Pestrechinsky District

Pestrechinsky District (Russian: Пестречи́нский райо́н; Tatar: Cyrillic Питрәч районы, Latin Piträç rayonı) is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. Developed socio-economic municipal district with a total area of 1361 m², located in the north-western region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The administrative center is Pestretsy, a rural locality (tat. Питрәч).[4] In 2019, the district had population of is 45,054 people. The Pestrechinsky District is one of the most important agricultural regions of Tatarstan. The main economic industries in the district are meat and dairy cattle breeding, poultry farming, horse breeding, and animal husbandry.[5][6]

Pestrechinsky District

Пестречинский район
District
Other transcription(s)
 • TatarПитрәч районы
The Myosha River in Pestrechinsky District
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of Pestrechinsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan
Coordinates: 55°46′N 49°44′E
CountryRussia
Federal subjectRepublic of Tatarstan
EstablishedAugust 10, 1930
Administrative centerPestretsy
Area
 • Total1,361 km2 (525 sq mi)
Population
 • Total29,023
 • Estimate 
(2018)[2]
36,662 (+26.3%)
 • Density21/km2 (55/sq mi)
 • Urban
0%
 • Rural
100%
Administrative structure
 • Inhabited localities73 Rural localities
Municipal structure
 • Municipally incorporated asPestrechinsky Municipal District
 • Municipal divisions0 Urban settlements, 21 Rural settlements
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK [3])
OKTMO ID92648000
Websitehttp://pestreci.tatarstan.ru
Population of Pestrechinsky District
2010 Census29,023
2002 Census28,454
1989 Census28,469
1979 Census30,687

The State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve "Lenino-Kokushkino" operates on the territory of the district, where the estate of Vladimir Ulyanov's grandfather - Alexander Blank is located.[7] Also near the village of Pestretsy there is a historical monument - the Pestrechinskaya stoyanka of the Bronze Age (XVIII-IX BC).[7]

Geography

The districta rea is located in Predkamye. And encompassesT he a total area ofis 1361 m². ToIn the north, the Pestrechinsky district borders on the Vysokogorsky and Arsky districts, in the east - with the Tyulyachinsky to the east, and the Rybno-Slobodsky and Laishevsky districts to the south. The western part of the region adjoins Kazan.[6][8]

Red field with a green tip, on top of everything, there is a golden jug full of the same grain, a golden rooster standing on it, supported by two silver minks sitting and turned around with tails at their paws.[6].

The coat of arms of the Pestrechinsky district was approved in 2007 and entered into the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation under No. 3190. In the center of the coat of arms, there is a jug representing the development of crafts in the region, whose inhabitants were actively engaged in jewelry, leather, wood, and metalworking industries. The jug filled with grain symbolizes the agricultural traditions and modern agricultural production that form the basis of the region's economy. The two minks represent another developed sector of the economy - fur production. The red color on the coat of arms represents the qualities of hard work, strength, courage, beauty. Golden identifies harvest, wealth, solar energy, and warmth. Green is a symbol of nature, health, youth, growth in life.[6]

The regional flag was developed on the basis of the coat of arms and was also approved in May 2007. It is red cloth with a green stripe 2/9 of the flag's width at the bottom edge. In the center, there are also two burrows holding a yellow jug with grain and a rooster standing on it.[6]

History

Etymology

The area is named after the administrative center - the village of Pestretsy. There are two versions of the origin of the name. According to the first, Pestretsy is formed from the "motley people" (pestryy narod), or various workers who settled in the region in the 15th-16th centuries - woodcarvers, fellers, potters, carpenters, tailors. Another version suggests that the name comes from the mushrooms "speck" (pestrets) from the moss family often found in the region.[9]

Becoming

People first began to settle on the territory of the modern Pestrechinsky district at the end of the ice age. They were primarily engaged in fishing and hunting and remnants of their places of living were subsequently discovered near the village of Pestretsy.[9] The village itself was formed more than 400 years ago, after the Siege of Kazan by the troops of Ivan the Terrible. During his reign, the Trinity-Sergius Monastery was erected on Sviyazhskaya Mountain on the banks of the Volga, the builders of which Ivan IV granted land to east of Kazan. The first settlement in those parts was named the Trinity Wasteland (Troitskaya Pustosh'). Subsequently, the area began to be actively populated by various artisans. In the 16th century, the making of pottery became especially developed in the region, which then grew into the production of artistic ceramics with Tatar national ornaments.[6][9]

In 1787 the population of Pestretsy was 865 men and 913 women, in total there were 310 households. According to 1901 data, there were 356 courtyards, 2259 souls, 66 private pottery establishments, several small brick factories, two industrial-type pottery establishments in Pestretsy, and a line for the production of ceramic chimneys, ceramic tiles, and tile tiles.[9]

