Norio Wakamoto

Norio Wakamoto (若本 規夫, Wakamoto Norio, born October 18, 1945) is a Japanese actor, voice actor and narrator affiliated with the Sigma Seven talent agency. He was born in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, and was raised in Sakai, Osaka Prefecture. He graduated from Waseda University.

Norio Wakamoto
若本 規夫
Wakamoto at Desucon Frostbite in Lahti, Finland in 2013
Born
Noriaki Wakamoto

(1945-10-18) October 18, 1945
Alma materWaseda University
Occupation
Years active1972present
AgentSigma Seven
Height167 cm (5 ft 6 in)

On adult works, like OVAs or dating sims, he goes by the alias Kyōnosuke Hiruma (比留間 京之介, Hiruma Kyōnosuke).

Overview

Norio Wakamoto at Desucon Frostbite 2013, Finland

After graduation from Waseda University, Wakamoto initially found employment as a police officer assigned to the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department's Anti-Riot Squad division before becoming a voice actor.

The quality of Wakamoto's voice is known for uniting astringency and sharpness, usually leading him to villain roles in dubbing work and games. Examples include Oskar von Reuenthal in Legend of the Galactic Heroes, Barbatos Goetia in Tales of Destiny 2, Charles zi Britannia in Code Geass, Black Shadow in F-Zero GP Legend, Xemnas in the Kingdom Hearts series, Oda Nobunaga in Sengoku Basara, Cell in Dragon Ball Z, and Count Dracula in various Castlevania titles, and DIO from JoJo's Bizarre Adventure drama CD's. Nonetheless, Wakamoto has played numerous less antagonistic roles, such as Guilty Gear's Johnny, and has even lent his voice to comedic roles, including Mechazawa in Cromartie High School and Onsokumaru in Ninja Nonsense.

