Ontario Science Centre

The Ontario Science Centre (French: Centre des sciences de l'Ontario) is a science museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, near the Don Valley Parkway about 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) northeast of downtown on Don Mills Road just south of Eglinton Avenue East in the former city of North York. It is built down the side of a wooded ravine formed by one branch of the Don River located in Flemingdon Park.

Ontario Science Centre
Location of the Ontario Science Centre in Toronto
Former name
Centennial Centre of Science and Technology[1][2]
EstablishedSeptember 26, 1969 (1969-09-26)
LocationToronto, Ontario, Canada
Coordinates43°43′00″N 79°20′18″W
TypeScience center
AccreditationAssociation of Science-Technology Centers (ASTC)
Visitors900,225[3]
CEOPaul Kortenaar
ArchitectRaymond Moriyama
OwnerGovernment of Ontario
Public transit access  25   34   100   925 
Science Centre (opening 2021)
Websitehttp://www.ontariosciencecentre.ca/

History

Planning for the Science Centre started in 1961 during Toronto's massive expansion of the late 1950s and 1960s.[4] In 1964, Toronto architect Raymond Moriyama was hired to design the site. Construction started in 1966 with plans to open the "Centennial Centre of Science and Technology" as part of the Canadian Centennial celebrations in 1967.[1] However construction was not complete in 1967, and the Science Centre did not open to the public until two years later, on September 26, 1969.[2]

The buildings and design were part of a broader change in Canadian architecture,[5] and remain an example of the brutalist style.

When it first opened, the Science Centre was a pioneer for its hands-on approach to science, along with San Francisco's Exploratorium and Detroit's Museum of Science and Technology. Unlike a traditional museum, where exhibits are for viewing only, the majority of the exhibits at the Science Centre were interactive, while many others were live demonstrations (e.g. metalworking). The Communications room contained a number of computerized displays, including a very popular tic-tac-toe game, run on a PDP-11 minicomputer.

In 1990, it was revealed the Ontario Science Centre had signed a contract with Oman to design a children's museum. The Ontario Science Centre had agreed to boycott Israeli goods and services while under contract.[6] The Ontario Science Centre later amended the contract to specify that all goods sold to Oman would be produced in North America.[7] The centre's Director General Mark Abbott was later fired for knowingly signing the original contract.[8]

In 2007, the Ontario Science Centre unveiled Teluscape, an outdoor plaza next to the main entrance with interactive exhibits throughout

In 2001 the Centre embarked on a capital project called "Agents of Change", which focused on innovation and renewed about 85 per cent of the Centre's public space, including the creation of seven new experience areas. The Centre received $47.5 million in contributions from the government of Ontario, private sector companies, and individuals. The Agents of Change transformation was completed 2007, culminating with the opening of the Weston Family Innovation Centre and the Teluscape plaza.[9]

Grounds

Plaza

Lotic Meander by Stacey Levy is an outdoor installation in polished and blasted granite and cast glass set into the solar terrace of the Ontario Science Centre. The work depicts the patterns of water as it moves through a stream bed.[10] In 2007, the Ontario Science Centre unveiled the Teluscape Exploration Plaza, providing several interactive exhibits adjacent to the science centre's exterior main entrance.

FUNtain Aquatic Play
World's largest outdoor hydraulophone which is publicly accessible 24 hours-a-day
Playing range of the hydraulophone

As originally built, the Science Centre had a large fountain area directly in front of the entranceway, located to create a traffic roundabout. The original water fountain has been rejuvenated to provide a more welcoming and accessible entrance to the Science Centre. The new plaza, named "Teluscape", was designed by Reich + Petch Architects and EDA Collaborative. It opened to the public on September 20, 2006, and is accessible to the public at all times.

The new fountain is also a hydraulophone designed by installation artist Steve Mann. It is a hydraulic-action pipe organ which anyone walking into the space can play . Blocking the flow of any one of the 57 water jets in the fountain forces the water across to a corresponding organ pipe, where it makes a loud sound as the water is forced out through the speaking mouth of the pipe. The lowest 12 notes in each pipe division of the organ are visible as pipes arranged in a circle. The North Division consists of stopped hydrapaisons (similar to diapaisons but running on water rather than air), whereas the South Division pipes are open at both ends (sound emerges from the ends rather than from a mouth as with the North pipes). The North organ console consists of 12 water jets, whereas the south console consists of 45 water jets.

The organ is supplied with water from three Pentair pumps, supplying water at a rate of 130 US gallons per minute (8.2 l/s), each by way of a 3 inches (7.6 cm) diameter water line, as well as air from three Ingersol Rand four-cylinder air compressors, each having a 25 horsepower (19 kW) motor. Since the instrument runs on both air and water, it may be regarded as a hybrid hydraulophone and pneumatophone, but because it is played by blocking water jets rather than air holes, it is principally a hydraulophone.