The Pestrechinsky district was formed on August 10, 1930.[9] Until 1920, the territory of the present district was located in the Laishevsky and Kazan districts. From 1920 to 1927 the district was part of the Laishevsky and Arsk cantons of the TASSR, and from 1927 to 1930 it was contained completely within the Arsk canton.[4]

Modernity

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Tatarstan made an attempt to secede from Russia and gain independence. In 1992, a referendum was held, as a result of which Tatarstan proclaimed state sovereignty. However, the region subsequently decided to remain part of Russia as a sovereign republic. At the same time, Tatarstan began to pursue an independent socio-economic policy and the regions within the republic received greater independence.[10]

From 1998 to 2013, the Pestrechinsky district was headed by Shaikhulla Nasybullin, followed as head of the region by Eduard Diyarov who began to actively develop the agricultural industry in the region.[11] Since 2018, the district has been headed by Ilham Kashapov.[12][13]

Population

As of 2019, there were 45,054 residents in the region. The region is ethnically heterogeneous and 57% of it is inhabited by Tatars, 38% by Russians, baptized Tatars and small groups of Chuvashes, Armenians, Georgians, Mari and Ukrainians are represented separately 2%.[8]

From 2001 to 2011, the region experienced population decline. In 2012, the birth rate in the district slightly increased to 343 births compared to 332 registered deaths. Also, in the last decade, mortality rates have been falling.[14][11]

Municipal-territorial structure

There are 74 settlements in the Pestrechinsky district, comprising 21 rural settlements. The administrative centers of rural settlements are the large villages: Belkino, Bogorodskoe, Ekaterinovka, Kibyachi, Kobyakovo, Kovali, Kon, Koschakovo, Kryash-Serda, Kulayevo, Lenino-Kokushkino, Nadezhdino, Otar-Dubrovka, Panovka, Pestretsy, Pimeri, Tatarskoe Khodyashevo, Chita, Shali, Staroe Shigaleevo and Yantsevary.

Economy

Industry

Agricultural engineering interests in the region, are primarily represented by the "Press" company. Other large enterprises operating in the district are the regional operational gas service and the organizations "Partner" and "Stroitel".[6]

Agriculture

The region is a key point in the development of the agro-industrial complex of Tatarstan[11] and is characterized by its lack of urbanization. As of 2013, the rural share of the population was 100%.[8] At the same time, the region leads in terms of unemployment in Tatarstan, which in 2020 was reported at 4.11%, more than twice the average for the republic.[15][16]

The primary crops cultivated inn the district, fodder, grain, leguminous crops, winter rye, barley, oats, and potatoes. In total, there are 26 agricultural entities in the district, including an agricultural cooperative, subsidiary farms, private limited companies, joint-stock companies, and peasant farms. Animal husbandry is another main area of activity with meat and dairy cattle breeding, poultry farming, horse breeding, and fur farming operations present in the region. In 2017, the gross agricultural output in the region amounted to 3.9 billion rubles, most of which related to the livestock industry.[6]

In the Pestrechinsky district, there are active programs to support farms and private households, which are provided with subsidies, including for the construction of mini-farms, the purchase of milking machines, the purchase of young poultry, and others.[17] A major investor in the region's agriculture is the “Ak Bars Holding”.[18] Other budget-generating enterprises include the Koschakovsky fur farm, the Pestrechinsky poultry farm "Ak Bars" (brand "Pestrechinka"), the company "Gazovik" (consists of 3 branches: "Bogorodsky", "Tatarsky" and "Shigaleevsky"), the agricultural enterprise "Koschakovsky", a fish farm "Ushnya", horse farm "Kazansky", agricultural complex "Karpovka", "Pestretsy-agro", "Ratsin-Shali", "Pestrechinskaya food corporation".[6][12]

Investment potential

The Pestrechinsky District has actively expanded cooperation with investors. In 2017, the volume of investment per capita amounted to 230,900rubles.[11] In 2018, several large investment projects were launched in the district, including the reconstruction of a facility for the production of flexible packaging by the Danaflex company, with investment in the project amounting to 140 million rubles; construction of wholesale warehouses for alcoholic beverages (attracting about 200 million); the opening of a milk processing plant (30 million); and production of polyethylene pipes (20 million).[12] In total, in 2018, of investment in the district amounted to more than 8 billion rubles, of which 906 million were invested in the development of agriculture.[17]

In 2019, an online CRM system was launched in the district to work with investors to ensure effective relationships, reduce the time for the provision of services from the administration and potentially increase the number of investment projects in the district.[19][20]