Filmography

Anime

Year Series Role Notes Source[1]
1977Glacier Warrior GaisluggerOnoriki[2]
1979Rose of VersaillesCount
1980Ashita no Joe 2Kim Yong-bi
1982AcrobunchHiro Randō[2]
1983Aura Battler DunbineNarrator[2]
1985Dancouga - Super Beast Machine GodShapiro Keats[2]
1986–1988Maison IkkokuMaster[2]
1986 Violence Jack: Harem BomberHalem Bomber[2]
1986Amon SagaDenon[2]
1986WindariaKyle[2]
1987Black Magic M-66Roger[2]
1988Tatakae!! RamenmanKinnikuken Banboro[2]
1988AppleseedA.J. Sebastian[2]
1988Virgin FleetWakamoto[2]
1988Yoroiden Samurai TroopersKaosu[2]
1988GunbusterKoichiro "Coach" Ota[2]
1988OishinboSeiichi Okaboshi[2]
1988Armor Hunter MellowlinkSergeant Gorufi[2]
1988Legend of the Galactic HeroesOskar von Reuenthal[2]
1989Goku Midnight EyeHakuryuu Genji[2]
1989Legend of Heavenly Sphere ShuratoShiva[2]
1989Shin BikkurimanBlack Zeus[2]
1989Assemble InsertHattori[2]
1989GuyverOswald A. Lisker[2]
1990AD PoliceBilly FanwordEp. 3[2]
1990Cyber City Oedo 808Juzo Hasegawa[2]
1990Record of Lodoss WarWoodchuck, WoodkarlaOVA[2]
1990Karasu Tengu KabutoFuuma Kotaro[2]
1991Burn Up!McCoy[2]
1991MadaraMiroku[2]
1991RG VedaTaishakuten[2]
1991Guardian of DarknessSusanooEp. 2[2]
1991Detonator OrgunTomoru's brother, Simmons[2]
1991Ninja RyuukendenRobert[2]
1991Tobe! Kurija no PeekFather[2]
1992Tekkaman BladeTekkaman Omega, Kengo Aiba[2]
1992Sailor MoonYusuke AmadeEp. 6[2]
1992Dragon Ball ZCell[2]
1992Giant RoboTaisou[2]
1992Ushio and ToraHyou[2]
1992Tenchi Muyo Ryo-OhkiKagato[2]
1992Yu Yu HakushoGouki, Chuu[2]
1992Ys II: Castle in the HeavensDarm[2]
1993Miracle GirlsMr. X[2]
1993–1994Kishin CorpsMatoi Shinkai[2]
1994Akazukin ChachaGekkoEp. 46[2]
1994Plastic LittleBalboa[2]
1994801 T.T.S. AirbatsKonishi Mitsuru[2]
1994Macross PlusDr. Worth[2]
1994Yagami-kun no Katei no JijōYōji Yagami[2]
1995Tenchi UniverseKagato[2]
1995Wedding PeachTamano Masahiro[2]
1995Slayers The Motion PictureLagos[2]
1997Slayers GreatLord Granion[2]
1997BerserkGambino[2]
1998TrigunGofsef[2]
1998Cowboy BebopVicious[2]
1998Weiß KreuzReiji Takatori[2]
1998Master KeatonHermanEp. 20[2]
1998Steam DetectivesMachine Baron[2]
1998Eat-Man '98DoMarc[2]
1998YAT Anshin! Uchuu Ryokou 2Ganon[2]
1999Legend of HimikoAmatama master, Jakatsu[2]
1999Angel LinksLawrence McGuire[2]
1999Infinite RyviusConrad Visukesu[2]
2001JoJo's Bizarre AdventureHol Horse[2]
2001–2015Uta no Prince-samaShining Saotome[2]
2001s-CRY-edNarrator[2]
2001HellsingRichard HellsingTV series[2]
2001Cyborg 009Scarl
2002Heat Guy JSerge Echigo[2]
2002Azumanga DaiohChiyo-Father[2]
2002–2003Kiddy GradeChevalier D'Autriche[2]
2002Duel MastersJōji
2002Digimon FrontierIceDevimon
2002DaigunderDragoburstTV Series
2002Space Pirate Captain Herlock: The Endless OdysseyIrita[2]
2003Wolf's RainOwl, Darcia[2]
2003Zatch Bell!Victoream
2003Ninja Scroll: The SeriesKitsunebiTV series[2]
2003Cromartie High SchoolShinichi Mechazawa[2]
2003The Wicked and the Damned: A Hundred Tales of KarmaTokuemon[2]
2003PlanetesGigart[2]
2003F-Zero GP LegendBlack Shadow
2004GokusenOhshima[2]
2004Sgt. FrogShurara
2004Samurai ChamplooBundai[2]
2004Ninja NonsenseOnsokumaru[2]
2004Desert PunkRain Spider[2]
2005Ah! My GoddessSenbee[2]
2005Transformers: CybertronFlame Convoy
2005Basilisk: The Kouga Ninja ScrollsYagyū Munenori[2]
2006Hellsing UltimateFather Alexander Anderson[3]
2006Yoshinaga-san Chi no GargoyleGargoyle
2006-2017GintamaKatakuriko Matsudaira
2006Ah! My Goddess: Flights of FancySenbee[2]
2006Inukami!Sekidousai
2006Parappa The RapperKing Kong Mushi (Ep. 29)
2006D.Gray-manWinters Sokaro[4]
2006Code GeassCharles zi Britannia
2006Ghost Slayers AyashiTorī Yōzō[2]
2007Hayate the Combat ButlerVoice of the Heavens (Narrator)
2007Oh! Edo RocketYozo Torii
2007Baccano!Gustave St. Germain[5]
2008Tetsuwan Birdy: DecodeSkeletso
2008Antique BakeryTadahiro Akutagawa
2009Sengoku BasaraOda Nobunaga[6]
2009–2010Kiddy Girl-andShuu[2]
2009–2010Dragon Ball Z KaiCell[2]
2011–2012Dog DaysGodwin Dorure[2]
2011Dororon Enma-kun MeeraMeraEnma Daiō[2]
2011Future DiaryDeus Ex Machina
2013Blood LadWolf Daddy[2]
2014Wizard BarristersNana Genie
2015Dog DaysGodwin Dorure
2016Ushio to ToraGuren
Case ClosedPolice Inspector Gorō Ōtaki, others[2]
Chounoukyuu GaragaAlf[2]
Sasuga no SarutobiOgata Sensei[2]
Sazae-sanAnago, others
Wizardry OVARandy[2]
Dog SoldierMakoto Allen Takemura[2]
JokerNarration[2]
Kinnikuman II SeiBlood Killer[2]
Le DeusKairi[2]
Makai TenshoAraki Mataemon[2]
2018Pop Team EpicPipimi (episode 3, second half)
Dances with the DragonsViscount AmupuraFirst appearance before end credits of Episode 6

