Pelvic kidney

A pelvic kidney, also known as an ectopic kidney, is a normal kidney located in the pelvis, instead of the abdomen. This occurs when a kidney does not ascend from its original location in the pelvis to its final location during prenatal development. They usually present no symptoms, but can increase risk of certain illnesses and healthcare problems.

Pelvic kidney
SpecialtyNephrology

Signs and symptoms

Often, a person with a pelvic kidney will go through their whole life not even knowing they have a pelvic kidney.

Complications

Typically, the kidney functions normally despite being in the wrong location.[1] However, it can develop complications.[2] A pelvic kidney can make it more difficult to diagnose kidney infections and kidney cancer.[3] The renal artery and the renal vein may be stretched if they remain attached to the normal locations on the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava, which can lead to illness.[3]

Causes

In the development of the human embryo, the metanephric kidneys fail to ascend and usually remain at the brim of the pelvis. This clinical scenario may present no signs or symptoms and the kidneys may function normally. It is associated at times with Mullerian dysgenesis.

Diagnosis

A pelvic kidney is discovered on newborn kidney ultrasound screening. It may also be detected if complications arise later in life for this or a completely different reason, and during investigations.

Epidemiology

Between 1 in 2,200 and 1 in 3,000 people may have a pelvic kidney.[1]

History

A pelvic kidney is also known as an ectopic kidney.[3]

References
  1. Cinman, Nadya M.; Okeke, Zeph; Smith, Arthur D. (August 2007). "Pelvic kidney: associated diseases and treatment". Journal of Endourology. 21 (8): 836–842. doi:10.1089/end.2007.9945. ISSN 0892-7790. PMID 17867938.
  2. "Institute for Fetal Health - Fetal pelvic kidney - Children's Memorial Hospital". Archived from the original on December 1, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2007.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. Reid, Robin; Roberts, Fiona; MacDuff, Elaine, eds. (2011-01-01), "Chapter 12 - Genitourinary System", Pathology Illustrated (Seventh Edition), Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 445–491, ISBN 978-0-7020-3376-6, retrieved 2021-01-30
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