Pirs (ISS module)

Pirs (Russian: Пирс, meaning "pier") – also called Stykovochny Otsek 1 (SO-1) (Russian: Стыковочный отсек, "docking module") and DC-1 (docking compartment) – is a Russian module on the International Space Station (ISS). Pirs was launched on 14 September 2001, and is located on the Zvezda module of the station. It provides the ISS with one docking port for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and allows egress and ingress for spacewalks by cosmonauts using Russian Orlan space suits.

Pirs
The Pirs module attached to
the International Space Station.
Module statistics
COSPAR ID2001-041A
Launch date14 September 2001
Launch vehicleSoyuz-U
Docked16 September 2001
Undocked2021 (planned)[1]
Reentry2021 (planned)[1]
Mass3580 kg
Length4.91 m
Diameter2.55 m
Pressurised volume13 m3

Poisk module

A second docking compartment, Stykovochniy Otsek 2 (SO-2), was planned with the same design. However, when the Russian segment of the ISS was redesigned in 2001, the new design no longer included the SO-2, and its construction was canceled.[2] After another change of plans the SO-2 module finally evolved into the Poisk module, which was added to the ISS in 2009.

Nauka module

Pirs was scheduled to be detached from the ISS and deorbited in 2017 by Progress MS-06, to make room for the Russian Multipurpose Laboratory Module Nauka. However, due to repeated delays with the laboratory module's construction, this maneuver was postponed for Progress MS-15 in 2020.[1]

Design and construction
The flight engineer Oleg Kononenko photographs commander Sergey Volkov operating the manual Strela crane holding him. The commander stands on Pirs and has his back to the Soyuz spacecraft. Zarya is seen to the left and Zvezda across the bottom of the image.

The docking compartment has two primary functions: provide a docking port for visiting Soyuz and Progress spacecraft and serve as an airlock for Russian EVAs.

The docking port can accommodate one Soyuz-MS or one Progress-MS spacecraft. Visiting spacecraft can deliver people and cargo to and from to the space station. In addition, the Docking Compartment can transfer fuel from the fuel tanks of a docked Progress resupply vehicle to either the Zvezda Service Module Integrated Propulsion System or the Zarya Functional Cargo Block. It can also transfer propellant from Zvezda and Zarya to the propulsion system of docked vehicles—Soyuz and Progress.

The two airlocks are used for spacewalks by cosmonauts wearing Russian Orlan-M spacesuits.

The Pirs docking compartment was manufactured by RKK Energia. The Docking Compartment is similar to the Mir Docking Module used on the Mir space station. The docking compartment's planned lifetime as part of the station was five years.

Launch

Pirs was launched on 14 September 2001, as ISS Assembly Mission 4R, on a Russian Soyuz-U rocket, using a modified Progress spacecraft, Progress DC-1, as an upper stage.

The 3580 kilogram Pirs Docking Compartment is attached to the nadir (bottom, Earth-facing) port of the Zvezda service module. It docked to the International Space Station on 16 September 2001, and was configured during three spacewalks by the Expedition 3 crew. Two Strela cargo cranes were later added by the STS-96 and STS-101 missions, carried up on Integrated Cargo Carriers and installed during EVAs.

Future

Pirs was originally scheduled to be detached from the nadir (bottom) port of the Zvezda module in 2013 to make room for the Russian Multipurpose Laboratory Module Nauka.[3] This has been delayed first to 2017 and then to 2018 due to a series of launch failures with the Proton rocket leading to delays in the launch of Nauka.[4] Current ISS flight manifest, drafted on April 20th, 2021 [or a day close to the 20th of April 2021(unconfirmed)], has the Progress MS-16 mission extending to about 61 days. Progress MS-16 would perform the planned deorbiting of the Pirs module on or around April 17, 2021. Pirs could become the first permanent ISS module to be decommissioned, and would be destroyed during atmospheric re-entry.[1]

Airlock specifications
  • Length: 4.91 metres (16.1 ft)
  • Diameter: 2.55 metres (8 ft 4 in)
  • Weight: 3,580 kilograms (7,890 lb)
  • Volume: 13 cubic metres (460 cu ft)

Outside
  • Hover over each photo to view label detail
  • Pirs under construction at Energia in Moscow.
  • Progress DC-1 with the Pirs module seen from the International Space Station during docking.
  • Cosmonaut Alexander Misurkin (top center), participates in a session of extravehicular activity (EVA) near Pirs module.
  • Image of the Pirs taken during a March 2009 EVA.

Inside

See also

References
  1. Zak, Anatoly (24 October 2019). "Space exploration in 2020: Planned Russian orbital launch attempts". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  2. Zak, Anatoly (3 October 2018). "Docking Compartments for the ISS". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  3. "Consolidated Launch Manifest". nasa.gov. 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2011.
  4. Zak, Anatoly (13 August 2019). "The Nauka multi-purpose module, MLM, for the Russian segment of ISS". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.