Film

Year Series Role Notes Source[1]
1981Mobile Suit GundamGene[2]
1989The Five Star StoriesVord Bewlard[2]
1993Ninja ScrollUtsutsu Mujuurou[2]
2001MetropolisPero[2]
2013Bayonetta: Bloody FateBalder[7]

Drama CDs

Series Role Notes Source[1]
Aa Megami-sama: Tokuten OuSenbee[2]
Aozora ShoujotaiKonishi Mitsuru[2]
Aozora Shoujotai Saraba Shimo RangerNarrator[2]
Den'ei Shoujo Video Girl AiMysterious Man[2]
Dog DaysGodwin Dorure[2]
Ganbaru Sentai Mare Rangerniconico[2]
JoJo's Bizarre AdventureDio Brando[2]
RG VedaTeishakuten[2]
Vampire HunterNarrationCassette[2]

Live-action television narration

Series Channel Notes Source[1]
Arashi ni shiyagare (ja:嵐にしやがれ) NTVvariety show
Tōkōtokuhōōkoku (ja:投稿!特ホウ王国) NTV
Nanda kimi wa! ? TV (なんだ君は! ? TV, What are you! ? TV) TBS
Hitoshi Matsumoto no suberanai hanashi (ja:人志松本のすべらない話) CXVariety show
Downtown no Gottsu Ee Kanji CXVariety show
The Nonfiction (ja:ザ・ノンフィクション) CX
(ja:近未来×予測テレビ ジキル&ハイド) EX
Super J Channel (ja:スーパーJチャンネル) EX
(ja:真相究明!噂のファイル) EX
(ja:実録世界のミステリー) TX
(ja:商品降臨) TX
Saturday Theater (サタデーシアター) BS朝日
Journey of ANA (全日空の旅) BS-TBS
Hikari TV presents bimyo 〜na tobira AKB 48 no gachichare (ja:びみょ〜な扉 AKB48のガチチャレ) Hikari TV


