Parliament of Queensland

The Parliament of Queensland is the legislature of Queensland, Australia. As provided under the Constitution of Queensland, the Parliament consists of the Monarch of Australia and the Legislative Assembly. It is the only unicameral state legislature in the country. The upper chamber, the Legislative Council, was abolished in 1922. The Legislative Assembly sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Brisbane.

This article is about the entire legislative structure of Queensland. For its sole chamber of legislation, see Legislative Assembly of Queensland.
Parliament of Queensland
57th Parliament
Type
Type
HousesLegislative Assembly
History
Founded22 May 1860
Leadership
Elizabeth II
since 6 February 1952
Paul de Jersey
since 29 July 2014
Curtis Pitt, Labor
since 13 February 2018
Annastacia Palaszczuk, Labor
since 14 February 2015
David Crisafulli, Labor
since 12 November 2020
Structure
Seats93
Political groups
Government (52)
  •   Labor (52)

Opposition (34)

Crossbench (7)

Elections
Full preferential voting
Last election
31 October 2020
Next election
26 October 2024
Meeting place
Parliament House,
Brisbane, Queensland,
Australia
Website
www.parliament.qld.gov.au
Constitution
Constitution of Queensland

All laws applicable in Queensland are authorised by the Parliament of Queensland, with the exception of specific legislation defined in the Constitution of Australia, very limited criminal law applying under the Australia Act 1986 as well as a small volume of remaining historical laws passed by the Parliament of New South Wales and the Imperial Parliament.[1]

Following the outcome of the 2015 election, successful amendments to the electoral act in early 2016 include: adding an additional four parliamentary seats from 89 to 93, changing from optional preferential voting to full-preferential voting, and moving from unfixed three-year terms to fixed four-year terms.[2]

History

The Parliament was founded 22 May 1860, less than a year after the Colony of Queensland was created in June 1859.[3] It was convened at military and convict barracks converted for the purpose located on Queen Street, Brisbane.[4] Immigration was an important issue for the early Parliament. Population growth was encouraged with new settlers enticed by land ownership.[5]

In 1915, Queensland became the first state to make voting compulsory at state elections.[6]

Since 1 April 2003, live audio broadcasts have streamed through the internet from the Parliament while it is in session.[7] In June 2007, the Parliament started broadcasting video of parliamentary proceedings. Nine in-house television cameras are used to record sessions.[8]

The first female Speaker, Fiona Simpson was elected on 15 May 2012.[9]

Membership
Main article: Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly

The Assembly has 93 Members of Parliament (MPs). These are intended to represent approximately the same population in each electorate. Voting is by the Full Preferential Voting system (FPV), with elections held approximately once every three years.

In April 2016, legislation was passed to increase the number of seats in the parliament by four to a total of 93. An amendment was also passed to abolish optional preferential voting. A referendum held the previous month was passed, supporting a bill to establish fixed four-year terms.

Royal assent

The role of the monarch in Parliament is to give royal assent to legislation. This function is in practice exercised by the Governor of Queensland, who conventionally will never refuse assent to a bill that has passed the Legislative Assembly. The party or coalition with the most seats in the house is invited by the Governor to form a government.

The leader of that party subsequently becomes Premier of Queensland, leading a Cabinet of Ministers. In the Liberal National Party, the Premier selects members of their party to act as Ministers. In the Labor Party, the Ministers are elected by partyroom ballot, with the Leader then assigning ministerial portfolios to each one.

Operations

Once all winning candidates have been declared, the Governor of Queensland proclaims a date for the start of the new Parliament.[10] It is the role of the Clerk of the Parliament to call members to attendance.

According to the Constitution of Queensland, members of Parliament must swear an oath or affirmation to the Monarch of Australia as well as an oath of office before signing a Roll of Members.[10] The Clerk of the Parliament has the power to swear in members.

Sworn-in representatives are required to elect a Speaker to preside over the House's business.[10] Before this occurs the Clerk may select and point to the next member who may speak. Once elected the Speaker is dragged to the chair and presented to the Governor at Government House. The ceremonial opening of the new Parliament is marked by a speech by the Governor. Traditionally the speech is written by the new government and it may outline current activities, budget details, statistics and proposed lists of legislation which are intended to be introduced.[10]

The Speaker's Chair in the Legislative Assembly

A day in Parliament usually begins with housekeeping matters, including prayers, notifications and the tabling of any documents.[10] An opportunity is then given to Ministers to make statements. During a period of no more than an hour, known as question time, any member may pose a question to a Minister.

Distribution of seats
See also: 2020 Queensland state election and Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 2020–2024

As of 31 October 2020, the composition of Parliament is:

Party Seats
Current Assembly (Total 93 Seats)
Labor52 52
 
Liberal National34 34
 
Katter's Australian3 3
 
Greens2 2
 
One Nation1 1
 
Independent1 1
 
  • 47 votes as a majority are required to pass legislation.

See also

Notes

    References
    1. "The power of the Parliament of Queensland". Legislation Handbook. Department of the Premier and Cabinet. 23 April 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
    2. Green, Antony (21 April 2016). "Electoral Law Ructions in the Queensland Parliament". Archived from the original on 8 December 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
    3. "Almost 150 years strong" (lift out section). The Courier-Mail. 28 August 2007. pp. 40 to 41.
    4. "About Us". Queensland Parliament. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
    5. "Creation of a state". Government of Queensland. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
    6. Tony Moore (3 January 2013). "Compulsory confusion at the ballot box". Brisbane Times. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
    7. "Qld parliament goes live on the internet". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 April 2003. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
    8. "Parliament accused of censorship over camera ban". Brisbane Times. Fairfax Media. 30 May 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
    9. Daniel Hurst (15 May 2012). "Simpson elected state's first female Speaker as Parliament resumes". Brisbane Times. Fairfax MEdia. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
    10. Wanna, John; Tracey Arklay (2010). The Ayes Have It: The History of the Queensland Parliament 1957–1989. ANU E Press. pp. 12–15. ISBN 1921666315.
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