Pen y Fan

Pen y Fan (/pɛn ə ˈvæn/) is the highest peak in south Wales, situated in the Brecon Beacons National Park. At 886 metres (2,907 ft) above sea-level, it is also the highest British peak south of Cadair Idris in Snowdonia. It is the highest point (county top) of the historic county of Brecknockshire (though in modern administrative terms, it now lies within the unitary council area of Powys). The twin summits of Pen y Fan and Corn Du at 873 m (2,864 ft) were formerly referred to as Cadair Arthur or 'Arthur's Seat'.[1]

Pen y Fan
Pen y Fan from Cribyn
Highest point
Elevation886 m (2,907 ft)
Prominence672 m (2,205 ft)
Parent peak
ListingMarilyn, Hewitt, Council top, Nuttall
Coordinates51.88328°N 3.43684°W / 51.88328; -3.43684 
Naming
English translationthe top peak
Language of name Welsh
PronunciationWelsh: [ˌpɛnəˈvan]
Geography
Pen y Fan
Pen y Fan in the Brecon Beacons National Park (green area)
LocationPowys, UK
Parent rangeBrecon Beacons
OS gridSO012215
Topo mapOS Landranger 160, Explorer OL12

The mountain and surrounding area are owned by the National Trust whose work parties attempt to combat the erosion caused by the popularity of this peak with walkers. The mountain is used by the military as part of the selection process of the UK's Special Forces personnel. Three soldiers who died after collapsing in the field in July 2013 were believed to have been climbing the mountain (see "Fan Dance") while undergoing Special Air Service selection.[2]

Access

The peak is a major objective in the Beacons Way, a long distance footpath which passes from east to west across the massif, and is open to all walkers. There is well made, evenly graded footpath from the Storey Arms on the A470, which is 1500 feet below. This and other paths on the mountain are the subject of ongoing repair and maintenance by the National Trust to limit the erosion caused by the passage of hundreds of thousands of walkers each year.[3] There is also a major path from the Cribyn, a close-by peak to the east.

Storey Arms

The Storey Arms is an outdoor education centre beside the A470, the main trunk road between the north and south of Wales, in the Brecon Beacons National Park near Libanus, Powys, Wales.[4][5][6] Run by Cardiff City Council since 1971, the residential centre can accommodate up to 58 people.[7][8] Its activities include kayaking and canoeing, caving, hill walking, rock climbing and white water rafting.[9] The centre is at 440 metres (1,444 ft) above sea-level, along the pass between Pen y Fan and Fan Fawr, at the foot of Corn Du.[6][10] It takes its name from a large coaching inn with a pitched slate roof (named after a local landowner, Storey Maskelyne), which was demolished in 1924.[11][12] The site of the original inn is east of the centre, on the northeastern edge of the Pont ar Daf car park.[13]

Buses stop on either side of the A470 outside the centre.[10]

The car park at Pont ar Daf, 200 metres (656 ft) from the Storey Arms centre, is the most popular access point for tourists and walkers to Pen y Fan.[10][14] The car park, which has space for around 50 cars, is owned by the Welsh Government.[10] Toilet facilities are available at the site.[5]

A footpath connects the Storey Arms centre, bus stops and the Pont ar Daf car park to the path leading to Corn Du and Pen y Fan.[5][14]

Summit
A National Trust plaque marking the summit

The summit lies on a ridge stretching from Talybont Reservoir in the east, to the A470. About 0.5 km (0.31 mi) to the south-west lies the subsidiary top of Corn Du, beyond which the terrain drops at a moderate angle to the subsidiary top of Y Gyrn then more steeply to the Storey Arms on the A470. To the east, the ridge drops steeply to the col connecting it to Cribyn, the next mountain along the ridge. From Corn Du, a ridge with an east-facing escarpment descends south towards Merthyr Tydfil.

Archaeology

The summit is marked by a well preserved and structured Bronze Age cairn with a central stone cist, similar to that on the nearby summit of Corn Du. The grave is fitted with a series of concentric stone kerbs to protect the central mound from slippage. The cist is a box formed by vertical stone slabs near the centre of the barrow, and it is currently occupied by the National Trust sign, but will have originally held the ashes or other remnants of a dead person or persons since multiple burials together are common in the British Bronze Age. It also held grave goods left with the human remains, such as flint tools, cinerary urns, or flower tributes. The similar round barrow on Fan Foel was excavated in 2002-4 and revealed such items in the central cist, the flowers being those of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria).