Video games

Year Series Role Notes Source[1]
1991Cyber City Oedo 808 Kemono no ZokuseiDekachuPC Engine[2]
1992Maho no Shojo Silky LipOhtake DomeMegadrive[2]
1992Detonator OrgunLangMega CD[2]
1992Quiz no HoshiPC Engine[2]
1993Tenshi no Uta 2 Datenshi no SentakuLanzoPC Engine[2]
1995Dragon Ball Z Ultimate Battle 22CellPlayStation[2]
1995O-chan no Oekaki LogicSukezaemonPlayStation[2]
1995Kishin Douji Zenki FX: Vajura FightMarubasuPC-FX
1996PopoloCrois Monogatari IIKimendouji, JumboPlayStation[2]
1996Last BronxToru KurosawaArcade, Sega Saturn, Windows[2]
1997Eve Burst ErrorRoss MidouSega Saturn[2]
1997Marica -Shinjitsu no Sekai- (ja:マリカ 〜真実の世界〜)RonaldSega Saturn[2]
1997 Castlevania: Symphony of the Night Dracula PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Xbox 360 [8]
1998Gunbird 2AineArcade
1998Neon Genesis Evangelion - Eva and Good Friends The Stripping Project!OhtaPlayStation[2]
1998U.P.P.BuohPlayStation[2]
1999EretzvajuDefault "Male Narrator" voice
PlayStation
1999Little Princess: Marl Ōkoku no Ningyō Hime 2Fon FonPlayStation[2]
2000Patlabor -Game Edition-KurishunaPlayStation[2]
2000Eternal ArcadiaGilderDreamcast[2][8]
2000The BouncerDauragon C. MikadoPlayStation 2[8]
2001Capcom vs. SNK 2 EOM. Bison (Vega)GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox[2]
2001The King of Fighters 2001IgnizNeo-Geo, PlayStation 2[2]
2001Mega Man X6High MaxPlayStation[9]
2002The King of Fighters 2002Rugal BernsteinNeo Geo, PlayStation 2[2][8]
2002Guilty Gear X2JohnnyPlayStation 2[9]
2002Tales of Destiny 2Barbatos GoetiaPlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable[2]
2002Innocent TearsYohanesu KamiizumiXbox[2]
2002PoPoLoCrois: Hajimari no BoukenYazmPlayStation 2[2]
2003BujingaiNaguri TensaiPlayStation 2[9]
2004Kishin Houkou DemonbaneAugustusPlayStation 2[9]
2004Quiz Magic Academy 2Garuuda-senseiPlayStation[2]
2005Wild Arms 4Gawn BrawdiaPlayStation 2[2]
2005Quiz Magic Academy 3GaruudaArcade[2]
2005Sharin no Kuni, Himawari no ShoujoHouzuki MasaomiVisual Novel
2005Kingdom Hearts IIXemnasPlayStation 2[2][8]
2006Final Fantasy XIIAl-Cid MargracePlayStation 2, PlayStation 4, PC, Nintendo Switch, Xbox One[8]
2006Kishin Hishou DemonbaneAugustusPC[9]
2006Soul Link ExtensionPlayStation 2[2]
2006Super Dragon Ball ZCellPlayStation 2[9]
2006Castlevania: Portrait of RuinDraculaNintendo DS[9]
2006Guilty Gear XX Accent CoreJohnnyPlayStation 2[2]
2007Luminous ArcAndreNintendo DS[2]
2007Super Robot Taisen OG Original GenerationsShuterunPlayStation 2[2]
2007Sengoku Basara 2Oda NobunagaWii[2]
2007Final Fantasy IVRubicanteNintendo DS[9]
2007Star Ocean: First DepartureAshlay BernbeldtPlayStation Portable[9][8]
2008Coded Soul: Uketsugareshi IdeaMemePlayStation Portable
2008–14Street Fighter IV seriesM. Bison (Vega)Android, Arcade, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Nintendo 3DS, iOS, Windows[10]
2008Soulcalibur IVYoshimitsuPlayStation, Xbox 360[2][8]
2008Castlevania: Order of EcclesiaDraculaNintendo DS[9]
2008GetAmped2Daigokuin RaizoPC
2008Castlevania: The Dracula X ChroniclesDraculaPlayStation Portable[2]
2008-10Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kizuna seriesYamaoki KaoruNintendo DS[9]
2008Dissidia: Final FantasyChaosPSP, PS Vita[8]
2009The King of Fighters 2002: Unlimited MatchIgnizPlaystation 2, Xbox Live[2][8]
2009Kingdom Hearts 358/2 DaysXemnasNintendo DS[2]
2009Himitsu Sentai Metamor VDaimonjiPlayStation[2]
2010Fist of the North Star: Ken's RageNarratorPlayStation 3, Xbox 360[9]
2010Splinter Cell: ConvictionVictor CosteXbox 360 (Japanese dub)[11]
2010Xenoblade ChroniclesMumkharWii[9][8]
2009Soulcalibur: Broken DestinyYoshimitsuPSP[8]
2011CatherineThomas Mutton (Dumuzid)PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita, Xbox 360[9][8]
2011Dissidia 012 Final FantasyChaosPSP[8]
2011Super Robot Taisen F KanketsuhenPlayStation[2]
2012Soulcalibur VYoshimitsu IIPlayStation, Xbox 360[2]
2012Street Fighter X TekkenM. Bison (Vega)PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Xbox 360, Windows[12]
2012Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop DistanceXemnasNintendo 3DS[2]
2013Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 RemixXemnasPlaystation 3[2]
2014BayonettaFather BalderWii U, Windows, Nintendo Switch[8]
2014Bayonetta 2Father BalderWii U, Nintendo Switch[8]
2014Kingdom Hearts HD 2.5 RemixXemnasPlaystation 3[2]
2015Higurashi no Naku Koro ni SuiYamaoki KaoruPlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita[9]
2015Guilty Gear Xrd RevelatorJohnnyArcade, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4[2]
2015Project X Zone 2M. Bison (Vega), Black FaceNintendo 3DS[13][14][8]
2016Street Fighter VM. Bison (Vega)PlayStation 4, Windows[15]
2017Kingdom Hearts HD 2.8 Final Chapter PrologueXemnasPlaystation 4[2]
2017Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 + 2.5 RemixXemnasPlaystation 4[2]
2018Dragon Ball FighterZCellPlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows[2]
2018Soulcalibur VIYoshimitsuPlayStation 4, Xbox One, Windows[16]
2018 Castlevania: Requiem Dracula Playstation 4
2019Kingdom Hearts IIIXemnasPlayStation 4, Xbox One[2]
3x3 Eyes -Kyuusei Koushu-YangPlayStation, Windows[2]
The King of Fighters WorldIgnizAndroid, iOS[2]