The fountain must be shut down and drained to avoid freezing damage during the cold season. On November 21, 2007, the aquatic play facility was temporarily switched from water operation to air operation, effectively becoming perhaps one of the first pneumatic-play facilities, where visitors can frolic in a fountain of air jets. In this mode of operation, the fountain becomes a wind instrument. The hydraulophone may not be operational during the winter months.

Building
The science centre building is home to Ontario's only IMAX Dome

Designed in the early 1960s, the original buildings incorporate Brutalist designs. The building complex is made up of three main buildings connected by a series of bridges and escalators, follows the natural contours of the Don River ravine, into which the Centre descends. Ontario's only IMAX Dome theatre opened in 1996.[11]

The Great Hall is an event venue at the Ontario Science Centre and is home to Cloud, a massive, computer-controlled kinetic sculpture by Toronto installation artist David Rokeby, which consists of an array of blue and transparent squares that rotate in various ways to simulate the three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas.[12]

For most of the time since opening in 1969, the Science Centre has hosted a demonstration amateur radio station.[13] Formerly located in the Hall of Space, the station is now located on Level 4 of the Centre, next to the elevator.[14] The station has the call sign "VE3OSC",[15] and licensed amateur radio operators volunteer there daily from 10 am to 3 pm.

Exhibitions

The Science Centre has hosted a number of travelling exhibits since its opening. In 1982, the exhibition China: 7,000 Years of Discovery broke all attendance records and attracted more than 1.5 million visitors.[11]

In 2003, the Strange Matter exhibition opened,[16] and the Body Worlds 2 exhibition attracted almost half a million visitors over five months when it came to the Centre in 2005.[11] The exhibition Facing Mars ran in 2008.[17] The Centre hosted Harry Potter: The Exhibition, a collection of props from the film series in 2010.[18] Leonardo da Vinci's Workshop (2011) featured physical models of da Vinci's inventions, built from drawings in his Codices. It also included interactive touch-screen digital reproductions of his Codices, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.[19] Circus: The Exhibition ran in 2012.[20] Game On 2.0, a video game history exhibition, ran March 9 to September 2, 2013 [21]

In June 2014, the Centre welcomed The Science of Rock 'N' Roll, which explores how advances in science and technology have revolutionized music. The exhibition features eight areas that comprise different interactive components, historical artifacts, informational walls, documentary videos and more.[22] The Science of Rock 'N' Roll was followed by In Knowledge We Trust, which ran October 4 to December 7, 2014, and explored the role trust plays in making us willing to share or use the knowledge we receive.[23]

During summer 2015, the Centre hosted the MythBusters: The Explosive Exhibition, based on the popular television series MythBusters.[24] In 2017, to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Canada, the Centre opened the exhibition Canada 150: Discovery Way, featuring Canadian stories behind transformational inventions and innovations.

Permanent galleries and exhibits

The science centre has several hundred interactive and passive permanent exhibits, featuring geology, the science of nature (in the west wing), astronomical science, how to play music and technology in the south wing, human anatomy, communication and bias, and some miscellaneous artifacts of science.

A Question of Truth

A Question of Truth is an exhibit that explores the methodologies, biases, and beliefs of scientific research. The exhibit provides visitors an opportunity to test controversial theories.[25]

AstraZeneca Human Edge

The AstraZenca Human Edge replaced the original human anatomy gallery, opened in December 2013 with sponsorship from AstraZeneca. In addition to detailing anatomy, the exhibit explores the possibilities of the human body with activities to simulate the experiences of adventure-seekers, elite athletes, and extreme-sports enthusiasts. There are more than 80 exhibits in the hall, which were all developed and built by the Science Centre's staff with input from more than 120 neuroscience, physiology, bio-mechanics and sports medicine experts.[26] The exhibit also features a climbing wall.[25]

Cohon Family Nature Escape
A raccoon at the Cohon Family Nature Escape. The outdoor exhibit is located behind the science centre, within the Don Valley.

The Cohon Family Nature Escape is an outdoor exhibit, situated within the Don River Valley to the back of the science centre. The exhibit features a giant Baltimore Oriole nest, concrete wall canvas for moss graffiti, and a slide made from a fallen 125-year-old Eastern White Pine.[25]

Forest Lane

Forest lane houses a number of trees and tree trunks from Canada. The exhibit includes a 464-year-old Douglas Fir, with markings on its growth rings denoting notable world events during the tree's lifetime.[25]

KidSpark

KidSpark is a designated space for children eight and under to explore and learn through play. The exhibition was opened in 2003.[27] The exhibition also has a rolling ball machine built by George Rhoads, and a music studio.[25]

Living Earth

The Living Earth hosts simulated environments around the world, including rain forests, coral reefs, and caves. It was opened in 1993.

