Pierre Amine Gemayel

Pierre Amine Gemayel (Arabic: بيار أمين الجميّل; commonly known as Pierre Gemayel Jr., or simply Pierre Gemayel; 23 September 1972 – 21 November 2006) was a Lebanese politician in the Kataeb Party, also known as the Phalange Party in English.

Pierre Amine Gemayel بيار أمين الجميّل
Born	23 September 1972 Beirut
Died	21 November 2006 (aged 34) Beirut
Resting place	Bikfaya (family grave)
Nationality	Lebanese
Other names	Peter al Gemayel Cheikh Pierre
Occupation	Lawyer
Political party	Kataeb Party
Spouse(s)	Patricia Daif
Children	Amine Gemayel Alexandre Gemayel
Parent(s)	Amine Gemayel Joyce Tyan
Relatives	Nicole Gemayel (older sister) Samy Gemayel (younger brother) Pierre Gemayel (grandfather)

Early life and education

Pierre Amine Gemayel was born in Beirut on 24 September 1972 to a Maronite Christian family that has long been involved in Lebanese politics.[1] Gemayel was the eldest son of former President Amine Gemayel and grandson of Pierre Gemayel, founder of the Kataeb Party.[2] He was also the nephew of former president-elect Bachir Gemayel, who was assassinated in Beirut in 1982.[3][4]

Gemayel studied law in Beirut and Paris, and began his legal career at a firm in Beirut. A short while later he took over the legal practice of his father.[5]

Political career

Gemayel started his political life in the year 2000, when he was elected to Parliament in the Matn District as an independent.[6][7][8] An active member of the Kataeb movement (an offshoot of the Kataeb Party), he rejoined his father in the Qornet Shehwan Gathering.[9] He was re-elected in 2005.[10] On the other hand, he was the only member of the Alliance list of 14 March to win a parliamentary seat in the Metn district.[11]

He was well known for his opposition to Syrian occupation and influence in Lebanon. He was against the mandate ruling of President Émile Lahoud, and took part in the Cedar Revolution after the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.[12] In July 2005, he was named minister of industry in Fouad Siniora's government.[12] He served as the representative of the Phalange party in the Siniora government.[13]

Assassination

Supporters gather at Gemayel's funeral

On 21 November 2006, the day before Lebanese Independence Day, at least three to four gunmen opened fire at close range on Gemayel with five different types of suppressed automatic weapons, all using 9 mm bullets, after ramming his car from the front in the Jdeideh suburb north of Beirut with a Honda CRV with tinted windows that they were driving.[14][15][16] Gemayel was the fifth prominent anti-Syrian figure to be killed in Lebanon in two years.[17]

Gemayel was visiting his electoral district of Metn, in Jdeideh that day.[11] The method by which Gemayel was assassinated is much more brazen than that used in the past – gunmen killing in broad daylight, rather than anonymous car bombs detonated remotely.[11] He was rushed by his driver, who escaped the attack unhurt, to St. Joseph's Hospital, where he was declared dead.[18] His bodyguard, Sameer Chartouni, was also killed in the attack.[11]

Perpetrators

His killers issued a communique in which they referred to themselves the "Fighters for the Unity and Liberty of Greater Syria." They said that they killed Gemayel because he was "one of those who unceasingly spouted their venom against Syria and against Hezbollah, shamelessly and without any trepidation. Those allegations could point the fingers at the Syrian National Social Party that has a long history of political assassinations in Lebanon."[19]

A report by Kuwaiti daily Al Seyassah alleged that an editor from the state-run Syrian Arab News Agency contacted a Lebanese pro-Syrian newspaper 55 minutes prior to the assassination to inquire about the murder. The story claims the SANA reporter called back 10 minutes later to apologize for the original call. Al Seyassah further states it did not name the Lebanese newspaper to protect its identity.[20]

Lebanese law requires the dissolution of the government if one third of the 24-member Cabinet resign or become unavailable. It has been speculated that Gemayel's assassination was an attempt by pro-Syrian groups to reach the required third, and so force the current Government from power. With the recent resignation of six Hezbollah MPs from the Cabinet, added to Gemayel's death, the resignation or death of only two more ministers would topple the government. Others from the close circle of Pierre Gemayel would speculate that his fast political ascension had bothered many local powers mainly Syria's regime allies.

Others have, however, put forward many conspiracy theories regarding the murder[21] such as a possible false flag operation. Many have questioned Syria's interest in targeting the Christian society as that could have the effect of destabilising a rival Christian party, namely Michel Aoun's Free Patriotic Movement which, together with Hassan Nasrallah's Shia Group Hezbollah, forms the largest parliamentary pro-Syrian block. However the pro-Syrian coalition managed to establish a sit-in, later growing into a protest camp, in the martyr's square downtown Beirut, to insist on their demands.