Tokusatsu

Year Series Role Notes Source[1]
1980X-BomberCaptain Custer
1998Seijuu Sentai GingamanNarrator
1999Seijuu Sentai Gingaman vs. MegarangerNarrator
2008Kamen Rider Kiva: King of the Castle in the Demon WorldRey Kivat, Arc KivatMovie[17]
2010Tensou Sentai GoseigerYuumajuu Zeibu of the MummyEp. 18
2010Ultraman Zero The Movie: Super Deciding Fight! The Belial Galactic EmpireIaronMovie[18]
2018Kamen Rider BuildSclash Driver Voice, Twin Breaker Voice, Crocodile Crack Fullbottle Voice, Cross-Z Magma Knuckle Voice, Great Cross-Z Dragon Voice, Genius Fullbottle Voice (Voiced by Katsuya Kobayashi), Grease Blizzard Knuckle VoiceEps. 17 - 48

Overseas dubbing

Live-action
Series Role Voice dub for Notes Source[1]
8mmDino VelvetPeter Stormare[19]
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the WardrobeMaugrimMichael Madsen
CootiesWade JohnsonRainn Wilson[20]
The CureThe Man with the GoutEric Campbell[21]
Duck, You Sucker!Colonel Günther RuizAntoine Saint-John[22]
Jack Reacher: Never Go BackGeneral James HarknessRobert Knepper[23]
LegendThe Lord of DarknessTim Curry[24]
The MaskMitch KellawayPeter Riegert
Me, Myself & IreneLt. GerkeChris Cooper[25]
Prison BreakTheodore "T-Bag" BagwellRobert Knepper
The ProfessionalsBodieLewis Collins
The RinkMr. StoutEric Campbell[26]
Rocky IVIvan DragoDolph Lundgren[27]
Seal Team Six: The Raid on Osama Bin LadenLieutenant CommanderRobert Knepper[28]
Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes BackLando CalrissianBilly Dee Williams[29]
Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi
Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker
Superman IV: The Quest for PeaceNuclear ManGene Hackman[30]
Transporter 3JohnsonRobert Knepper[31]
World War ZEx-CIA AgentDavid Morse[32]
Animation
Series Role Notes Source[1]
ChuggingtonFrostini[33]
G.I. Joe: A Real American HeroRipper[2]
X-MenMister SinisterTV Tokyo edition
Transformers AnimatedMegatron