Science Arcade

The Science Aracade is amongst the oldest exhibits at the science centre, having been a permanent fixture in the building since its opening in 1969. The Science Arcade houses a number of "arcade-styled" games.[25]

Space Hall and the Planetarium
Rocks from outer space on display at the science centre's Space Hall

The Space Hall was refurbished in the late 2000s and features meteorites from Mars and one of the few Moon rocks on public display in Canada. The Ontario Science Centre also holds Toronto's only operating public planetarium, since McLaughlin Planetarium was closed in 1995.

Weston Family Innovation Centre

The Weston Family Innovation Centre is an exhibit designed to encourage experimentation, and features exhibits that allow visitors to prototype a new type of shoe, and test their aviation abilities.[25] The Weston Family Innovation Centre houses Pipe Dreams by Bruce Shapiro, a bubble art installation.[28]

Science School

The Ontario Science Centre Science School (OSCSS) offers grade 12 University Preparation courses in STEM subjects: physics, biology, chemistry, calculus, and advanced functions. All students also complete an interdisciplinary studies credit in science communication while enrolled with the OSCSS. The credits are issued by either the Toronto District School Board or the Toronto Catholic District School Board, which also fund the program so it is available at no cost to students from anywhere in Ontario. While at the Science Centre, students earn practicum hours through volunteering and interacting with visitors.[29]

Governance

As an Agency of the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Science Centre is overseen by Trustees appointed by the Lieutenant Governor in Council, who selects[30]not fewer than sixteen and not more than twenty-six trustees, and designates one of them as chair and another as vice-chair.[31] Meetings are held four times a year, and Trustees serve for a term not exceeding three years but may be reappointed for one or more terms.

Affiliations

The Ontario Science Centre is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association (CMA), Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN), and Virtual Museum of Canada. The Ontario Science Centre is a member of the international Association of Science-Technology Centers (ASTC).

Cultural references

Ontario Science Centre was used by David Cronenberg as a location for his 1970 film Crimes of the Future[32]

References
  1. "Archives of Ontario - Tourism in Ontario: Government and the Tourist Industry - Expansion and Diversification". www.archives.gov.on.ca. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  2. "40 Years of Innovation". Ontario Science Centre. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  3. "Performance Target Discussions" (PDF). Annual Report 2017–2018. Ontario Science Centre. 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
  4. "Ontario Science Centre- Centennial Ontario". www.archives.gov.on.ca. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  5. Sanderson, Blair (Jun 29, 2016 12:42 PM ET | Last Updated: June 29, 2016). "50 years on, centennial buildings still important symbols". CBC. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. Eggertson, Laura (November 15, 1990). "Science Centre's Oman contract boycotted Israel". Kitchener - Waterloo Record.
  7. "Cohon rejects blame for science centre deal". Toronto Star. November 21, 1990.
  8. Brennan, Pat (November 20, 1990). "The Ontario Science Centre's fired director-general says he should have been sacked in July if a controversial contract he signed was wrong". Toronto Star.
  9. "Crossing Boundaries 2010/2011" (PDF). Ontario Science Centre. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  10. "Stacy Levy • Lotic Meander". Archived from the original on August 17, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  11. Ontario Science Centre: Major Moments
  12. Ontario Science Centre: Art Installations
  13. Sanderson, Neil. "Amateur radio station VE3OSC Toronto". Retrieved January 20, 2017.
  14. "Ontario Science Centre: Volunteer Demos". January 19, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  15. "VE3OSC - Callsign Lookup by QRZ.COM". January 19, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  16. Ontario Science Centre: Strange Matter (Medium and Large) Rental Information
  17. Ontario Science Centre: Exhibition Rentals : Facing Mars Archived October 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  18. "Harry Potter™: The Exhibition to cast a spell on the Ontario Science Centre". Ontario Science Centre. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  19. Leonardo da Vinci's Workshop: The Exhibition opens at the Ontario Science Centre
  20. 'The Greatest Show on Earth' at the Ontario Science Centre
  21. "Ontario Science Centre Hosts World's Biggest Video Game Celebration with Canadian Premiere of GAME ON 2.0". Ontario Science Centre. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  22. This summer #ScienceROCKS at the Ontario Science Centre with The Science of Rock 'N' Roll
  23. Ontario Science Centre: In Knowledge We Trust Archived October 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
  24. ExpiredContent
  25. "Permanent Exhibit Halls". Ontario Science Centre. 2019. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
  26. Ontario Science Centre: The AstraZeneca Human Edge
  27. Ontario Science Centre: KidSpark
  28. Ontario Science Centre: Project: Art
  29. "Ontario Science Centre: Science School". Ontariosciencecentre.ca. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  30. www.ontario.ca https://www.ontario.ca/orders-in-council/oc-11882016. Retrieved February 10, 2020. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  31. "Centennial Centre Of Science And Technology (Ontario Science Centre) - Public Appointments Secretariat". www.pas.gov.on.ca. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  32. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0065591/locations?ref_=tt_dt_dt.
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