Osman Karabegović

Osman Karabegović (7 September 1911 – 24 June 1996) was a Yugoslav and Bosnian communist politician and a recipient of the Order of the People's Hero. He joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1932.

Osman Karabegović
3rd President of the Executive Council of PR Bosnia and Herzegovina
In office
1956–1963
Preceded byAvdo Humo
Succeeded byHasan Brkić
Personal details
Born(1911-09-07)7 September 1911
Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary
Died24 June 1996(1996-06-24) (aged 84)
Belgrade, Serbia, FR Yugoslavia
CitizenshipYugoslav
Political partyLeague of Communists of Yugoslavia (1932–1974)
Spouse(s)Ljubica Karabegović
ProfessionPolitician, soldier
AwardsOrder of the People's Hero
Order of the People's Liberation
Order of the Yugoslav Flag
Order of the Partisan Star
Order of Bravery
Partisan Memorial
Military service
Allegiance Yugoslavia
Branch/serviceYugoslav Partisans
Years of service1941–1945
RankMajor General

During World War II, he was one of the leaders of the Yugoslav Partisans in Bosnia-Herzegovina. After the war, he held various posts in the Socialist Yugoslavia.

In 1972, after he criticized the Yugoslav model of workers' self-management and the lack of democracy in the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, he was expelled from the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.

He was a strong supporter of Slobodan Milošević in 1980s and 1990s, and opposed Alija Izetbegović in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He died in Belgrade in 1996.

Early life

Karabegović was born on 7 September 1911 in Banja Luka. He attended high school there and was an active member of the "Mlada Jugoslavija" association (English: Young Yugoslavia).

He joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1932[1] and in the same year was expelled from school because he participated in a students' strike. He finished the last of his classes of gymnasium in Sarajevo.

Because of his activity in the Communist Party and SKOJ he was arrested. He was released from prison under the pressure of public. In 1933, Karabegović entered the Veterinary Faculty in Zagreb.

Again, he actively participated in the work of SKOJ and the Communist Party. He was arrested for the same reasons a few times by police in Zagreb. In 1935 he was ordered to return in Banja Luka.

During 1936–37 he studied medicine at the University of Zagreb and became a member of the Students' Committee of SKOJ and a member of the Action Committee in Belgrade.

He participated in various demonstrations against the regime of Alexander I of Yugoslavia for which he was again arrested few times.

World War II

After World War II started in Yugoslavia, Karabegović returned to Banja Luka and became a member of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia for Bosanska Krajina.

He participated in organizing a rebellion against the Axis forces on 4 July 1941 in Šehitluci near Banja Luka. This was the final agreement by the Communists to begin a rebellion in Bosanska Krajina.

In the second half of June 1941 Karabegović visited Prijedor, Bosanski Novi, Krupa and Bihać where he held a few meetings with Partisan military officers and the Party's committees and transferred decisions made by the Communist Party about plans of a rebellion.[2]

In the beginning of July 1941, Karabegović, along with Josip Mažar Šoša, visited Bosanski Petrovac and Dvor and formed committees in preparation for the rebellion.

On the day when the rebellion started, 25 July 1941, Karabegović participated in consultations at Orlovci near Prijedor where the Communist Party made a schedule for the rebellion. Karabegović was sent along with Dr Mladen Stojanović and Josip Mažar Šoša to Kozara for organizing the rebellion.[3]

In August 1941, when the Second Detachment of Bosanska Krajina was formed, Karabegović became its political commissar. In the beginning of November 1941, Karabegović participated in military consultations held in the Partisan Supreme Command for Bosnia and Herzegovina of Romanija. He was one of the organizers of the regional party's consultations in Bosanska Krajina which was held on 22 February 1942 in Kneževo.

In those consultations, Karabegović became a political commissar of the Operational Headquarters for Bosanska Krajina, and when the First Bosnian Corps was formed at the end of 1942, he continued the same duties there.

Throughout the war, Karabegović held various posts, he was the Secretary of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia for Bosanska Krajina, a member of the Regional Committee for Communist Party of Yugoslavia and a member of the Supreme Command of the Yugoslav Partisans for Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was also an alderman in the First and Second Session of the AVNOJ and in all of the sessions of ZAVNOBiH.

Communist Yugoslavia
Osman Karabegović's grave in Belgrade

After the war he held various posts. From 1946 to 1974 he was the envoy of the Assembly of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia and from 1947 to 1956 he was a member of the Federal Government. Karabegović was also the President of the Executive Council of the People's Republic of Yugoslavia (de facto Prime Minister) from 1956 to 1963. Karabegović was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, and from 1948 he was a member of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. On 23 July 1952 he became a recipient of the People's Hero of Yugoslavia.

In September 1972 Karabegović criticised the communist leadership in the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Yugoslav model of workers' self-management as staging while the highest ranking individuals controlled public life completely. He also criticised the lack of democracy, saying that none of the members of the Executive Council of the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina would be elected if there was a democratic system.[1] Older members of the communist leadership were critical of transformation towards close-society, while the younger members saw it as the only way to transform Bosnia and Herzegovina. All critics, including Karabegović, were expelled from the League of Communists.[4]

Osman Karabegović was a strong supporter of policies of Slobodan Milošević in 1980s and 1990s.[5] He opposed Alija Izetbegović claiming that there was more "order and lawfulness" in the times of the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia than during the "dictatorship of the enraged Izetbegović's fundamentalist bandits".[6]

On 24 June 1996, Karabegović died in Belgrade and was buried in the walkway of National Heroes in Novo groblje.

Private life

Karabegovic was married to his wife Ljubica until his death in 1996. Their son Enes Karabegović was Ambassador of Yugoslavia to Iraq. According to a popular theory, he shared a mutual dislike with Avdo Humo.

Works
  • Karabegović, Osman (1978). Krajina na putevima revolucije (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Glas.
  • Karabegović, Osman (1988). Bosanska krajina: nepresušni izvor revolucionarnih snaga (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Vojnoizdavački i novinski centar.

References

Notes
  1. Andjelic 2004, p. 45.
  2. (in Serbo-Croatian) Mihić, Ljubo. Kozara: priroda, čovjek, istorija. Dnevnik, 1987, p. 487
  3. (in Serbo-Croatian) Maglajić, Himka. Kazivanja o Kasimu Hadžiću, pg. 62. Glas, 1982.
  4. Andjelic 2004, p. 46.
  5. Toal & Dahlman 2011, p. 355.
  6. e-novine & 25 June 2010.

Books
  • Andjelic, Neven. Bosnia-Herzegovina: The End of a Legacy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781135757137.
  • Toal, Gerard; Dahlman, Carl T. (2011). Bosnia Remade: Ethnic Cleansing and its Reversal. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199742417.

Other sources
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