Planorbarius corneus

Planorbarius corneus, common name the great ramshorn, is a relatively large species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails, or planorbids, which all have sinistral or left-coiling shells.[3]

Planorbarius corneus
A live individual of Planorbarius corneus, carrying the shell with the umbilicus uppermost
A shell of Planorbarius corneus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Hygrophila
Superfamily:
Planorboidea
Family:
Planorbidae
Genus:
Planorbarius
Species:
P. corneus
Binomial name
Planorbarius corneus
(Linnaeus, 1758)[2]
Subspecies
  • Planorbarius corneus arabatzis Reischütz, Reischütz & Fischer 2008
  • Planorbarius corneus grandis Dunker, 1850
  • Planorbarius corneus corneus Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms

The shell of this species appears to be dextral in coiling, even though it is in fact sinistral or left-handed.

Distribution

Planorbarius corneus is distributed from western Europe, through central Europe and into the Caucasus, north into Siberia and south into the Middle East. In western Europe, it has been recorded in Belgium, France and the British Isles (including Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey). It is not found in Spain, but it has been recorded on some Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic islands, including Madeira, the Azores, the Canary Islands. In the Nordic countries, it has been recorded in Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway. Its range extends through central Europe (including Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Lichtenstein, Switzerland and the Czech Republic) into southern Europe (where it has been recorded in Greece and Italy) and eastern Europe and the Caucasus (including Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and the Ukraine). The species is also found in western Asia, having been recorded in Kazakhstan, Iran, western regions of Russia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.[1]

Additionally, as the species is sometimes sold in the aquarium trade, it is also found outside of its main range in small ponds where they have been released or placed.[1]

Description

All species within family Planorbidae have sinistral shells.

Planorbarius corneus is the largest European species of ramshorn snail (family Planorbidae), with a shell typically measuring 35 millimetres (1.4 in) across when fully-grown.[4]

The 10–17 by 22–40 millimetres (0.39–0.67 by 0.87–1.57 in) coiled shell has between 3 and 4.5 rounded whorls with deep sutures, the last whorl predominating. The upper side is weakly depressed and the lower side is deeply depressed (flattened on the underside but spire recessed on the upper side). There is no keel. The shell is light yellowish with a brown, reddish or greenish periostracum, radially and spirally weakly striated. The aperture is wide and almost circular. The animal is brown or reddish.

Habitat

This large planorbid is found in water which is still, or only moving slowly, where there is a good growth of many different kinds of pond weeds, and where there are high levels of calcium dissolved in the water.[5]

P. corneus under high temperatures has been studied by Kartavykh & Podkovkin (2002).[6]

Reproduction

Reproduction in spring and autumn at water temperatures above 15 °C, eggs (diameter 1.2-1.7 mm) are laid in mostly elongate capsules of 8–15 mm width, each strain containing 12-40 eggs, fixed to aquatic plants, embryos are reddish with transparent shells, juveniles hatch after 14–16 days, life span up to 3 years. Self-fertilization is possible, one single released animal can establish a stable population, but only 5% of the juveniles in self-fertilized eggs will hatch.[7]

Parasites

This species of snail functions as a host for several parasite species:

References
  1. Seddon, M.B.; Van Damme, D (2011). "Planorbarius corneus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T156083A4889234. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T156083A4889234.en.
  2. Linnaeus C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th edition. - Vermes. Testacea: 700–781. Holmiae. (Salvius).
  3. Marshall, B. (2014). Planorbarius corneus (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=819958 on 2014-11-06
  4. György, Krisky (2013). Freshwater Invertebrates in Central Europe: A Field Guide. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 78. ISBN 9783709115473.
  5. Janus, Horst, 1965. ‘’The young specialist looks at land and freshwater molluscs’’, Burke, London
  6. (in Russian) Kartavykh T. N. & Podkovkin V. G. (2002) "[Influence of high temperature of environment upon cholinesterase activity in Gastropoda Planorbis corneus]". 152–157. PDF.
  7. http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/species?id=1195
  8. Prosthogonimus ovatus (Parasite Species Summary) Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
  9. "Apatemon gracilis (Parasite Species Summary)". Archived from the original on 2008-10-25. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  10. "Hypoderaeum conoideum (Parasite Species Summary)". Archived from the original on 2008-10-25. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
  11. Syngamus trachea (Parasite Species Summary) Archived 2007-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
  12. Typhlocoelum sisowi (Parasite Species Summary)
  • Spencer, H.G., Marshall, B.A. & Willan, R.C. (2009). Checklist of New Zealand living Mollusca. pp 196–219 in Gordon, D.P. (ed.) New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume one. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press, Christchurch.
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