Despite these claims, the unidentified perpetrators are still at large and the investigation on the attack has been inconclusive.[22]

Funeral

A funeral ceremony for him was held on Martyrs' Square on 23 November 2006 with the participation of hundreds of thousands of supporters of the 14 March Alliance, and turned to be a political character.[11] His body was buried in his hometown Bikfaya after Patriarch Nasrallah Sfeir performed the rites in Beirut.[1][23]

Lebanese reaction

Gemayel's coffin making its way through the crowds

Saad Hariri, then majority leader of the Lebanese Parliament and the head of the Current for the Future political movement, accused Syria of ordering the killing.[24] The Syrian government denied any involvement, and condemned the killings.[25]

Lebanese Druze leader Walid Jumblatt also blamed Syria for the assassination, and said he expected more such killings aimed at undermining the Lebanese parliament's ruling majority. "I bluntly accuse the Syrian regime", Jumblatt said.[26]

Samir Geagea, the leader of The Lebanese Forces, one of the major Christian parties, demanded President Émile Lahoud resign, and also accused Syria of ordering the killing. Michel Aoun, leader of The Free Patriotic Movement, strongly condemned the murder, and argued that it was aimed at generating chaos and uncertainty, primarily among the Christian society in Lebanon. Similar remarks and condemnation were issued by almost all of the major Lebanese political players.

World reaction

The U.N. Security Council condemned Gemayel's assassination.[27]

Pope Benedict XVI's representative at the funeral condemned the "unspeakable" assassination.[28]

British Prime Minister Tony Blair condemned the murder.[29] Margaret Beckett, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs in the United Kingdom, called the killing "contrary to the interests of all in the region" in a press conference aired on Al Jazeera English approximately an hour after Gemayel's death was confirmed.

The White House also condemned the murder.[30] The U.N. Ambassador John R. Bolton said, "One pattern we discern in these political assassinations of Lebanese leaders – journalists, members of parliament – they are all anti-Syrian. So I suppose one can draw conclusions from that," he said.[27]

Personal life

Gemayel married Patricia Daif, a Lebanese Christian, in 1999, and they had two sons, Amine and Iskander (Alexander).[1] The wedding was held in Limassol, Cyprus, so that Gemayel's father, who was then in self-exile, could attend.

See also

• List of assassinated Lebanese politicians

References

1. Karam, Zeina (23 November 2006). "Son of political dynasty earned his place in party". The Sydney Morning Herald. Beirut. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
2. "Lebanese Christian leader killed". BBC News. 21 November 2006.
3. "Gemayel's Death One More Blow to Lebanese Political Dynasty". Voice of America. 31 October 2009. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
4. Asser, Martin (21 November 2006). "Obituary: Pierre Gemayel". BBC News. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
5. Perthes, Volker (2004). Arab Elites: Negotiating the Politics of Change. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 9781588262660.
6. "Opposition Candidates Win Elections". APS Diplomat Recorder. 9 September 2000. Retrieved 10 March 2013.
7. Rabil, Robert G. (1 September 2001). "The Maronites and Syrian withdrawal: from "isolationists" to "traitors"?". Middle East Policy. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
8. Yehia, Ranwa (31 August – 6 September 2000). "A lighter Syrian shadow". Al-Ahram. 497. Archived from the original on 23 December 2002. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
9. "Qornet Shehwan Gathering" (PDF). Middle East Mirror. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
10. Wimmen, Heiko (27 August 2007). "Rallying Around the Renegade". MERIP. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
11. "Sheikh Pierre Amine Gemayel". Kataeb Online. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
12. "Industry Minister Pierre Gemayel quick biography". The Daily Star. 21 November 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
13. "Lebanon on the Brink of Civil War (3)" (Inquiry & Analysis Series Report No.302). MEMRI. 23 November 2006. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
14. Hatoum, Leila (28 November 2006). "Politics Investigations into Gemayel murder focus on fingerprints, surveillance footage". The Daily Star. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
15. "Assassination sparks new Lebanon crisis", tmcnet.com. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
16. "Brammertz visits site of Gemayel assassination", The Daily Star (Lebanon). Retrieved 20 November 2016.
17. Sharon Behn,"Killing seen as bid by Damascus, Tehran to hit U.S. role in Mideast", The Washington Times, 22 November 2006.
18. "Anti-Syrian Leader Killed in Lebanon". APS Diplomat Recorder. 18 November 2006. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
19. Glick, Caroline (24 November 2006). "The Gemayel warning". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
20. Nahfawi, Ghina (2006). "The Situation in Lebanon after the Assassination of Pierre Gemayel". Current Concerns. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
21. Levine, Mark (23 November 2006). "Who Killed Pierre Gemayel?". HuffPost. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
22. "Lebanese Power-brokers: The Most Powerful Families of Lebanon". Marcopolis.net. 15 October 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
23. "Crowds defy Syria at Gemayel's funeral". Jamaica Gleaner. Beirut. Reuters. 24 November 2006. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
24. "March 14 minister killed in terrorist attack". From Beirut to the Beltway. 21 November 2006. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
25. "Crowds mourn Lebanon politician", BBC. Retrieved 1 April 2007.
26. "Jumblatt blames Syria for Gemayel's murder", yalibnan.com; November 2006.
27. Assassination increases tensions with Syria, Iran The Washington Post 21 November 2006
28. "Pope condemns assassination of leading Catholic politician". Vatican City. Catholic News Agency. 22 November 2006. Archived from the original on 21 April 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
29. "Blair 'utterly condemns' Lebanon assassination". Politics. 21 November 2006. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
30. Slackman, Michael (21 November 2006). "Anti-Syrian Minister Is Assassinated in Lebanon". The New York Times. p. 2. Retrieved 21 November 2006.

News coverage

• Who killed Lebanon's Minister?, Ya Libnan, 21 November 2006
• Lebanon mourns its fallen minister, Ya Libnan, 22 November 2006