman, Marc; O’Dea, Christopher P.; Owen, Frazer N. (February 2003). "Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Brightest Cluster Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 125 (2): 478–505. arXiv:astro-ph/0211074. Bibcode:2003AJ....125..478L. doi:10.1086/345823. S2CID 118558349.
  5. Stone, Nicholas C.; Metzger, Brian D. (1 January 2016). "Rates of stellar tidal disruption as probes of the supermassive black hole mass function". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 455 (1): 859–883. arXiv:1410.7772. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.455..859S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv2281. S2CID 119308901.
  6. Nilson, P. (1973) Uppsala General Catalogue of Galaxies, Acta Universitatis Upsalienis, Nova Regiae Societatis Upsaliensis, Series V: A Vol. 1
  7. Fasano, G.; Falomo, R.; Scarpa, R. (September 1996). "Optical surface photometry of radio galaxies — I. Observations and data analysis". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 282 (1): 40–66. Bibcode:1996MNRAS.282...40F. doi:10.1093/mnras/282.1.40.
  8. Croft, Steve; van Breugel, Wil; de Vries, Wim; Dopita, Mike; Martin, Chris; Morganti, Raffaella; Neff, Susan; Oosterloo, Tom; Schiminovich, David; Stanford, S. A.; van Gorkom, Jacqueline (20 August 2006). "Minkowski's Object: A Starburst Triggered by a Radio Jet, Revisited". The Astrophysical Journal. 647 (2): 1040–1055. arXiv:astro-ph/0604557. Bibcode:2006ApJ...647.1040C. doi:10.1086/505526. S2CID 119331218.
  9. Verdoes Kleijn, Gijs A.; Baum, Stefi A.; de Zeeuw, P. Tim; O'Dea, Chris P. (December 1999). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Nearby Radio-Loud Early-Type Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (6): 2592–2617. arXiv:astro-ph/9909256. Bibcode:1999AJ....118.2592V. doi:10.1086/301135.
  10. Bogdán, Ákos; Kraft, Ralph P.; Forman, William R.; Jones, Christine; Randall, Scott W.; Sun, Ming; O'Dea, Christopher P.; Churazov, Eugene; Baum, Stefi A. (10 December 2011). "Chandra and ROSAT Observations of A194: Detection of an X-Ray Cavity and Mapping the Dynamics of the Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 743 (1): 59. arXiv:1106.3434. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743...59B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/59.


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