Listed summits of Pen y Fan
NameGrid refHeightStatus
Corn DuSJ066318873 metres (2,864 ft)sub Hewitt, Nuttall
CribynSJ066318795 metres (2,608 ft)Hewitt, Nuttall
Y GyrnSJ066318619 metres (2,031 ft)sub Hewitt, Nuttall

Name

The name Pen y Fan consists of the Welsh words pen ('top, head, peak, summit', etc.), y ('the') and fan, a mutated form of ban ('summit, crest, peak, beacon, hill, mountain', etc.). The same noun ban, in its plural form bannau, is found in the Welsh name for the Brecon Beacons: Bannau Brycheiniog. There is no one standard translation of Pen y Fan, but 'the mountain's peak' or 'the beacon's summit' are both possible translations.[15]

Geology

Pen y Fan is formed from various units of the Old Red Sandstone which were laid down during the Devonian period. The lower slopes of the mountain are formed from the sandstones and mudstones of the Senni Formation whilst the upper slopes are formed from those of the Brownstones Formation. The very summit, like that of neighbouring Corn Du, is composed of hard-wearing sandstones of the Plateau Beds Formation. The beds of sandstone dip gently southwards towards the South Wales Coalfield basin.
The Brecon Beacons nurtured their own glaciers during the last ice age and both Cwm Llwch and Cwm Sere were excavated by glaciers which grew in the lee of the high ground. Llyn Cwm Llwch occupies a glacially excavated rock hollow and the lake is partly dammed by a late-glacial moraine.[16] The mountain is the highest point within the Fforest Fawr Geopark which was established in 2005 to promote economic development, particularly sustainable tourism, based on the area's geological heritage.

Tommy Jones' Obelisk
Tommy Jones Obelisk
The summit

Near the route from the Storey Arms (once a coaching inn on the Brecon to Merthyr road[17]) to the summit is a memorial granite obelisk, with an inscription which reads: "This obelisk marks the spot where the body of Tommy Jones aged 5 was found. He lost his way between Cwm Llwch Farm and the Login on the night of August 4, 1900. After an anxious search of 29 days his remains were discovered Sept [2nd]. Erected by voluntary subscriptions. W Powell Price Mayor of Brecon 1901."

Tommy was the son of a Rhondda coal miner, and had been visiting his grandparents at the time. He died from exhaustion and hypothermia or exposure. How a small boy managed to climb so high remains a mystery.

The obelisk, a useful landmark in misty conditions, was paid for by the proceeds of a memorial fund started when the jurors at the boy’s inquest waived their fees.[18]

The search was used as the theme of the 1980 film Tommy Jones.[19]

Panorama

From the summit on a clear day the Bristol Channel (including the islands of Flat Holm and Steep Holm), Carmarthen Bay, Swansea Bay, the Gower Peninsula, the Black Mountains, the Cambrian Mountains, Exmoor, the town of Brecon and much of Mid Wales and the South Wales Valleys, and in a north-easterly direction the Clee Hills in South Shropshire can be seen.

References
  1. Nuttall, John & Anne (1999). The Mountains of England & Wales - Volume 1: Wales (2nd edition ed.). Milnthorpe, Cumbria: Cicerone. ISBN 1-85284-304-7.
  2. "Cpl James Dunsby suffered organ failure after SAS Brecon Beacons training". August 8, 2013 – via www.bbc.com.
  3. "Footpath work on the Brecon Beacons". National Trust. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  4. "Upper Tarell Valley walk". National Trust. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  5. "Car Park at Pont ar Daf, Brecon Beacons" (PDF). Design & Access Statement. National Trust. December 2016. p. 11. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  6. "Get in touch". Storey Arms website. City of Cardiff Council. 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  7. "About us". Storey Arms website. City of Cardiff Council. 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  8. "Accommodation". Storey Arms website. City of Cardiff Council. 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  9. "Activities". Storey Arms website. City of Cardiff Council. 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  10. "Car Park at Pont ar Daf, Brecon Beacons" (PDF). Design & Access Statement. National Trust. December 2016. p. 14. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  11. "Storey Arms Inn, Libanus". Coflein. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. 7 March 2005. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  12. "Storey Arms to the Visitor Centre". Brecon Beacons National Park. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  13. "Car Park at Pont ar Daf, Brecon Beacons" (PDF). Design & Access Statement. National Trust. December 2016. p. 18. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  14. Katie Sands (3 January 2017). "Car parking charges could be introduced for tourists visiting Pen y Fan". WalesOnline. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  15. On the elements pen and ban, see the standard historical dictionary of the Welsh language, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru.
  16. British Geological Survey 1:50,000 map sheet 213 'Brecon' & accompanying sheet explanation
  17. "Storey Arms - Brecon Beacons Activity Centre". Storey Arms.
  18. "Stories and legends". Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales.
  19. "Tommy Jones (1980)". BFI.

See also
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