Onion Portage Archeological District

The Onion Portage Archeological District encompasses a major archaeological site in Kobuk Valley National Park in northwestern Alaska. The site is a deeply stratified site, at which archaeologists have located nine complexes ranging dating from approximately 6500BC to AD1700. The site has been of critical benefit for the study of Arctic cultures, and is used to determine the cultural chronology of the region.[4]

Onion Portage Archeological District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
Alaska Heritage Resources Survey
The Giddings cabin
Location	Address restricted[1]
Nearest city	Kiana, Alaska
NRHP reference No.	72000191[2]
AHRS No.	AMR-001
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	June 20, 1972
Designated NHLD	June 2, 1978[3]

The district was added to the National Register of Historical Places in 1972[5] and was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1978.[3]

Setting

The Onion Portage site is located on the northern banks of the Kobuk River. Above the site is a sandy knoll, from which material is washed onto the site from deeply eroded gullies.[6]

Archaeological history

The Onion Portage site was first identified by the pioneering Arctic archaeologist J. Louis Giddings in 1940, during his first visit to the Kobuk River. He returned to the site in 1941, at which time some house pits were excavated, but the site's potential was not fully known. After World War II Giddings focused his efforts on other areas (notably the Iyatayet Site and sites at Cape Krusenstern, both also National Historic Landmarks, where he began to assemble a chronology of Arctic cultures. In 1961 he visited the site again, at which time its highly stratified nature was discovered. Giddings led a major excavation at the site in 1964, the last year of his life, seeking evidence of older cultures in the many layers of deposits.[7]

The only built structure to be included in the district is the Giddings Cabin, used by J. Louis Giddings during the 1964 excavation. The National Park Service has preserved the cabin.[4]

See also

• List of National Historic Landmarks in Alaska
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska

References

1. Federal and state laws and practices restrict general public access to information regarding the specific location of this resource. In some cases, this is to protect archeological sites from vandalism, while in other cases it is restricted at the request of the owner. See: Knoerl, John; Miller, Diane; Shrimpton, Rebecca H. (1990), Guidelines for Restricting Information about Historic and Prehistoric Resources, National Register Bulletin, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, OCLC 20706997.
2. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
3. "Onion Portage Archeological District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
4. "Giddings Cabin". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
5. "Nomination form of Onion Portage Archeological District" (pdf). National Park Service. September 18, 1987. Cite journal requires |journal= (help) and Accompanying pictures
6. "A Stone Age Campsite at the Gateway to America" (PDF). Alaska Resources Library. Retrieved 2014-01-17.
7. "Pioneer Arctic Archeologist J. Louis Giddings" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2014-01-17.