Prabuty

Prabuty [praˈbutɨ] (German: Riesenburg) is a town in Kwidzyn County within the Pomeranian Voivodeship of northern Poland. Between 1975 and 1998, Prabuty were part of the Elbląg Voivodeship.

See also: Prabuty, Masovian Voivodeship
Prabuty
Rynek (Market Square) in Prabuty
Flag
Coat of arms
Prabuty
Prabuty
Coordinates: 53°45′21″N 19°11′51″E
Country Poland
VoivodeshipPomeranian
CountyKwidzyn
GminaPrabuty
First mentioned1236
Town rights1330
Government
 • MayorMarek Szulc
Area
 • Total7.92 km2 (3.06 sq mi)
Elevation
90 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2006)
 • Total8,488
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
82–550
Area code(s)+48 55
Car platesGKW
Websitehttp://www.prabuty.pl

Geographical location

Prabuty is located approximately 18 kilometers east of Kwidzyn, 100 kilometers southeast of Gdańsk, 100 kilometers west of Olsztyn, and 133 kilometers southwest of Kaliningrad.

Prabuty is a rail junction on the Warszawa–Gdynia railway.

History
Kwidzyn Gate (Brama Kwidzyńska)

In 1236, the Teutonic Knights under Henry III, Margrave of Meissen, destroyed an Old Prussian fortress between the lakes Dzierzgoń and Liwieniec. The settlement was first mentioned in 1250 as Riesenburg. The village grew around the castle and received Culm law city rights on 30 October 1330[1] from bishop Rudolf of Pomerania (1322–1332). In 1379 the town was visited by Lithuanian duke Švitrigaila.[1][2] In 1410 and 1414 it was captured by the Poles.[2]

Knights and squires of the Prabuty district were co-founders of the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation in 1440.[3] Since its establishment, part of the population wanted the town to join the organization.[1] In 1451, the town council eventually joined the Prussian Confederation, but bishop Kaspar Linke expelled the councilors and confiscated their property. The town was accepted again by the organization in February 1454, and upon the request of the organization, in March 1454, Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland,[4] and the Thirteen Years' War broke out. Around that time, the town was mentioned in documents as Prabuth.[5] After the Battle of Chojnice, in which Polish forces were defeated, the town was forced to side with the Order again.[2] After the war and the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), the town became a part of Poland as a fief,[6] although Pomesanian bishops retained their rule over the area. In 1525 the town became part of Ducal Prussia, a vassal state of Poland. In 1556, a synod was held in the town.

Riesenburg suffered during the 17th century Polish-Swedish wars. In 1628, half of it was burnt down, and in 1688 the remainder was burned.[7] In 1722, fire caused destruction once again.[7]

In 1701, as part of Ducal Prussia, the town became a part of the Kingdom of Prussia and part of the newly created province of West Prussia in 1773. Despite this, as of 1789, Polish Protestant church services were still held in the town, and there was a Polish municipal school there.[2] In 1871, the town became part of the German Empire in the framework of the Prussian-led unification of Germany. Until 1919, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in the Province of West Prussia.

After World War I, a referendum was held concerning the future nationality of the town, which remained part of Weimar Germany. From 1920 to 1939, Riesenburg belonged to the administrative district of Regierungsbezirk Westpreußen in the Province of East Prussia and from 1939 until 1945 to the district of Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder in the province of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia.

During World War II Germany operated a prisoner-of-war camp in the town.[8] The town was captured by the Soviet Red Army in 1945 in the final months of the war. It then became again part of Poland. Most of the German inhabitants were expelled and the pre-war Polish population was joined by Poles displaced from former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union.

Heinz Heydrich (1905–44), brother of Reinhard Heydrich, is buried in a soldier cemetery Riesenburg, according to the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt).

Historic architecture in Prabuty
St. Adalbert Co-cathedral
Saint Andrew church
Saint Mary chapel

Number of inhabitants by year
Year Number
17771,797
17821,878
18312,722
18753,542
18803,718
18904,586
19005,032
19054,826
19255,340
19336,116
19398,093
20068,488

[7][9][10][11]

Sports

The local football club is Pogoń Prabuty. It competes in the lower leagues.

Notable residents
  • Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1755–1829) the Regent of the Duchy of Oldenburg for his incapacitated cousin William I from 1785-1823 and then served himself as Duke from 1823–1829.
  • Adolf Treichel (1869–1926), German politician, President of the Volkstag (Free City of Danzig)
  • Jan Wittstock (1886–1962), Polish activist
  • Charlotte Wolff (1897–1986) a German-British physician who worked as a psychotherapist and wrote on sexology and hand analysis. Her writings on lesbianism and bisexuality were influential early works in the field.
  • Stanisław Żyrek (1936–2010), Polish sculptor
  • Jerzy Weinberger (born 1940), Polish jurist, former member of the State Tribunal of Poland

References
  1. "History of Prabuty". Archived from the original on 2008-04-30. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
  2. Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX, Warszawa, 1888, p. 10 (in Polish)
  3. Karol Górski, Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych, Instytut Zachodni, Poznań, 1949, p. 10 (in Polish)
  4. Górski, p. XXXVIII, 54
  5. Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX, p. 9
  6. Górski, p. 96-97, 214-215
  7. Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Volständige Topographie des Königreichs Preussen. Part II: Topographie von West-Preussen, Marienwerder 1789, p. 6, no 2.
  8. Jan Daniluk, Wykorzystanie siły roboczej jeńców wojennych w XX Okręgu Wojskowym w latach II wojny światowej (zarys problemu), "Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny" Tom 35, Opole, 2012, p. 22 (in Polish)
  9. Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6th edition, Vol. 16, Leipzig 1909, pp. 925–926.
  10. Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Westpreußen, Kreis Rosenberg (2006).
  11. August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, p. 441.


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