Oryza nivara

Oryza nivara
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Oryzoideae
Genus:	Oryza
Species:	O. nivara
Binomial name
	Oryza nivara; S.D.Sharma & Shastry

Oryza nivara is a wild progenitor of the cultivated rice Oryza sativa.[2][3][4][5][6] It is found growing in swampy areas, at edge of pond and tanks, beside streams, in ditches, in or around rice fields. Grows in shallow water up to 0.3 m, in seasonally dry and open habitats.[5]

It is an annual, short to intermediate height (usually <2 m) grass; panicles usually compact, rarely open; spikelets large, 6-10.4 mm long and 1.9-3.4 mm wide, with strong awn (4–10 cm long); anthers 1.5–3 mm long.

Its distribution includes Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Recently, the genome of O. nivara was sequenced.[7]

References

Phillips, J.; Yang, L.; Vaughan, D. (2017). "Oryza nivara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T112680564A113899490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T112680564A113899490.en.
Choi, Jae Young; Platts, Adrian E.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Hsing, Yue-Ie; Wing, Rod A.; Purugganan, Michael D. (2017-01-12). "The rice paradox: Multiple origins but single domestication in Asian rice". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (4): 969–979. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx049. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 5400379. PMID 28087768.
Haritha, Guttikonda; Malathi, Surapaneni; Divya, Balakrishnan; Swamy, B. P. M.; Mangrauthia, S. K.; Sarla, Neelamraju (2018), Mondal, Tapan K.; Henry, Robert J. (eds.), "Oryza nivara Sharma et Shastry", The Wild Oryza Genomes, Compendium of Plant Genomes, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 207–238, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71997-9_20, ISBN 978-3-319-71997-9
Gressel, Jonathan (2020-03-03). Genetic Glass Ceilings: Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-2913-7.
Rana, M. K. (2014-06-01). Vegetables and their Allied as Protective Food. Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-93-86237-56-9.
Driem, George Van (2011-01-01). "Lost In The Sands Of Time Somewhere North Of The Bay Of Bengal". Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: 11–38. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004194489.i-322.10. ISBN 9789004216532.
Zhang, QJ.; Zhu, T.; Xia, EH.; Shi, C.; Liu, YL.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, WK.; et al. (Nov 2014). "Rapid diversification of five Oryza AA genomes associated with rice adaptation". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (46): E4954–E4962. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418307111. PMC 4246335. PMID 25368197.

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[IUCN-1] Phillips, J.; Yang, L.; Vaughan, D. (2017). "Oryza nivara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T112680564A113899490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T112680564A113899490.en.

[2] Choi, Jae Young; Platts, Adrian E.; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Hsing, Yue-Ie; Wing, Rod A.; Purugganan, Michael D. (2017-01-12). "The rice paradox: Multiple origins but single domestication in Asian rice". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (4): 969–979. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx049. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 5400379. PMID 28087768.

[3] Haritha, Guttikonda; Malathi, Surapaneni; Divya, Balakrishnan; Swamy, B. P. M.; Mangrauthia, S. K.; Sarla, Neelamraju (2018), Mondal, Tapan K.; Henry, Robert J. (eds.), "Oryza nivara Sharma et Shastry", The Wild Oryza Genomes, Compendium of Plant Genomes, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 207–238, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71997-9_20, ISBN 978-3-319-71997-9

[4] Gressel, Jonathan (2020-03-03). Genetic Glass Ceilings: Transgenics for Crop Biodiversity. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-2913-7.

[Rana-5] Rana, M. K. (2014-06-01). Vegetables and their Allied as Protective Food. Scientific Publishers. ISBN 978-93-86237-56-9.

[6] Driem, George Van (2011-01-01). "Lost In The Sands Of Time Somewhere North Of The Bay Of Bengal". Himalayan Languages and Linguistics: 11–38. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004194489.i-322.10. ISBN 9789004216532.

[7] Zhang, QJ.; Zhu, T.; Xia, EH.; Shi, C.; Liu, YL.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Jiang, WK.; et al. (Nov 2014). "Rapid diversification of five Oryza AA genomes associated with rice adaptation". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (46): E4954–E4962. doi:10.1073/pnas.1418307111. PMC 4246335. PMID 25368197.