References

  1. "若本 規夫|株式会社シグマ・セブン". sigma7.co.jp. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
  2. Doi, Hitoshi. "Wakamoto Norio roles". Hitoshi Doi's Seiyuu Database. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
  3. "Hellsing Ultimate III". Hellsing Ultimate. Episode 3. October 4, 2014. Adult Swim.
  4. "若本規夫(Norio Wakamoto)=比留間狂ノ介=長野勇=狭山恭司=男気一本=古川源三郎=川中嶋悟=さとう雅義" (in Japanese). Voice Artist Database. Retrieved March 29, 2009.
  5. "バッカーノ! Staff & Cast" [Baccano Staff & Cast|work=Wowow Online] (in Japanese). Retrieved August 13, 2015.
  6. Amith, Dennis (November 17, 2012). "Sengoku Basara: The Last Party (a J!-ENT Blu-ray Disc Review)". J!-ENT.
  7. "CAST&STAFF <nowiki>". Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  8. "Norio Wakamoto - 258 Character Images | Behind The Voice Actors". behindthevoiceactors.com. Check mark indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources.
  9. "声優さん出演リスト 個別表示:若本規夫(Norio Wakamoto)=比留間狂ノ介=比留間京之介=長野勇=狭山恭司=男気一本=古川源三郎=川中嶋悟=さとう雅義=夕凪咲巳=若本紀昭" [Voice actor's appearance list individual display: Norio Wakamoto]. Voice Artist Database (in Japanese). GamePlaza-HARUKA-. August 17, 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
  10. Capcom, Dimps. Street Fighter IV. Capcom. Scene: Closing credits, Cast.
    Capcom, Dimps. Super Street Fighter IV. Capcom. Scene: Closing credits, Cast.
    Capcom, Dimps. Super Street Fighter IV: 3D Edition. Capcom. Scene: Closing credits, Cast.
    Capcom, Dimps. Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition. Capcom. Scene: Closing credits, Cast.
    Capcom, Dimps. Ultra Street Fighter IV. Capcom. Scene: Closing credits, Cast.
  11. "Ubisoft Dubbing Splinter Cell: Conviction For Japan". Siliconera. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
  12. Capcom, Dimps. Street Fighter X Tekken. Capcom. Scene: Closing credits, Cast.
  13. "ベガ|CHARACTER|PROJECT X ZONE 2:BRAVE NEW WORLD|バンダイナムコゲームス公式サイト". pxz2.bn-ent.net. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
  14. "黒いフェイス|CHARACTER|PROJECT X ZONE 2:BRAVE NEW WORLD|バンダイナムコゲームス公式サイト". pxz2-bn-ent.net. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
  15. Capcom, Dimps. Street Fighter V. Capcom. Scene: Closing credits, Cast.
  16. "SOULCALIBUR VI (ソウルキャリバー 6) | バンダイナムコエンターテインメント公式サイト". sc6.soularchive.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  17. 平成の仮面ライダーには、人気声優が多数出演してるって知ってた!? 作品ごと出演声優をまとめてみた! (in Japanese). animate Times. August 29, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  18. "ふたたび。ピックアップキャラクター!". January 11, 2011. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  19. "8mm". Star Channel. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
  20. "ゾンビスクール!(DVD)". Shochiku. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
  21. "チャップリンの霊泉". Star Channel. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  22. "夕陽のギャングたち". Star Channel. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  23. "ジャック・リーチャー NEVER GO BACK". Star Channel. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
  24. "レジェンド/光と闇の伝説". Fox Japan. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  25. "ふたりの男とひとりの女[]". Star Channel. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  26. "チャップリンのスケート". Star Channel. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  27. "ロッキー4/炎の友情". Star Channel. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  28. "ネイビーシールズ:チーム6". Star Channel. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  29. "『スター・ウォーズ』完結編、吹き替え声優発表!若本規夫、島田敏、高島雅羅らレジェンド集結". Cinematoday. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
  30. "スーパーマン4/最強の敵". Star Channel. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
  31. "トランスポーター3 アンリミテッド Blu-ray スペシャル・プライス". TC Entertainment. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
  32. "ワールド・ウォーZ". Star Channel. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
  33. "チャギントン - フジテレビ". Fuji TV. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
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