Pōmare IV

Pōmare IV (28 February 1813 – 17 September 1877), more properly ʻAimata Pōmare IV Vahine-o-Punuateraʻitua (otherwise known as ʻAimata – "eye-eater", after an old custom of the ruler to eat the eye of the defeated foe[2]), was the Queen of Tahiti between 1827 and 1877. She was the fourth monarch of the Kingdom of Tahiti.

Pōmare IV
Queen of Tahiti
Reign	11 January 1827 – 17 September 1877
Predecessor	Pōmare III
Successor	Pōmare V
Regent	Teriʻitariʻa Ariʻipaeavahine Teriʻitoʻoterai Teremoemoe Council of Chiefs
Born	28 February 1813 Pare, Tahiti
Died	17 September 1877 (aged 64) Royal Palace, Papeete, Tahiti
Burial	Pōmare Royal Cemetery, Papaʻoa, ʻArue
Spouse	Tapoa II Ariʻifaʻaite
Issue among others	Ariʻiaue Pōmare V Teriʻimaevarua II Tamatoa V Punuariʻi Teriʻitapunui Teriʻitua Tuavira
Full name ʻAimata Pōmare IV Vahine-o-Punuateraʻitua
House	House of Pōmare
Father	Pōmare II
Mother	Teriʻitoʻoterai Tere-moe-moe
Religion	Reformed
Signature

Queen Pōmare IV, portrait by Charles Giraud, Musée du quai Branly.

Queen Pomare's Palace, Tahiti (LMS, 1869, p.30)[1]

Queen Pōmare IV, portrait by Charles Giraud, Musée de Tahiti et des Îles.

Family

Pōmare was the daughter of Pōmare II and Teriʻitoʻoterai Tere-moe-moe, his second wife. Her grandfather was Pōmare I.

She succeeded as ruler of Tahiti after the death of her brother Pōmare III when she was only 13 years old.

Biography

In 1843, the French declared Tahiti a French protectorate and installed a governor at Papeete. She fought in vain against French intervention, writing to the King Louis Philippe I of France and Queen Victoria, asking in vain for British intervention, and exiling herself to Raiatea in protest.[3] What followed was the bloody French-Tahitian War which lasted from 1843 to 1847, involving every kingdom of the Society Islands. The Tahitians suffered many casualties, but the French losses were also great. Although the British never assisted the Tahitians, they actively condemned France and war nearly broke between the two powers in the Pacific. These conflicts ended in the defeat of the Tahitian forces at the Fort of Fautaua. The French were victorious, but they weren't able to annex the island due to diplomatic pressure from Great Britain, so Tahiti and Moorea continued to be ruled under the French protectorate. A clause to the war settlement was that Queen Pōmare's allies in Huahine, Raiatea, and Bora Bora would be allowed to remain independent.[4][5][6]

Pōmare IV eventually relented and ruled under the French administration from 1847 until 1877.[4] She attempted to install her children in positions of power in Tahiti and the Leeward Islands. Three of her children were to become monarchs in their own right: King Pōmare V of Tahiti (r. 1877–1880), Queen Teriʻimaevarua II of Bora Bora (r. 1860–1873), King Tamatoa V of Raiatea-Tahaa (r. 1857–1871).[7]

Pōmare IV died on 17 September 1877. She is buried in the Royal Mausoleum, Papaʻoa, ʻArue. She was succeeded by Pōmare V, who reigned 1877–1880.

Issue

In December 1822, Pōmare married the future King Tapoa II of Taha'a and Bora Bora; this marriage was childless and ended with the Queen repudiating the marriage on the ground that he was sterile.[8][9] She remarried on 5 December 1832, to her first cousin, Tenaniʻa Ariʻifaʻaite a Hiro (10 January 1820 – 6 August 1873).[10] By her second husband, she had issue:

1. A boy (1833, died young),[11] died of dysentery[12]
2. Henry Pōmare (August 1835, died young).,[11] died of dysentery[12]
3. Ariʻiaue Pōmare (12 August 1838 – 10 May 1856), Crown Prince of Tahiti, Ariʻi of Afaʻahiti.[10]
4. Pōmare V (3 November 1839 – 12 June 1891), succeeded as King of Tahiti.[10]
5. Teriʻimaevarua II (23 May 1841 – 12 February 1873), succeeded as Queen of Bora Bora.[10]
6. Tamatoa V (23 September 1842 – 30 September 1881), succeeded as King of Ra'iātea and Taha'a.[10]
7. Victoria Pōmare-vahine (1844 – June 1845).[13][14][15]
8. Punuariʻi Teriʻitapunui Pōmare (20 March 1846 – 18 September 1888), Ariʻi of Mahina and President of the Tahitian High Court.[10][16]
9. Teriʻitua Tuavira Pōmare (17 December 1847 – 9 April 1875), Ariʻirahi of Hitiaʻa, called the "Prince of Joinville".[10]
10. Tevahitua Pōmare (1850/1852, died young).[17][18]