The district has an industrial site "GreenwichPark Pestretsy" (for 2020 there are two residents - "Spectrum" and "Technopark") and a technopark of the company "Danaflex".[11][21]

Housing stock

In 2019, the head of the Pestrechinsky district, Ilham Kashapov, presented a sustainable model of rural development at the Interparliamentary Assembly of CIS Participants. From 2015 to 2019, within the framework of this model, 575 thousand square meters of housing were commissioned in the district, which attracted another 11.3 thousand people to the district, after which the population amounted to 43.7 thousand.[22] In terms of the volume of housing under construction, the Pestrechinsky district is in third place in the region after Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny.[23] In 2020, the Pestrechinsky district took first place in terms of the total area of residential buildings put into operation per capita.[15] For example, only due to the residential complex "Tsarevo" the population of the Pestrechinsky district increased by 16 thousand.[24]

Transport

Several large highways pass through the Pestrechinsky district: M-7 (Volga) "Moscow - Kazan - Ufa", Shali - Sorochi Gory, Kazan - Lenino-Kokushkino - Tyulyachi - Shemordan, Staroye Shigaleevo - Pestretsy - Kulaevo (M-7). The Ministry of Transport plans to lay a part of the highway of the transport corridor "Western Europe - Western China" (section Yoshkar-Ola - Shali) [12][6][11] through the territory of the region. Since the M-7 highway crosses the Mamadyshsky tract, this causes traffic jams. To solve this problem, construction of the Voznesensky tract should begin in 2021, which will relieve the Mamadyshsky tract.[23]

Ecology

The most significant water source in the region is the Myosha River. In total, 146 springs have been identified in the region, of which 7 are of historical importance.[7]

The Lenino-Kokushkinsky state natural-historical zakaznik (natural park) resides on the territory of the district, containing artificially created forests, which are composed of species of pine and larch in the water protection zone of the Ushnya River.[7]

Social sphere

There are 29 secondary schools, 13 preschool institutions, 1 boarding school, and the Lenino-Kokushkin vocational lyceum in the region. In the field of health care infrastructure, there is a clinic, a hospital, and an intensive care unit as well as 4 medical outpatient clinics. There are 36 medical institutions in the region. These include the Pestrechinskaya central regional hospital, Koschakovskaya, Lenino-Kokushkinskaya, Panovskaya, and Shalinskaya medical outpatient clinics, as well as 31 medical and obstetric points.[6]

Pestrechinsky district is included in the small ring of the tourist route "Pearl Necklace of Tatarstan". On the territory of the district, there is the State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve of Republican significance "Lenino-Kokushkino" with the estate of Vladimir Ulyanov's grandfather - Alexander Blank.[7] In the village of Arkatovo, there is the Smolensk Church of 1746, where the miraculous icon is kept. There are three holy springs near the church, attracting pilgrims from all over the region.[7]

Kryashens (baptized Tatars) live in the Pestrechinsky district, there is one Kryashen church - the temple of St. Nicholas in the village of Kryash-Serda.[25] The culture of the Kryashens of Zakazania and the Pestrechinsky region is considered the standard of the Kryashen folk tradition. The ancestors of the Kryashens of the Pestrechinsky district were old-baptized Tatars and retained pagan beliefs even in the 19th century. At the same time, from the 16th to the beginning of the 20th centuries, the Kryaschens adopted many Christian beliefs, which began to be combined with their old traditions.[26][25] In the post-Soviet period, the religious, cultural, and everyday distinctiveness of the Kryashens from the Muslim Tatars became the reason for a number of Krashen organizations to demand recognition of the status of an independent people.[26] The most famous district Kryashen is the Hero of the Soviet Union Pyotr Gavrilov, the defender of the Brest Fortress.[25] Another well-known native of the area is the honored test pilot of the USSR Avdeev, Ivan Yegorovich from the village of Priyutovo.

In the Pestrechinsky district there is a centralized club and library system, the Pestrechinsky Museum of Local Lore operates, which includes a department of the Regional Museum in the village of Kryashch-Serda with the study of the life and national culture of the Kryashens, as well as the Museum of the Hero of the Soviet Union named after Pyotr Gavrilov in the village of Alvidino.[6]

A branch of Tatmedia, Pestretsy-inform, operates in the region; it includes the regional newspaper Vperyod (Alga) in Russian and Tatar languages and the Pestretsy TV channel. In 2013, on the territory of the village of Pestretsy on the right bank of the Mesha, in the forest of the Laishevsky forestry enterprise of the Pestrechinsky forestry, two places of living of ancient people were found - the Pestrechinsky site (Bronze Age, XVIII-IX BC) and the site of the Eneolithic era, belonging to the Garino-Borsk culture (III-II thousand years BC). In total, along the coast of Myosha, archaeologists have recorded a cultural layer, 45 meters long.[7]

