Pearl Bailey

Pearl Mae Bailey (March 29, 1918 – August 17, 1990) was an American actress and singer.[1] After appearing in vaudeville she made her Broadway debut in St. Louis Woman in 1946.[2] She won a Tony Award for the title role in the all-Black production of Hello, Dolly! in 1968. In 1986, she won a Daytime Emmy award for her performance as a fairy godmother in the ABC Afterschool Special, Cindy Eller: A Modern Fairy Tale.

Pearl Bailey
Bailey in c. 1960
Born
Pearl Mae Bailey

(1918-03-29)March 29, 1918
Newport News, Virginia, U.S.
DiedAugust 17, 1990(1990-08-17) (aged 72)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
OccupationActress, singer
Years active1936–1989
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)
John Randolph Pinkett
​
​
(m. 1948⁠–⁠1952)​

​
(m. 1952)​
Children2

Her rendition of "Takes Two to Tango" hit the top ten in 1952. She received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1976 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom on October 17, 1988.

Early life

Bailey was born in Newport News, Virginia, United States,[1] to the Reverend Joseph James and Ella Mae Ricks Bailey.[3] She was raised in the Bloodfields neighborhood of Newport News, Virginia. She graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in nearby Norfolk, Virginia, the first city in the region to offer higher education for black students. Blues singer Ruth Brown from Portsmouth, Virginia was one of her classmates.

She made her stage-singing debut when she was 15 years old. Her brother Bill Bailey was beginning his own career as a tap dancer, and suggested she enter an amateur contest at the Pearl Theatre in Philadelphia. Bailey won and was offered $35 a week to perform there for two weeks. However, the theatre closed during her engagement and she was not paid.[3] She later won a similar competition at Harlem's famous Apollo Theater and decided to pursue a career in entertainment.

Career
Pearl Bailey, c. 1960

Bailey began by singing and dancing in Philadelphia's black nightclubs in the 1930s, and soon started performing in other parts of the East Coast. In 1941, during World War II, Bailey toured the country with the USO, performing for American troops. After the tour, she settled in New York. Her solo successes as a nightclub performer were followed by acts with such entertainers as Cab Calloway and Duke Ellington. In 1946, Bailey made her Broadway debut in St. Louis Woman. For her performance, she won a Donaldson Award as the best Broadway newcomer. Bailey continued to tour and record albums in between her stage and screen performances. Early in the television medium, Bailey guest starred on CBS's Faye Emerson's Wonderful Town.

Bailey, costumed in the role of Butterfly, gauges the applause following her performance of the song "It's A Woman's Prerogative", July 5, 1946. Sustained applause required her to take another bow.

Her support of female impersonator Lynne Carter led him to credit Bailey with launching his career.[4]

In 1967, Bailey and Cab Calloway headlined an all-black cast version of Hello, Dolly! The touring version was so successful, producer David Merrick took it to Broadway where it played to sold-out houses and revitalized the long running musical. Bailey was given a special Tony Award for her role and RCA Victor made a second original cast album. That is the only recording of the score to have an overture which was written especially for that recording.

Bailey on The Ed Sullivan Show performing "Before the Parade Passes By" during her run in Hello, Dolly! on Broadway (1968)

A passionate fan of the New York Mets, Bailey sang the national anthem at Shea Stadium prior to game 5 of the 1969 World Series, and appears in the Series highlight film showing her support for the team. She also sang the national anthem prior to Game 1 of the 1981 World Series between the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers at Yankee Stadium.

Bailey hosted her own variety series on ABC, The Pearl Bailey Show (January – May 1971) which featured many notable guests, including Lucille Ball, Bing Crosby and Louis Armstrong (one of his last appearances before his death).[5]

Following her 1971 television series, she provided voices for animations such as Tubby the Tuba (1976) and Disney's The Fox and the Hound (1981). She returned to Broadway in 1975, playing the lead in an all-black production of Hello, Dolly!. In October 1975, she was invited by Betty Ford to sing for the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat in a White House state dinner, as part of Middle-Eastern peace initiative.[6]

She earned a degree in theology from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., in 1985 at age 67. At Georgetown she was a student of the philosopher Wilfrid Desan.

Later in her career, Bailey was a fixture as a spokesperson in a series of Duncan Hines commercials, singing "Bill Bailey (Won't You Come Home)". She also appeared in commercials for Jell-O,[7] and Westinghouse.[8] She also did some free-spirited commercials for Paramount Chicken.

In her later years Bailey wrote several books: The Raw Pearl (1968), Talking to Myself (1971), Pearl's Kitchen (1973), and Hurry Up America and Spit (1976). In 1975 she was appointed special ambassador to the United Nations by President Gerald Ford. Her last book, Between You and Me (1989), details her experiences with higher education. On January 19, 1985, she appeared on the nationally televised broadcast of the 50th Presidential Inaugural Gala, the night before the second inauguration of Ronald Reagan. In 1988 Bailey received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Reagan.

Personal life

On November 19, 1952, Bailey married the jazz drummer Louie Bellson in London.

They later adopted a son, Tony, in the mid-1950s. A daughter, Dee Dee J. Bellson, was born April 20, 1960. Tony Bellson died in 2004. Dee Dee Bellson died on July 4, 2009, at the age of 49, five months after her father, who died on Valentine's Day 2009.

Bailey, a Republican, was appointed by President Richard Nixon as America's "Ambassador of Love" in 1970. She attended several meetings of the United Nations and later appeared in a campaign ad for President Gerald Ford in the 1976 election.[9]

She was awarded the Bronze Medallion in 1968, the highest award conferred upon civilians by New York City.

