Nassau, Rhineland-Palatinate

Nassau (/ˈnæsɔː/ NASS-aw, also UK: /ˈnæsaʊ/ NASS-ow, US: /ˈnɑːsaʊ/ NAHSS-ow, German: [ˈnasaʊ] (listen)) is a town located in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It rains throughout the year in the region and the city is situated next to a river. It lies in the valley of the Lahn River between the cities of Bad Ems and Limburg an der Lahn. Nassau was the seat of the former Verbandsgemeinde Nassau, and is part of the Nassau Nature Park. The town is on the German-Dutch holiday road, the Orange Route. As of 2017, it had a population of 4,521.

This article is about the town. For the region, see Nassau (region). For other uses, see Nassau (disambiguation).
Nassau
Coat of arms
Location of Nassau within Rhein-Lahn-Kreis district
Nassau
Nassau
Coordinates: 50°18′57″N 7°48′08″E
CountryGermany
StateRhineland-Palatinate
DistrictRhein-Lahn-Kreis
Municipal assoc.Bad Ems-Nassau
Government
 • MayorUdo Rau (CDU)
Area
 • Total17.51 km2 (6.76 sq mi)
Elevation
100 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2019-12-31)[1]
 • Total4,535
 • Density260/km2 (670/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
56377
Dialling codes02604
Vehicle registrationEMS
Websitewww.stadt-nassau.de

Nassau gave its name to the prominent royal House of Nassau and directly or indirectly to numerous geographical entities, including a sovereign state, the Duchy of Nassau, the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau, the historical and geographical region Nassau, Nassau County, New York, and the capital city of Nassau, Bahamas. Historically, Long Island in New York State was also called Nassau though the name passed out of use.

History
Nassau Castle, ancestral seat of the House of Nassau. The lordship associated with Nassau Castle was the namesake of numerous other entities called "Nassau".

The earliest known surviving mention of Nassau refers to the Villa Nassova estate of the Bishopric of Worms in a 915 deed. In 1348 the Emperor Charles IV granted Nassau town-privileges rights together with nearby Dausenau and Scheuern. Count Dudo-Heinrich of Laurenburg had the Nassau Castle built about 1100 and his descendants began to call themselves the Counts of Nassau. Count Adolf of Nassau served as the elected King of the Romans from 1292 until his death on 2 July 1298. The Counts of Nassau married into the line of the neighbouring Counts of Arnstein (Obernhof/Attenhausen), founders of the monastery at Arnstein. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the town became part of the Duchy of Nassau.

Nassau suffered heavily from bombings by American B-26 Marauders during World War II, all three hospitals and almost all of the inner city were completely destroyed.

Despite the ancient and eventful history of this town, it had a population of fewer than 5,000 inhabitants as of 2012.

The town of Nassau became the namesake of the Duchy of Nassau, the royal House of Nassau and its branch named the House of Orange-Nassau, and the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau. William III of England obtained a title Nassau. The Grand Duke of Luxembourg still uses Nassau as a title and it is also part of the Dutch royal family, (called Orange-Nassau). Its name has also spawned a multitude of other namings in the Americas, such as Nassau, the capital city of the Bahamas, and Nassau County, New York, in the United States. The name also occurs in the titles of ships, buildings, and even a type of bet used in golf.

Main sights

Located in Nassau, south of the Lahn River, is the Nassau Castle. It is the eponymous ancestral seat of the counts of Nassau and thus the joint ancestral castle of the Grand Dukes of Luxembourg and Dutch royal house of Nassau.

The town is also home to the Steinische Hof, the seat of the Reichsfreiherren (Barons) vom und zum Stein, and birthplace of the Prussian reformer and Minister Heinrich Friedrich Karl, Reichsfreiherr vom und zum Stein.

People

The Imperial Baron Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, Prussian statesman and reformer, was born in Nassau on October 25, 1757. Here he wrote his famous Nassauer Memorandum of 1807. Stein descended from an ancient aristocratic dynasty, who had been residents of Nassau since the 12th century. The family estate lies in the centre of the town, called the Steinische Hof, which today is still in the possession of the descendants of the reformer, the Counts von Kanitz. He died in Cappenberg, district of Selm in the year 1831.

Sons and daughters of the city
Simon Moritz Bethmann

Personalities who are associated with Nassau
Alexander von Falkenhausen in 1940

References
  1. "Bevölkerungsstand 2019, Kreise, Gemeinden, Verbandsgemeinden". Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz (in German). 2020.
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