Omma

Omma; Temporal range: Rhaetian–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Omma stanleyi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Archostemata
Family:	Ommatidae
Genus:	Omma; Newman, 1839
Type species
	Omma stanleyi; Newman, 1839

Omma is a genus of beetles in the family Ommatidae. Omma is an example of a living fossil. The oldest species known, O. liassicum, lived during the final stage of the Triassic (Rhaetian), over 200 million years ago, followed by several other species from Europe and Asia until after O. attenuatum from the Lower Cretaceous (lower Aptian), the genus then reappears in the Burmese amber during the Cenomanian, then disappears from the fossil record for the remaining 100 million years until today, with one species (Omma stanleyi) endemic to Australia, three other extant species that were formerly part of this genus were moved to the separate genus Beutelius in 2020.[1] The extant Omma stanleyi is strongly associated with wood, being found under Eucalyptus bark and exhibiting thanatosis when disturbed. Its larval stage and many other life details are unknown due to its rarity. Males are typically 14-20 mm in length, while females are 14.4-27.5 mm. Omma stanleyi occurs throughout eastern Australia from Victoria to Central Queensland.[1]

Omma janetae from Burmese amber (early Cenomanian ~99 Ma)

Species, temporal and spatial distribution

The following extinct and extant species have been described.[2][3][4]

Taxa labelled (?) are considered questionable by Kirejtshuk, 2020

Omma aberratum Ponomarenko, 1968, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Formation, Karatau, Kazakhstan
(?)Omma altajense Ponomarenko, 1997, Middle to Later Jurassic, Togo-Khuduk Formation, Bakhar, Mongolia
Omma ancistrodontum Tan et al. 2012 Jiulongshan Formation (Callovian-Oxfordian), Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China
(?)Omma antennatum Ponomarenko, 1997, Lower Cretaceous (Aptian), Dzun-Bain Formation, Bon-Tsagan, Mongolia
Omma avus Ponomarenko, 1969, Lower Jurassic (Hettangian), Dzhil Formation, Issyk-Kul’, Kyrgyzstan
Omma davidbatteni Jarzembowski et al. 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
(?)Omma brevipes Deichmueller, 1886, Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), Solnhofen Formation, Solnhofen, Germany
(?)Omma daxishanense Cai and Huang 2017 Upper Jurassic (Oxfordian) Tiaojishan Formation, China
Omma delicatum Tan, Wang, Ren & Yang, 2012, Middle Jurassic (Bathonian-Callovian boundary), Jiulongshan Formation, Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China
(?)Omma elongatum Brodie 1845 Purbeck Group, Berriasian, Weald Clay, Hauterivian, United Kingdom
(?)Omma gobiense Ponomarenko, 1997, Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), Ulan-Ereg Formation, Khoutiin-Khotgor, Mongolia
(?)Omma grande Ponomarenko 1964 Karabastau Formation, Karatau, Kazakhstan
Omma janetae Kirejtshuk 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
Omma jurassicum Ponomarenko, 1968, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Formation, Karatau, Kazakhstan
Omma liassicum Crowson, 1962, Late Triassic (Rhaetian), Lilstock Formation, Brown's wood, Warwickshire, Hettangian, Blue Lias, Binton, Warwickshire, Sinemurian, Charmouth Mudstone, Charmouth, England
Omma lii Jarzembowski et al. 2016 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
Omma longicolle Ponomarenko 1997 Lower Cretaceous, Dzun-Bain Formation, Bon-Tsagan, Mongolia
Omma pilosum (Ponomarenko, 1964) = Ommamima pilosum, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Formation, Karatau, Kazakhstan
Omma sibiricum Ponomarenko, 1966, Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian), Zaza Formation, Baissa, West Transbaikalia Russia
Omma stanleyi Newman, 1839 (type), recent, Australia
Omma zitteli (Oppenheim, 1888) = Procarabus zitteli, Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), Solnhofen Formation, Solnhofen, Germany

References

Escalona, Hermes E.; Lawrence, John F.; Ślipiński, Adam (2020-01-24). "The extant species of the genus Omma Newman and description of Beutelius gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae: Ommatinae)". Zootaxa. 4728 (4): 547–574. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4728.4.11. ISSN 1175-5334.
Ommatidae Species List Archived 2012-10-23 at the Wayback Machine at Joel Hallan’s Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 11 May 2012.
Tan, Jingjing; Wang, Yongjie; Ren, Dong; Yang, Xingke (2012). "New fossil species of ommatids (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Middle Mesozoic of China illuminating the phylogeny of Ommatidae". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 113. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-113. PMC 3518168. PMID 22776212.
Kirejtshuk, Alexander G. (2020-02-17). "Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea". Geosciences. 10 (2): 73. doi:10.3390/geosciences10020073. ISSN 2076-3263.

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[:0-1] Escalona, Hermes E.; Lawrence, John F.; Ślipiński, Adam (2020-01-24). "The extant species of the genus Omma Newman and description of Beutelius gen. nov. (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae: Ommatinae)". Zootaxa. 4728 (4): 547–574. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4728.4.11. ISSN 1175-5334.

[2] Ommatidae Species List Archived 2012-10-23 at the Wayback Machine at Joel Hallan’s Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 11 May 2012.

[3] Tan, Jingjing; Wang, Yongjie; Ren, Dong; Yang, Xingke (2012). "New fossil species of ommatids (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from the Middle Mesozoic of China illuminating the phylogeny of Ommatidae". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12: 113. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-113. PMC 3518168. PMID 22776212.

[4] Kirejtshuk, Alexander G. (2020-02-17). "Taxonomic Review of Fossil Coleopterous Families (Insecta, Coleoptera). Suborder Archostemata: Superfamilies Coleopseoidea and Cupedoidea". Geosciences. 10 (2): 73. doi:10.3390/geosciences10020073. ISSN 2076-3263.