Nengren Temple (Jiujiang)
Nengren Temple (Chinese: 能仁寺; pinyin: Néngrén Sì) is a Buddhist temple located in Xunyang District of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China. Nengren Temple is one of the "Three Buddhist Temples of Jiujiang". It has been authorized as a National Key Buddhist Temple in Han Chinese Area by the State Council of China in 1983. Nengren Temple was first built in the Northern and Southern dynasties (420–589), and went through many changes and repairs through the following dynasties. The modern temple was founded in 1870 in the Tongzhi period of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911).
| Nengren Temple | |
|---|---|
能仁寺 | |
 The shanmen at Nengren Temple. | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Buddhism |
| Deity | Chan Buddhism |
| Leadership | Shi Puyu (释普钰)[1] |
| Location | |
| Location | Xunyang District, Jiujiang, Jiangxi |
| Country | China |
  Shown within China | |
| Geographic coordinates | 29°17′30″N 116°24′38″E |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Chinese architecture |
| Date established | 502–549 |
| Completed | 1870 (reconstruction) |
History
Liang and Tang dynasties
Nengren Temple was first built between 502 and 549 during the reign of Emperor Wu of Liang of Liang dynasty (502–557), rebuilt in the Dali period (766–779) of Tang dynasty, and initially called "Chengtian Temple" (承天院).[2]
Song dynasty
The temple had reached unprecedented heyday in the reign of Emperor Renzong (1041–1048) of the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), while monk Baiyunduan (白云端) resided in the temple chanting and practicing scriptures, and attracted large numbers of practitioners.[2]
Yuan dynasty
In 1352, in the 12th year of Zhizheng period (1341–1370) in the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), the temple was completely destroyed by war.
Ming dynasty
In 1379, at the dawn of Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the local government rebuilt the temple. In 1498, in the 2nd year of Hongzhi era, the temple was renamed "Nengren Temple". In 1573 during the reign of Wanli Emperor, the Buddhist Texts Library was added to the temple.
Qing dynasty
In the Qianlong period (1736–1796) of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the emperor bestowed a set of Tripitakas on the temple. During the Xianfeng period (1851–1861), it became deserted and restored in the Tongzhi period (1862–1874).[2]
People's Republic of China
In July 1957, the Jiangxi People's Provincial Government classified the temple as a provincial level key cultural heritage.
In 1983, Nengren Temple was designated as a National Key Buddhist Temple in Han Chinese Area by the State Council of China.
Architecture
Nengren Temple is built along the up and down of mountains and divided into the front, middle and end routes. The central axis of the complex are the Shanmen, Shuangyang Bridge, Mahavira Hall, Iron Buddha Hall, and Buddhist Texts Library.[2]
Mahavira Hall
The Mahavira Hall is the main hall of Nengren Temple enshrining Sakyamuni. Statues of Kassapa and Ananda are placed on the left and right sides of his statue. The statues of Eighteen Arhats stand on both sides of the hall.
Dasheng Pagoda
The Dasheng Pagoda (大胜塔) was first built in 766 and rebuilt in 1379. The seven story, 42.26-metre (138.6 ft) tall, hexagonal-based Chinese pagoda is made of brick and stone.
Stone Boat
The Stone Boat (石船) was made in 1406 in the Qingli period of Northern Song dynasty (960–1127). It is 5-metre (16 ft) long, 1-metre (3 ft 3 in) wide, and 6-metre (20 ft) deep. During the Yuanyou period (1086–1094), an iron Buddha (铁佛) was cast and placed on the boat. Legend says that in the Northern Song dynasty a monk dreamed about an iron Buddha ferrying across the river in a stone boat. In the Cultural Revolution, the Iron Buddha was demolished by the Red Guards.
Shuangyang Bridge
The marble three-arch Shuangyang Bridge (双阳桥; 'Twin Sun Bridge') was built in the Yuanyou period (1086–1094) of the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), its banisters were engraved patterns of various flying phoenixes, lotuses, Hercules, monsters, etc.
References
- 江西省佛教协会第十次讲经交流会在九江能仁寺开幕. fjnet.com (in Chinese). 2015-04-29.
- Zhang Yuhuan (2012), p. 156–157.
Bibliography
- Zhang Yuhuan (2012). "One of the Three Buddhist Temples in Jiujiang: Nengren Temple" 《九江三大丛林之一：九江能仁寺》. 《图解中国著名佛教寺院》 [Illustration of Famous Buddhist Temples in China] (in Chinese). Beijing: Contemporary China Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-5154-0135-5.