Ancestry

Ancestors of Pōmare IV

16. Tu-moe-hania 8. Teu Tunuieaite Atua 17. Tetua-huria 4. Pōmare I of Tahiti 18. Tamatoa III of Raiatea 9. Tetupaia-i-Hauiri 19. Mai-he’a 2. Pōmare II of Tahiti 20. Teri’i-Vaetua-i-Ahura’i 10. Teihotu-i-Ahura’i 21. Airoro-ana’a-i-Farepu’a 5. Tetua-nui-reia-i-te-raʻi-atea 22. Punua Teraitua-i-Nu’urua 11. Vave’a Tetua-nui-rei-a-ite Ra’iatea 23. Fetefete-te-ui 1. Pōmare IV 24. Tamatoa III of Raiatea 12. Vetea-raʻi Uʻuru 25. Hapaitaha’a 6. Tamatoa IV of Raiatea 13. Opai-pai Te-roro 3. Teri’to'-o-terai Tere-moe-moe 28. Mau’a 14. Mato Teri’i Tepoara’i 29. Te-atua-nui-marama 7. Tu-ra’i-ariʻi E-he-vahine 30. Teri’i-taria Te-ha’apapa 15. Te-ha’apapa I of Huahine 31. Teri’i-ohua-e-te-anuanua-i-te-tuahu

References

1. London Missionary Society, ed. (1869). Fruits of Toil in the London Missionary Society. London: John Snow & Co. p. 30. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
2. Sand, Elin "Woman Ruler: Woman Rule" pg. 289
3. O'Brien 2006, pp. 108–129.
4. Matsuda 2005, pp. 91–112.
5. Ward & Gooch 1922, pp. 182–185.
6. La guerre franco-tahitienne (1844–1846). Histoire de l'Assemblée de la Polynésie française
7. Stevenson 2014, p. 141.
8. Cuzent 1860, pp. 46-47.
9. Mortimer 1838, pp. 379-382.
10. Henry & Orsmond 1928, p. 249–250.
11. "Their first two children died. Then, they had Ariiaue..." Pritchard 1983, p. 225
12. Bennett 1840, p. 75.
13. London Missionary Society 1845, p. 252.
14. London Missionary Society 1846, pp. 248–251.
15. Mortimer 1869, p. 422.
16. Pritchard 1983, p. 226.
17. Teissier 1978, p. 75.
18. "The Polynesian". The Polynesian. 16 April 1859. Retrieved 30 June 2013.