In 2010, in the vicinity of the village of Lenino-Kokushkino, a treasure hoard of 350 silver coins was found, minted on behalf of the Moscow rulers Ivan III, Vasily III, Ivan IV at the mints of Moscow, Tver, Novgorod, and Pskov.[27]

References
  1. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  2. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  3. "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  4. "Пестречинский район ТатАССР" [Pestrechinsky region of TatASSR]. Мемориал Великой Отечественной Войны. 2014-06-23. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  5. "О районе" [About the district]. Пестречинский район. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  6. "Пестречинский район" [Pestrechinsky district]. Tat Center. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  7. Габдрахманов 2015, p. 205—209.
  8. Зинатуллина 2013, p. 197—200.
  9. "История района" [History of the district]. Пестречинский муниципальный район. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  10. "Татарстан создал особые отношения с Москвой" [Tatarstan has created a special relationship with Moscow]. Интернет-проект ИноСМИ.RU. 2016-09-18. Retrieved 2020-11-05.
  11. Фаиль Гатаулин, Сергей Афанасьев (2017-05-05). "Рейтинг «Реального времени»: «Рублевка» сравнялась по эффективности с нефтехимической столицей Татарстана" [Rating of Realnoe Vremya: Rublevka has caught up in efficiency with the petrochemical capital of Tatarstan]. Интернет-газета «Реальное время». Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  12. "Модель устойчивого развития Пестречинского района представили на Межпарламентской ассамблее участников Содружества независимых государств" [The model of sustainable development of the Pestrechinsky district was presented at the Interparliamentary Assembly of participants of the Commonwealth of Independent States]. Агентство инвестиционного развития. 2019-11-25. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
  13. "Главой Пестречинского района стал Ильхам Кашапов" [Ilham Kashapov became the head of the Pestrechinsky district]. Татар-информ. 2018-01-17. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  14. Шерпутовский 2013, p. 60—64.
  15. "Аналитика «Реального времени»: где лучше всего живется на селе в Татарстане" [Analytics of Realnoe Vremya: where is the best place to live in the countryside in Tatarstan]. Интернет-газета «Реальное время». 2020-01-06. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  16. "Поменять город на сельскую жизнь" [Change the city to rural life]. Общественно-политическая газета При использовании материалов ссылка на газету "Республика Татарстан". 2020-05-21. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  17. "Фарид Мухаметшин призвал пестречинцев восстановить и увеличить поголовье КРС" [Farid Mukhametshin urged Pestrechians to restore and increase the number of cattle]. общественно-политическая газета "Республика Татарстан". 2018-02-22. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  18. "Не забывать о резервах" [Don't forget about reserves]. Общественно-политическая газета "Республика Татарстан". 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  19. "МФЦ – «витрина» государства" [MFC - "showcase" of the state]. Общественно-политическая газета "Республика Татарстан". 2019-07-08. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  20. "Ищут черт-те знает какую атомную электростанцию: районы РТ повысят деловую активность" [They are looking for the devil knows what nuclear power plant: regions of the Republic of Tatarstan will increase business activity]. InKazan. 2019-06-04. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  21. "Рустам Минниханов – Эдуарду Диярову: «Я думал, вы себя сильно покритикуете...»" [Rustam Minnikhanov to Eduard Diyarov: "I thought you would criticize yourself a lot ..."]. Бизнес Online. 2017-02-10. Retrieved 2020-11-04.
  22. "Пестречинский район Татарстана разработал лучшую в России стратегию развития сельской территории" [The Pestrechinsky District of Tatarstan has developed the best rural development strategy in Russia]. Минэкономики Татарстана. 2019-11-25. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  23. "Казанское «стояние»: топ-15 «пробочных» мест столицы Татарстана" [Kazan "standing": top-15 "cork" places in the capital of Tatarstan]. Бизнес Online. 2020-10-06. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  24. "Марат Садыков: «Мы видим определенную миграцию медработников, но едут и, наоборот, к нам»" [Marat Sadykov: “We see a certain migration of medical workers, but they also come to us, and vice versa”]. Интернет-газета «Реальное время». 2020-08-25. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  25. "Кряшенская деревня в Татарстане: бездорожье, страусоводство и "татаризация"" [Kryashenskaya village in Tatarstan: off-road, ostrich breeding and "tatarization"]. Regnum. 2010-11-09. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
  26. Севастьянов 2017, p. 345—361.
  27. Степанов 2014, p. 140—142.

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