Norias of Hama

The Norias of Hama (Arabic: نواعير حماة‎) are a number of norias ("wheels of pots") along the Orontes River in the city of Hama, Syria. Only seventeen of the original norias remain. They are mostly unused now and serve an aesthetic purpose. They were called "the most splendid norias ever constructed".[1] The norias of Hama were submitted as a tentative World Heritage Site by the Syrian Arab Republic in June 1999.[2]

The norias of Hama on the Orontes River

History

The earliest evidence for norias in Hama suggests they were developed during the Byzantine era, although none of the norias in Hama today precede the Ayyubid period (12th/13th centuries). However, a mosaic found at Apamea dating to AD 469 pictures a noria similar to those at Hama, suggesting they may have earlier origins.[3] The surviving norias date back to the medieval Islamic period, when norias as large as 20 metres (66 ft) in diameter were built, with 120 water collection compartments and capable of raising more than 95 litres (25 US gal) of water per minute.[4] Now only 17 norias remain, unused.[5]

  • The Water Wheel of Hama
  • Al-Na‘urah al-Muhammadiyah at the beginning of the 20th century

References
  1. Needham and Ronan, 1995, p.281.
  2. https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1291
  3. Adriana De Miranda (2007). Water Architecture in the Lands of Syria: The Water-wheels. L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER. pp. 53–. ISBN 978-88-8265-433-7. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
  4. "Machines of the East". Ancient Discoveries. Season 3. Episode 10. History Channel. Retrieved 2008-09-07.
  5. Ring, Berney, Salkin, La Boda, Watson, and Schellinger, 1996, p.137-138.

Bibliography
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