Bailey was a very good friend of actress Joan Crawford.[10] In 1969, Crawford and Bailey joined fellow friend Gypsy Rose Lee in accepting a USO Award. In the same year, Bailey was recognized as USO "Woman of the Year".[11][12] Upon the passing of Crawford in May 1977, Bailey spoke of Crawford as her sister before singing a hymn at her funeral.[10][13] U.S. Ambassador and American socialite Perle Mesta was another close friend of Bailey.[14] In the waning days of Mesta's life, Bailey visited her frequently and sang hymns for her.[15][16]

Death

Pearl Bailey died at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia on August 17, 1990. Following an autopsy, Dr. Emanuel Rubin, professor and chairman of the Department of Pathology at Jefferson Medical College, announced the cause of death as arteriosclerosis, with significant narrowing of the coronary artery. Bailey is buried at Rolling Green Memorial Park in West Chester, Pennsylvania.

Remembrances

The television show American Dad! features Pearl Bailey High School.[17]

The 1969 song "We Got More Soul" by Dyke and the Blazers includes Bailey in its roster of icons.[18]

A dress owned by Bailey is at the National Museum of African American History and Culture.[19]

Performances

Discography
Year Single Chart positions
"US Retail Sales" "US Disc Jockey" "US Juke Box" US
R&B
1946 "Fifteen Years (And I'm Still Serving Time)" (with Mitchell Ayres) – – – 4
With Carol Channing on a TV special One More Time (1974)
  • Pearl Bailey Entertains (1950) and 1953
  • Birth of the Blues (1952)
  • Cultured Pearl (1952)
  • I'm with You (1953)
  • Say Si Si (1953)
  • Around the World with Me (1954)
  • Carmelina (1955)
  • The Intoxicating Pearl Bailey (1956)
  • The One and Only Pearl Bailey Sings (1956)
  • Gems by Pearl Bailey (1958)
  • Porgy & Bess, original motion picture soundtrack (1959) (Grammy Award winner)
  • Pearl Bailey A-Broad (1959)
  • Pearl Bailey Sings for Adults Only (1959)
  • Pearl Bailey Plus Margie Anderson Singing the Blues (1960?)
  • More Songs for Adults Only (1960)
  • For Adult Listening (1960)
  • Naughty but Nice (1960)
  • Songs of the Bad Old Days (1960)
  • Pearl Bailey Sings the Songs of Harold Arlen (1961)
  • Come On, Let's Play with Pearlie Mae (1962)
  • Happy Sounds (1962)
  • All About Good Little Girls and Bad Little Boys (1963)
  • C'est La Vie (1963)
  • Les Poupées de Paris (1964)
  • Songs By James Van Heusen (1964)
  • The Risque World of Pearl Bailey (1964)
  • For Women Only (1965)
  • The Jazz Singer (1965)
  • Hello, Dolly! (1967 Broadway cast)
  • After Hours (1969)
  • Pearl's Pearls (1971)

Bibliography
  • The Raw Pearl (1968) (autobiography)
  • Talking to Myself (1971) (autobiography)
  • Pearl's Kitchen: An Extraordinary Cookbook (1973)
  • Duey's Tale (1975) (Photos and Design by Arnold Skolnick)
  • Hurry Up America and Spit (1976)
  • Between You and Me: A Heartfelt Memoir on Learning, Loving, and Living (1989)

See also

References
  1. Colin Larkin, ed. (2002). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Fifties Music (Third ed.). Virgin Books. pp. 26/7. ISBN 1-85227-937-0.
  2. "Who's Who in Musicals: A to Ba". Musicals101.com. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  3. Pennsylvania Biographical Dictionary. North American Book Dist LLC. January 1, 1999. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-403-09950-4. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
  4. "Lynne Carter, Impersonator," New York Times (January 14, 1985), p. A16.
  5. Hyatt, Wesley (2003). Short-Lived Television Series, 1948-1978: Thirty Years of More Than 1,000 Flops. McFarland & Co. p. 199. ISBN 9781476605159. OCLC 606977128.
  6. "Playing the White House: Entertaining with the US president". BBC News. September 30, 2011.
  7. Pearl Bailey "Jell-O TV commercial
  8. Pearl Bailey Westinghouse TV commercial
  9. "The Living Room Candidate - Commercials - 1976 - Pearl Bailey". Livingroomcandidate.org. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  10. "The Evening News – Google News Archive Search". News.google.com. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
  11. "USO Award". Spoke Daily Chronicle. October 25, 1969. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
  12. "The Afro American - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
  13. Bret, David (April 1, 2009). Joan Crawford: Hollywood Martyr. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0786732364.
  14. "The Spokesman-Review – Google News Archive Search". News.google.com. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
  15. "Lodi News-Sentinel – Google News Archive Search". News.google.com. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
  16. "Observer-Reporter – Google News Archive Search". News.google.com. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
  17. Terrace, Vincent (2011). Encyclopedia of Television Shows, 1925 Through 2010 – Vincent Terrace – Google Books. ISBN 9780786486410. Retrieved May 1, 2013.
  18. "Dyke & The Blazers - We Got More Soul Lyrics". Musixmatch.com. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
  19. Givhan, Robin (May 23, 2010). "Black Fashion Museum Collection Finds a Fine Home With Smithsonian". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
  20. "THE ANDY WILLIAMS SHOW (1962/9)". Loc.gov.
  21. One More Time Press Release at Wikimedia Commons
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