Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)

Germany saw significant political violence from the fall of the Second Reich and the rise of the Weimar Republic through the German Revolution of 1918–19, until the rise of the Nazi Party to power in 1933 when a Nazi totalitarian state was formed and opposition figures were arrested. The violence was characterised by assassinations by and confrontations between right-wing groups such as the Freikorps (sometimes in collusion with the state), and socialist organisations such as the Communist Party of Germany.[1]

Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)
Part of the Interwar period

Johann Lehner (*1901) photographed with government troops on May 3, 1919, moments before they murdered him because they had mistaken him for a Bavarian Soviet Republic official.
Date3 November 1918 – 30 January 1933
Location
Germany
Result Nazi Party seizes power, all opposition political parties are banned, Nazi totalitarian state established.
Belligerents

 Weimar Republic

Far-left

Far-right

Commanders and leaders
Friedrich Ebert
Paul von Hindenburg
Rosa Luxemburg 
Paul Levi
Karl Radek
Ernst Thälmann
Kurt Eisner 
Ernst Toller
Gustav Landauer 
Eugen Levine 
Erich Mühsam
Erich Ludendorff
Wolfgang Kapp
Hermann Ehrhardt
Alfred Hugenberg
Adolf Hitler
Ernst Röhm

Further reading

  • Blasius, Dirk (2008). Weimars Ende. Bürgerkrieg und Politik 1930-1933 [The end of Weimar. Civil war and politics 1930-1933] (Paperback ed.). Frankfurt: S. Fischer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-596-17503-1.
  • Brown, Timothy S. 2009. Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance. Berghahn.
  • Schumann, Dirk. 2009. Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918-1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War. Berghahn.

See also

References

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