Phreatia crassiuscula

Phreatia crassiuscula, commonly known as the green caterpillar orchid,[2] is a plant in the orchid family and is an epiphyte or lithophyte with three to six fleshy, channelled leaves in a fan-like arrangement. Up to sixty tiny white, cream-coloured or greenish flowers are arranged along a curved flowering stem. It is endemic to tropical North Queensland.

Green caterpillar orchid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Genus: Phreatia
Species:
P. crassiuscula
Binomial name
Phreatia crassiuscula
Synonyms[1]
  • Plexaure crassiuscula (Nicholls) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
  • Phreatia limenophylax Benth.

Description

Phreatia crassiuscula is an epiphytic or lithophytic herb with a short stem, thin roots and between three and six thick, fleshy, dark green deeply channelled leaves 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) long and about 10 mm (0.39 in) wide in a fan-like arrangement. Between twenty and sixty white, cream-coloured or greenish, non-resupinate flowers 1.5–2 mm (0.059–0.079 in) long and wide are arranged along a flowering stem 15–35 mm (0.59–1.4 in) long that is erect at first, then curves downwards. The sepals and petals are about 1 mm (0.039 in) long and spread widely apart from each other. The labellum is about 0.7 mm (0.028 in) long and wide and dished. Flowering occurs between January and April.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

Phreatia crassiuscula was first formally described in 1945 by William Henry Nicholls who published the description in The Victorian Naturalist from a specimen collected on Mount Bartle Frere by Alf Glindeman. Nicholls noted that there were specimens of the same species in Ferdinand von Mueller's herbarium and that Mueller had named Oberonia crassiuscula. Nicholls described the epithet crassiuscula "an eminently fitting one, referring as it does to its salient characteristic, namely, the thick fleshy Crassula-like foliage".[4][5][6]

Distribution and habitat

The green caterpillar orchid usually grows on mossy rainforest trees between the Cedar Bay and Paluma Range National Parks.[1][2]

References
  1. "Phreatia crassiuscula". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 474–475. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. "Plexaure crassiuscula". Trin keys: Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  4. "Phreatia crassiuscula". APNI. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  5. Nicholls, William Henry (1945). "A new Queensland Phreatia (Orchidaceae)". The Victorian Naturalist. 61: 151–154. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
  6. "Glindeman, August Karl (Alf) (1885 - 1944)". Australian National Herbarium. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
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