Phoebe (computer)

The Phoebe 2100 (or Risc PC 2) was to be Acorn Computers' successor to the RiscPC,[1] slated for release in late 1998. However, in September 1998 Acorn cancelled the project as part of a restructuring of the company.

Phoebe 2100
The case of the Acorn Phoebe 2100.
DeveloperAcorn Computers
Type32-bit microcomputer
Release dateCancelled before launch in late 1998
Introductory price£1499 (exc VAT) in 1998[1]
Mediafloppy disk, hard disk, CD-ROM
Operating systemRISC OS 4
CPUIntel StrongARM SA110
Memoryup to 512 MiB of SDRAM
DisplayVGA
InputKeyboard, Mouse, Joystick
Connectivity2 x RS-232 serial, printer parallel

Specification[2]
233 MHz Intel StrongARM SA110 Revision S CPU. Support for multiple CPUs on daughter cards available, but multiple CPU support was not available in RISC OS
64 MHz front side bus
up to 512 MiB of SDRAM
IOMD2 I/O Controller
PLX Technology PCI Bridge PCI9080
4 PCI slots (33MHz)
PC Style Joystick/Game Port
3 Acorn Podule expansion sockets
SMC37672 SuperIO chip supporting
PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse
Two EIDE channels supporting up to four devices (6.4 GB unit supplied)
Two serial ports
Parallel Port
Single Floppy drive
VIDC20 Revision R Video controller supporting
4 MiB of EDO VRAM running at 200 MHz
NLX form factor Tower case with a custom yellow front panel (by the designers of Iomega's zip drive)[1]
Slot loading CD-ROM drive
5.25" drive bays
230 W PSU unit.

Processors running at 300 MHz were being sampled by Acorn in September 1998, with 360 MHz versions also expected.[1]

Development

In November 1996, the design of what was to become Phoebe 2100 was started. The design took into account a number of perceived weaknesses of the Risc PC design, a slow memory architecture, limited I/O capability, limited expansion, and not adhering to industry standards.[3] To overcome these weakness a number of design objectives were created: harness the full potential of the StrongARM CPU, support multiple processors, add support for PCI expansion, offer the best possible graphics, run existing RISC OS applications, and provide enhanced RISC OS functionality. An additional design objective of reusing the same case as the Risc PC was dropped due to power supply requirements and electrical interference problems.[3]

To provide for these new capabilities Acorn had to design two new support chips for the system;

  • VIDC20R, a new revision of the VIDC20 video chip used in the Risc PC. Using a shrink of the process to 0.6 μm, a 100% performance increase was gained. Due to this being logically the same chip as the previous generation there would be no issues with software compatibility.[3][4]
  • IOMD2, the new IO chip had to support multiple processors, included message passing and multiple bus mastering, and was manufactured using a 0.35 μm process. Throughout development and prototyping the IOMD2 were developed on a large FPGA.[3]

During 1997 and 1998 Acorn regularly took prototype and mock-up hardware to various Acorn computer shows, including Acorn World October 1997,[4] Wakefield Acorn Spring Show May 1998[5] and the Acorn Southeast Show June 1998.[3]

By May 1998 Acorn started to offer their 'Registered Developer' scheme members the chance to pre-order a pre-launch prototype for testing and development, these were offered at a £950 (ex VAT)[6] a significant discount on the public price of £1500 (ex VAT) revealed in June.[7]

On 15 September 1998, the first Phoebe 2100 motherboards with silicon (rather than FPGA) based IOMD2 chips were powered up. They successfully ran at the full front side bus speed of 64 MHz, and the improved performance of the video chip was also seen; however, various bugs in the sound DMA were reported and general system instability was noted. As such, no shippable prototypes were yet available to send to the 'Registered Developers'.[8]

Two days later, on 17 September 1998, the development of Phoebe 2100 was cancelled.

Development was expected to cost £2.1 million.[3]

Operating system

During the years following the release of the Risc PC, Acorn had discussed using an alternative to RISC OS as their next operating system, using TAOS or writing their own microkernel-based operating system Galileo.[9] However, for the launch of Phoebe 2100 an enhanced version of RISC OS would be developed, called RISC OS 4 (codenamed 'Ursula'[10]). RISC OS wouldn't support the multiple processor daughter cards that had been included in the Phoebe 2100 hardware specification.[4]

RISC OS 4 had to support the new hardware of Phoebe 2100 which wasn't present in Acorn's earlier machines;

In addition several new features were to be added to the core of RISC OS;

  • A better file system, increasing the number of items in directory from 77 to approx 88,000 and increasing the max length of a filename from 10 characters to 255[3][15]
  • A plugin based system configuration utility.[16]
  • A new screensaver API[17]
  • An enhanced window manager[18]
  • An updated interactive help application[19]
  • A redesigned set of icons

To prepare developers for the changes to the OS, Acorn released to its 'Registered Developer' program RISC OS 3.80, designed to load on Acorn's previous generation Risc PC and A7000 computers. This would enable developers to test that their software would be compatible with Phoebe 2100, provided it didn't require any of the new hardware features. RISC OS 3.80 was limited, it only ran on ARM6 and ARM7 Risc PCs and not StrongARM (ARMv4) based ones.[20] Testing of hardware compatibility would have to wait until an initial run of 100 or so pre-production machines was made available to Registered Developers.[21]

