Palmer Mansion

The Palmer Mansion, constructed 1882–1885 at 1350 N. Lake Shore Drive, was once the largest private residence in Chicago, Illinois, located in the Near North Side neighborhood and facing Lake Michigan.[6] It was designed by architects Henry Ives Cobb and Charles Sumner Frost of the firm Cobb and Frost and built for Bertha and Potter Palmer. Palmer was a prominent Chicago businessman who was responsible for much of the development of State Street. The construction of the Palmer Mansion on Lake Shore Drive established the "Gold Coast" neighborhood,[3][6] still one of the most affluent neighborhoods in the city. The mansion was demolished in 1950.

Palmer Mansion
The front façade, c. 1910.
General information
Architectural styleEarly Romanesque, Norman Gothic[1]
Town or cityChicago, Illinois
CountryUnited States
Coordinates41.907324°N 87.626615°W / 41.907324; -87.626615
Construction started1882
Completed1885
Demolished1950[2]
Costat least $1,000,000[3][4]
ClientBertha and Potter Palmer
Technical details
Size10,000 sqft (estimated)
Design and construction
ArchitectHenry Ives Cobb and Charles Sumner Frost[5]
EngineerJohn Newquist

History

Construction

At the time of the construction of the mansion, Potter Palmer was already responsible for much of the development of State Street. After the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the buildings on State Street were destroyed, and Palmer was yet again responsible for its redevelopment.[7] Construction on the mansion began in 1882, and its exterior work was completed in 1883. However, interior decoration would continue for another two years before the building was entirely complete.

Henry Ives Cobb and Charles Frost were chosen as the architects for the mansion. The interiors were completed under the direction of architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee. John Newquist, who had already worked with Palmer on numerous other constructions, was chosen as the contractor and stair constructer.[7] Although it was originally budgeted at $90,000, after five years of construction, the mansion would cost the Palmers more than a million dollars.[4]

Arthur Meeker, Jr. called the mansion a "liver-colored goldfish castle". Photochrom print, 1900.[3]

The Palmer Mansion was used for many social gatherings, including entertaining former U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant, during his visit to the city, and receptions during the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition for which Bertha Palmer was a major planner and booster.[5] The Palmers also received many other guests, including: two other U. S. Presidents, James A. Garfield, though not at the Palmer Mansion if it was constructed in 1882–1883 as he was assassinated in 1881, and William McKinley; the Duke and Duchess of Veragua; the Prince of Wales, later to become King Edward VII; as well as the Spanish princess Infanta Eulalia.[8]

Later ownership and demolition
Bertha Palmer's large collection of paintings included works by Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Pablo Picasso

When Potter Palmer died in the mansion in 1902, he left his wife with a fortune of $8,000,000.[9] After his death, Bertha Palmer continued to reside in the house, as well as in homes she maintained in London and Paris, until she died at her winter residence in Osprey, Florida. She invested heavily in real estate in Florida where she developed farms, dairies, and cattle ranches that she administered herself.

Even with these great investments in land, she parleyed the fortune into almost double what she had been left and, in 1918, bequeathed an estate of $15,000,000 to her sons Honoré and Potter Palmer, Jr., who sold the Chicago mansion in July 1928, for $3,000,000,[10] to the industrialist Vincent Hugo Bendix, who had invented an automobile starter.[9] Potter Palmer, Jr. and his wife vacated the property in April 1930.[10]

Bendix renamed the property "The Bendix Galleries," after adding paintings by Rembrandt and Howard Chandler Christy to Bertha Palmer's former art collection.[9] While residing within the mansion, he modernized the elevator, and installed a barber's chair for his own use.

Vincent Bendix contemplated razing the mansion to construct a fifty-story hotel on the site, at an estimated cost of $25,000,000.[10] However, the project was never put into action, and the property was sold to Potter Palmer's son in 1933 for $2,000,000,[4] the amount of the building's mortgage.[9] The mansion stood vacant for years until it was demolished in 1950, to be replaced by two 22-story high-rise apartment buildings housing 740 families.[3]

The mansion's painting gallery, including works by French painters Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Edgar Degas that were collected by Bertha Palmer, was transferred to the Art Institute of Chicago,[11] and the furniture was sold.[5]

Architecture
The Palmer Mansion's first floor plan.

The Palmer Mansion was designed by architects Henry Ives Cobb and Charles Sumner Frost, with the lavish interiors executed under the supervision of Joseph Lyman Silsbee. The architects referred to its architectural style as Early Romanesque or Norman Gothic.[5] Alternatively, the mansion was supposedly based on a German castle.[12]

The mansion featured a three-story Italianate central hall under a glass dome.[9] Other rooms were finished in a variety of historic styles: a Louis XVI salon, an Indian room, an Ottoman parlor, a Renaissance library, a Spanish music room, an English dining room that could seat fifty, and a Moorish room, the rugs of which were saturated with perfumes.[6][9] A collection of paintings, collected by Bertha Palmer, adorned the mansion's grand ballroom, 75-foot (22.9 m) long. The room's murals in the frieze above them were by Gabriel Ferrier.

The mansion's exterior included many turrets and minarets, and on the interior, a spiral staircase without a center support,[7] rising 80 feet (24.4 m) into the central tower.[6] Two elevators also served the building. The Palmers constructed their mansion's outside doors specifically without locks and knobs so that the only way to get in was to be admitted from the inside.[6]

See also

References
  1. The mansion's architects, Henry Ives Cobb and Charles Frost, referred to the architectural style the building was completed in as either early Romanesque or Norman Gothic. Lowe p. 36
  2. "Illinois - The Castle". Time. 27. May 20, 1950.
  3. Grossman, Ron (August 29, 2005). "Chicago's Seven Lost Wonders". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  4. Benjamin, Susan; Stuart Cohen (2008). Great Houses of Chicago: 1871-1921. New York: Acanthus Press. ISBN 978-0-926494-39-8.
  5. David Garrard Lowe (2000). Lost Chicago. New York: Watson-Gutpill Publications. pp. 36–38. ISBN 0-8020-8390-0.
  6. "People & Events: Bertha Honoré Palmer (1849-1908)". American Experience. Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  7. "Building Projects Of John Newquist". newquist.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-28. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  8. "The Castle". TIME. February 13, 1950. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  9. "History of a Home". TIME. July 17, 1933. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
  10. Chase, Al. "Potter Family Quits Palmer Castle Forever" Chicago Tribune, April 23, 1930. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  11. "Potter Palmer Collection". Art Institute of Chicago. Retrieved 2013-12-28.
  12. "MRS. PALMER COMING HERE.; Chicago Society Leader to Live In New York, It Is Said" (PDF). The New York Times. September 10, 1912. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
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