Operation Dawn (1997)

Operation Dawn
	Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict and Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
Date	25 September – 15 October 1997
Location	Iraqi Kurdistan
Result	Turkish victory (Turkish claim)[1]
Belligerents
Turkey; Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP)	Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK); Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)[2]
Commanders and leaders
	Ali Haydar Kaytan[3]
Strength
Turkey: 15,000 ; KDP: 8,000 ; Total: 27,000	10,000-12,000
Casualties and losses
31 killed, 91 wounded	865 killed, 37 captured (Turkish claim)

Operation Dawn (Turkish: Şafak Harekâtı) was a cross-border operation by the Turkish Armed Forces (in conjunction with the forces of the Kurdistan Democratic Party) into Iraqi Kurdistan between 25 September and 15 October 1997 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), following its unsuccessful Operation Hammer earlier the same year.[4]

Casualties

Turkey announced fatalities of a total of 31 personnel of 3 commissioned officers, 24 soldiers, and 4 village guards; the injured at a total of 91 personnel out of 5 commissioned officers, 7 noncommissioned officers, 77 soldiers, and 2 village guards; and the total number of militants neutralized at 902, with 865 being killed and 37 being captured.[5] Clashes between the PKK and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) resulted in 'considerable losses' for the KDP.[6]

References

Deterring Terrorism: Theory and Practice. Stanford University Press.
"THE ARAB SPRING, ITS EFFECTS ON THE KURDS, AND THE APPROACHES OF TURKEY, IRAN, SYRIA, AND IRAQ ON THE KURDISH ISSUE". Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
Gunter, M.M. (1997). The Kurds and the Future of Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 35. ISBN 9780312172657. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
"Hitting the Kurds from All Sides". TIME. Retrieved 14 January 2016.
"Şafak harekatı (25 Eylül - 15 Ekim 1997)". Hürriyet. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey". unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2014.

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[1] Deterring Terrorism: Theory and Practice. Stanford University Press.

[gloria-center-2] "THE ARAB SPRING, ITS EFFECTS ON THE KURDS, AND THE APPROACHES OF TURKEY, IRAN, SYRIA, AND IRAQ ON THE KURDISH ISSUE". Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2014.

[google-3] Gunter, M.M. (1997). The Kurds and the Future of Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 35. ISBN 9780312172657. Retrieved 12 October 2014.

[4] "Hitting the Kurds from All Sides". TIME. Retrieved 14 January 2016.

[hurriyet1-5] "Şafak harekatı (25 Eylül - 15 Ekim 1997)". Hürriyet. Retrieved 11 October 2007.

[unhcr-6] United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey". unhcr.org. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2014.