Code names

The Phoebe 2100 project used a series of names inspired by characters from the TV series 'Friends' as code names for the components.[22][23]

  • Phoebe - The Machine itself, name carried over to launch title Phoebe 2100
  • Ursula - The operating system, RISC OS 4, that it was to run
  • Chandler - The IOMD2 chip
  • Rachel - Processor card
  • Monica - PCI Bridge

Cancellation

On 17 September 1998, Acorn finished a review of its business and decided to close the 'Workstation Division', the department developing Phoebe 2100, and all work stopped.[24][25][26]

Acorn Computers' CEO Stan Boland said, "There is not a big enough market for the PC (Risc PC 2), which is largely for home use and games. It's an enthusiast's product. We are going to resize the rest of the company and concentrate on becoming a digital TV and thin client company".[27] Computerworld Online News reported an Acorn spokesman saying "The problem was that it would have had a retail cost about twice as high as for a comparable PC".[28]

After cancellation it came to light that as few as 150 to 300 pre-orders had been placed.[29]

Aftermath

In the aftermath of the cancellation of Phoebe 2100 and Acorn Computers' change in direction from general computing to set-top box development and DSP silicon design[30] there were several attempts to resurrect some or all of the Phoebe 2100 hardware or RISC OS 4 development.

Of these, the only successful group was the Steering Group who, after initially being interested in releasing the Phoebe 2100, realised it would be financially prohibitive and set about creating a new company RISCOS Ltd. In March 1999 RISCOS Ltd negotiated a licence with Element 14, the recently renamed Acorn Computers,[31] and set about finishing the development of RISC OS 4. In July 1999 RISCOS Ltd launched RISC OS 4 to the public. It supported Acorn's Risc PC and A7000/+ machines.[32]

In addition, after the cancellation, excess stock of the Phoebe 2100 yellow NLX case was sold by CTA Direct,[33] sometimes including an NLX-compatible PC.[34]

The only known working Phoebe 2100 is held in the collection of the The Centre for Computing History in Cambridge, England.[35]

References
  1. Clark, Etelka (4 September 1998). "Acorn takes a RISC on new mellow yellow PC". Personal Computer World. Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  2. "Acorn Computers - Phoebe (RISC PC II) Functional Specification".
  3. "The Icon Bar: Clan Newsletters". www.iconbar.com.
  4. Dave Walker - Acorn Developer News 12/11/97 Acorn World Aftermath, Clan Beta CDs, Phoebe, Tons of Other Stuff
  5. "chriswhy.co.uk" (PDF). acorn.chriswhy.co.uk.
  6. Dave Walker - Acorn Developer News 13/05/98 Phoebe availability, Java 1.2 JDK, etc etc
  7. "chriswhy.co.uk" (PDF). acorn.chriswhy.co.uk.
  8. Dave Walker - Acorn Developer News 15/09/98 Stop Press: "She's Alive!", Server availability problems, Softloadable Ursula Bugs, Use on A7000+, MIDI Manager specs, etc etc
  9. "The Icon Bar: Clan Newsletters". www.iconbar.com.
  10. "Acorn Project Codenames". Retrieved 3 February 2011. Ursula, RISC OS 4.00 (crippled developer release retroversioned as 3.8, see branch Ursula_RiscPC), 1997-8
  11. "Acorn Computers - Ursula PCI Manager - Functional Specification".
  12. "Acorn Computers - Serial Interface Specification".
  13. Acorn Computers - Joystick Module for Ursula
  14. "Acorn Computers - MIDI Manager module 0.00 Functional Specification".
  15. "Acorn Computers - FileCore - Phase 1 Functional Specification".
  16. "Acorn Computers - Ursula !Configure Changes Functional Specification".
  17. "Acorn Computers - Ursula Screensaver Functional Specification".
  18. "Acorn Computers - Ursula Window Manager Changes Functional Specification".
  19. "Acorn Computers - Ursula Interactive Help Functional Specification".
  20. Dave Walker - Acorn Developer News 04/09/1998 Softloadable Ursula Image, UrsulaBugs Alias, Updated Tools, etc
  21. Dave Walker - Acorn Developer News 17/04/98 Spec Review Aftermath, Developer Conference, UrsMod Tool, Prototype Phoebes, etc
  22. House of Mable - Computers: Phoebe
  23. "The Icon Bar: Working name for the Risc PC". iconbar.com.
  24. "Stuart Halliday - Acorn Cybervillage Announcement - Workstation Division to close, Risc PC 2 work stopped, Acorn World Show postponed".
  25. "Acorn scrubs Risc PC 2".
  26. Clarke, Peter (23 September 1998). "Acorn cancels RISC computer project". EETimes. Retrieved 16 March 2012.
  27. ([email protected]), Gareth Moore. "Acorn Gaming: September 1998 News". www.acorn-gaming.org.uk.
  28. "Press watch: What other papers said this week - Computing".
  29. "Google Groups". groups.google.com.
  30. Element 14 - Acorn and Element 14 - Questions and Answers.
  31. RISCOS Ltd - PRESS RELEASE 5 March 1999 RISCOS Ltd acquires licence to develop and release RISC OS 4
  32. RISCOS Ltd - PRESS RELEASE 7 July 1999 RISC OS 4 Launched
  33. "The Icon Bar: Phoebe cases on sale". www.iconbar.com.
  34. "Google Groups". groups.google.com.
  35. "Acorn Phoebe". computinghistory.org.uk.
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