Bibliography

• Baldwin, J. R. (June 1938). "England and the French Seizure of the Society Islands". The Journal of Modern History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 10 (2): 212–231. doi:10.1086/243524. JSTOR 1898837. OCLC 4642653458.
• Bennett, Frederick Debell (1840). Narrative of a Whaling Voyage Round the Globe from the Year 1833 to 1836: Comprising Sketches of Polynesia, California, the Indian Archipelago, Etc. With an Account of Southern Whales, the Sperm Whale Fishery, and the Natural History of the Climates Visited. London: R. Bentley. OCLC 1382866.
• Cuzent, Gilbert (1860). Îles de la société Tahiti: considérations géologiques, météorologiques et botaniques sur l'île. État moral actuel des Tahitiens, traits caractéristiques de leurs moeurs, végétaux susceptibles de donner des produits utiles au commerce et a l'industrie, et de procurer des frets de retour aux navires, cultures et productions horticoles, catalogue de la flore de Tahiti, dictionnaire Tahitien. Rochefort: Impr. Thèze. OCLC 13494527.
• Dodd, Edward (1983). The Rape of Tahiti. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company. ISBN 978-0-396-08114-2. OCLC 8954158.
• Fayaud, Viviane (January 2006). "A Tahitian Woman in Majesty: French Images of Queen Pomare". History Australia. Melbourne: Monash University Publishing. 3 (1): 12.1–12.6. doi:10.2104/ha060012. OCLC 4644118741.
• Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1843). "Correspondence Relative to the Proceedings of the French at Tahiti, 1825–1843.". Accounts and Papers. London: T. R. Harrison. pp. 265–292.
• Gunson, Niel (July 1987). "Sacred Women Chiefs and Female 'Headmen' in Polynesian History". The Journal of Pacific History. Canberra: Australian National University. 22 (3): 139–172. doi:10.1080/00223348708572563. JSTOR 25168930. OCLC 5543864601.
• Henry, Teuira; Orsmond, John Muggridge (1928). Ancient Tahiti. 48. Honolulu: Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. OCLC 3049679.
• London Missionary Society (1845). The Juvenile Missionary Magazine (and Annual). 2. London: London Missionary Society.
• London Missionary Society (1846). The Juvenile Missionary Magazine (and Annual). 3. London: London Missionary Society.
• Lucett, Edward (1851). Rovings in the Pacific, from 1837 to 1849: with a glance at California. 2. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
• Matsuda, Matt K. (2005). "Society Islands: Tahitian Archives". Empire of Love: Histories of France and the Pacific. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 91–112. ISBN 978-0-19-534747-0. OCLC 191036857.
• Mortimer, Favell Lee (1838). The Night of Toil; or, A Familiar Account of the Labors of the First Missionaries in the South Sea Islands (1 ed.). London: J. Hatchard & Son. OCLC 752899081.
• Mortimer, Favell Lee (1869). The Night of Toil; or, A Familiar Account of the Labors of the First Missionaries in the South Sea Islands (6 ed.). London: J. Hatchard & Son. OCLC 9676610.
• Newbury, Colin (1986). "Commissioner George Brown at Tahiti, 1843". Hawaiian Journal of History. Hawaiian Historical Society. 20: 83–104. hdl:10524/470.
• O'Brien, Patricia (April 2006). "'Think of Me as a Woman': Queen Pomare of Tahiti and Anglo-French Imperial Contest in the 1840s Pacific". Gender & History. Oxford: Blackwell. 18 (1): 108–129. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0424.2006.00417.x. OCLC 663096915.
• Pritchard, George (1983). The Aggressions of the French at Tahiti: And Other Islands in the Pacific. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-647994-1. OCLC 10470657.
• Pritchard, George (1878). Queen Pomare and Her Country. London: Elliot Stock. OCLC 663667911.
• Sissons, Jeffrey (2014). The Polynesian Iconoclasm: Religious Revolution and the Seasonality of Power. New York: Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78238-414-4. JSTOR j.ctt9qcvw9. OCLC 885451227.
• Stevenson, Karen (June 2014). "ʻAimata, Queen Pomare IV: Thwarting Adversity in Early 19th Century Tahiti". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. Wellington: The Polynesian Society. 123 (2): 129–144. doi:10.15286/jps.123.2.129-144. JSTOR 43286236. OCLC 906004458.
• Teissier, Raoul (1978). "Chefs et notables des Établissements Français de l'Océanie au temps du protectorat: 1842–1850". Bulletin de la Société des Études Océaniennes. Papeete: Société des Études Océaniennes (202). OCLC 9510786.
• Ward, Adolphus William; Gooch, George Peabody (1922). The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy. 2. CUP Archive. pp. 182–185.

Further reading

• Caillot, Auguste Charles Eugène (1910). Histoire de la Polynésie Orientale. Paris: E. Leroux. OCLC 1035730173.
• Marau Taaroa (1971). Memoires de Marau Taaroa: Derniere Reine de Tahiti. Traduit par sa fille, la princesse Ariimanihinihi Takau Pomare. Translated by Ariimanihinihi Takau Pomare. Paris: Société des Océanistes. doi:10.4000/books.sdo.227. ISBN 9782854300512. OCLC 233646038.
• O'Reilly, Patrick (1975). La vie à Tahiti au temps de la reine Pomaré. Paris: Société des océanistes: distribution, Hachette. ISBN 978-2-85700-056-3. OCLC 186501571.
• O'Reilly, Patrick (1972). Pomare, Queen of Tahiti. Dossier (Société des Océanistes), 13. Paris: Société des Océanistes. OCLC 229393363.
• Pritchard, William Thomas (1866). Polynesian Reminiscences: Or, Life in the South Pacific Islands. London: Chapman and Hall. OCLC 2610677.
• Ronciere, Bertrand De La (2003). La Reine Pomaré: Tahiti et l'Occident 1812–1877. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-34248-4. OCLC 607069974.
• Salmon, Ernest (1964). Alexandre Salmon, 1820–1866, et sa femme Ariitaimai, 1821–1897: deux figures de Tahiti à l'époque du protectorat. Paris: Société des Océanistes. doi:10.4000/books.sdo.777. ISBN 9782854300420. OCLC 6229240.

Succession